Cellulose nanocrystals from grape pomace and their use for the development of starch-based nanocomposite films

Nanocomposite films prepared from starch (ST) in the presence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was performed using grape pomace as raw material. CNCs were obtained by acid hydrolysis and added to filmogenic solutions (1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 g/100 g of ST). Cellulose, CNCs and Nanocomposites were characterized. Amorphous non-cellulosic materials were removed from the grape pomace presented values for CrI 64% and 71% and yield 12 and 70% in Cellulose and CNCs, respectively. Nanocomposites showed smaller permeability and the addition of 5 to 15% CNCs formed more opaque films and had improved tensile strength and Youngs modulus. The addition of CNCs from 5 to 15% proved to be effective in improving mechanical properties and decreasing water vapor permeability, important characteristics in food packaging materials. This study provided an effective method to obtain CNCs from the agroindustrial waste and open the way to produce high-value starch based nanocomposites.The authors are grateful for financial support provided by FAPERJ - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (E-26.202749/2018), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (311936/2018-0), and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES). The support during transmission electron microscopy analyses provided by the LABNANO/CBPF is also very much appreciated.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Figure 1 in Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic

Figure 1. Sampling sites. Caribbean: 1 – Bocas del Toro (BDT), 2 – San Andrés Island (SAN), 3 – Urabá (URA); Brazil: 4 – Ceará (CEA), 5 – Rio Grande do Norte (RGN), 6 – Rocas Atoll (RAT), 7 – Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNO), 8 – Abrolhos Archipelago (ABR); Pacific: 9 – Australia (GBR), 10 – New Caledonia (NCA).Published as part of <i>Valderrama, Diego, Rossi, André Linhares, Solé-Cava, Antonio Mateo, Rapp, Hans Tore & Klautau, Michelle, 2009, Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic, pp. 1-16 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (1)</i> on page 4, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00522.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10114780">http://zenodo.org/record/10114780</a&gt

Figure 4 in Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic

Figure 4. Leucetta cf. floridana from Brazil. A, live specimen (photo: F. Moraes); B, triactine I; C, triactine II and several triactines I; D, tetractine I; E, detail of the apical actine of tetractine I; F, sagittal tetractine I; G, tetractine II and several triactines I; H, detail of the apical actine of tetractine II. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B–H = 100 Mm.Published as part of <i>Valderrama, Diego, Rossi, André Linhares, Solé-Cava, Antonio Mateo, Rapp, Hans Tore & Klautau, Michelle, 2009, Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic, pp. 1-16 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (1)</i> on page 8, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00522.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10114780">http://zenodo.org/record/10114780</a&gt