Improved syntheses of aromatase inhibitors and neuroactive steroids efficient oxidations and reductions at key positions for bioactivity

An Henbest reduction, followed by the preparation of a silyl enol ether and oxidation in situ with m-CPBA has led to the neurosteroids 3[alpha]-hydroxy- and 3[alpha],21-dihydroxy-5[alpha]-pregnanolones. Using testosterone as starting material, a new short synthesis of an aromatase inhibitor, 4-OHA, has been achieved through hydroboration/oxidation followed by a Swern type oxidation and epimerization. Another aromatase inhibitor, androst-4-ene-3,6-17-trione, has been efficiently prepared using PCC on montmorillonite K10, under ultrasonic irradiation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6THR-3WC46V7-8/1/5f915790e78df65f4c988ab78bf4f17

Detecção de Salmonella sp. em psitacídeos no cativeiro

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Cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with oral cleft: a clinical-electrocardiographic-echocardiographic study

OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to describe the clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic cardiological findings in a group of patients with oral clefts. METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study on 70 children (age range from 13 days to 19 years) with oral clefts who attended the multidisciplinary program of a university hospital from March 2013 to September 2014. The patients were evaluated by a pediatric cardiologist and underwent detailed anamnesis, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the patients were male; 55.7% presented with cleft lip and palate, and 40.0% presented with health complaints. Comorbidities were found in 44.3%. Relevant pregnancy, neonatal, family and personal antecedents were present in 55.7%, 27.1%, 67.2%, and 24.3% of the patients, respectively. Regarding the antecedents, 15.2% of the patients presented with a cardiac murmur, 49.0% with a familial risk of developing plurimetabolic syndrome, and 6% with family antecedents of rheumatic fever. Electrocardiographic evaluation showed one case of atrioventricular block. Echocardiograms were abnormal in 35.7% of the exams, including 5 cases of mitral valve prolapse — one of which was diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. CONCLUSION: The finding of a family risk of developing plurimetabolic syndrome and a diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease indicates that patients with oral clefts may be more prone to developing acquired heart disease. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of anamnesis and methodological triangulation (clinical-electrocardiographic-echocardiographic) in the investigation of patients with oral clefts and emphasize that cardiological follow-up to evaluate acquired and/or rhythm heart diseases is necessary. This strategy permits comorbidity prevention and individualized planned treatment

Relação do índice de desenvolvimento humano e as variáveis nutricionais em crianças do brasil

Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo é demonstrar a relação do Indice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) de diferentes regiões brasileiras no comportamento das variáveis de composicão corporal-indicadores do estado nutricional, assim como, a adequação da utilização destas variáveis.Materiais e Método Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal de topología comparativa. A amostra foi composta por alunos de escolas públicas, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 8 e 10 anos, de 3 regiões brasileiras, escolhidas de maneira aleatória, sendo: Sul n= 262 masculino e n=251 feminino; Nordeste n=45 masculino y n=35 feminino; Norte n=96 masculino y n=38 feminino.Os protocolos utilizados foram de estatura, massa, somatória de dobras cutáneas e IMC. O IDH foi retirado do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento. A estatística utilizada foi a descritiva e inferencial, através do método comparativo Anova one-way para os dados paramétricos e o teste Kurskal-Wallis para os dados não paramétricos, sendo adotado um nível de significância de p and lt;0,05, ou seja, 95 % de probabilidade para as afirmativas e/ou negativas, denotadas durante as investigações.ResultadosFoi demostrada a existência de uma diferencia significativa p and lt;0.0001 nas variáveis estudadas.Conclusiones A utilização de antropometria como uma ferramenta auxiliar para conhecer a composição corporal das crianças podem ajudar na prevenção ou tratamento precoce dos distúrbios alimentares, como desnutrição e obesidade. Ela pode ser parte das intervenções das políticas públicas ligadas à assistência infantil,na utilização de formas simples e eficiente para evitar problemas de saúde pública

The Portuguese Society of Rheumatology position paper on the use of biosimilars

Biotechnological drugs have become a fundamental resource for the treatment of rheumatic patients. Patent expiry of some of these drugs created the opportunity for biopharmaceutical manufacturers to develop biosimilar drugs intended to be as efficacious as the originator product but with a lower cost to healthcare systems. Due to the complex manufacturing process and highly intricate structure of biologicals, a biosimilar can never be an exact copy of its reference product. Consequently, regulatory authorities issued strict preclinical and clinical guidelines to ensure safety and efficacy equivalence and, in September 2013, the biosimilar of infliximab was the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody to be authorized for use in the European Union. The current document is a position statement of the "Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia" (Portuguese Society of Rheumatology) on the use of biosimilar drugs in rheumatic diseases. Two systematic literature reviews were performed, one concerning clinical trials and the other one concerning international position papers on biosimilars. The results were presented and discussed in a national meeting and a final position document was discussed, written and approved by Portuguese rheumatologists. Briefly, this position statement is contrary to automatic substitution of the originator by the biosimilar, defends either a different INN or the prescription by brand name, supports that switching between biosimilars and the originator molecule should be done after at least 6 months of treatment and based on the attending physician decision and after adequate patient information, recommends the registration of all biosimilar treated patients in Reuma.pt for efficacy, safety and immunogenicity surveillance, following the strategy already ongoing for originators, and opposes to extrapolation of indications approved to the originator to completely different diseases and/or age groups without adequate pre-clinical, safety or efficacy data.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

HERBase: a collection of understorey herb vegetation plots from Amazonia.

In this article, we describe the database HERBase, an exhaustive compilation of published and unpublished data on herb inventories in Amazonia

SARS-CoV-2 uses CD4 to infect T helper lymphocytes

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of a major global outbreak of respiratory tract disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infects mainly lungs and may cause several immune-related complications, such as lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm, which are associated with the severity of the disease and predict mortality. The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in immune system dysfunction is still not fully understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects human CD4+ T helper cells, but not CD8+ T cells, and is present in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage T helper cells of severe COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) directly binds to the CD4 molecule, which in turn mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in T helper cells. This leads to impaired CD4 T cell function and may cause cell death. SARS-CoV-2-infected T helper cells express higher levels of IL-10, which is associated with viral persistence and disease severity. Thus, CD4-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of T helper cells may contribute to a poor immune response in COVID-19 patients.</p