Management of tracheal chondrosarcoma almost completely obstructing the airway: a case report

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Gulypyrones A and B and phomentrioloxins B and C produced by Diaporthe gulyae, a potential mycoherbicide for saffron thistle (Carthamus lanatus)

A virulent strain of Diaporthe gulyae, isolated from stem cankers of sunflower and known to be pathogenic to saffron thistle, has been shown to produce both known and previously undescribed metabolites when grown in either static liquid culture or a bioreactor. Together with phomentrioloxin, a phytotoxic geranylcyclohexenetriol recently isolated from a strain of Phomopsis sp., two new phytotoxic trisubstituted α-pyrones, named gulypyrones A and B (1 and 2), and two new 1,O- and 2,O-dehydro derivatives of phomentrioloxin, named phomentrioloxins B and C (3 and 4), were isolated from the liquid culture filtrates of D. gulyae. These four metabolites were characterized as 6-[(2S)2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl]-4-methoxy-5-methylpyran-2-one (1), 6-[(1E)-3-hydroxy-1-methylpropenyl]- 4-methoxy-3-methylpyran-2-one (2), 4,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(7-methyl-3-methyleneoct-6-en-1-ynyl)cyclohex-2-enone (3), and 2,5-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-(7-methyl-3-methyleneoct-6-en-1-ynyl)cyclohex-3-enone (4) using spectroscopic and chemical methods. The absolute configuration of the hydroxylated secondary carbon of the 2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl side chain at C-6 of gulypyrone A was determined as S by applying a modified Mosher’s method. Other well-known metabolites were also isolated including 3-nitropropionic, succinic, and p-hydroxy- and p-methylbenzoic acids, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and nectriapyrone. When assayed using a 5 mM concentration on punctured leaf disks of weedy and crop plants, apart from 3-nitropropionic acid (the main metabolite responsible for the strong phytotoxicity of the culture filtrate), phomentrioloxin B caused small, but clear, necrotic spots on a number of plant species, whereas gulypyrone A caused leaf necrosis on Helianthus annuus plantlets. All other compounds were weakly active or inactive

Phytotoxins produced by Pestalotiopsis guepinii, the causal agent of hazelnut twig blight

The main lipophilic phytotoxic metabolite was isolated from the culture filtrates of Pestalotiopsis guepinii, the fungus causing twig blight of hazelnut. The metabolite was spectroscopically identified as pestalopyrone, a pentaketide that it was originally identified as a minor toxin produced by Pestalotiopsis oenotherae. The toxic activity of pestalopyrone was compared with that of nectriapyrone, a structurally related monoterpenoid recently isolated from Phomopsis foeniculi, and that of the new dihydro-derivative of nectriapyrone. The high phytotoxic activity of nectriapyrone and its dihydro-derivative on three non host  plants, showed that the double bond of the 1-methylpropenyl group at C-6 of the aromatic ring is inessential for its activity, while the much lower activity of pestalopyrone showed that the methyl group at C-3 of the same ring is an important structural feature. The high molecular weight hydrophilic phytotoxins produced by this fungus are reported for the first time

La psicoterapia como viaje transcultural

En el artículo el autor propone, a partir de su larga y variada experiencia de trabajo clínico con familias pertenecientes a distintos contextos culturales y sociales, algunas reflexiones acerca de los desafíos que se deben enfrentar en el trabajo con familias provenientes de culturas diferentes respecto a aquella del terapeuta. En el escrito se fundamenta la convicción del autor acerca de la necesidad que los terapeutas revisen sus supuestos acerca de la diversidad, sus prejuicios para potenciar sus recursos personales y desarrollar una real capacidad de acercamiento

Tentativi di suicidio e morti traumatiche in adolescenza

Evidenziare la dimensione psicologica di quei mutamenti relazionali che eventi come la morte e l'estrema sofferenza legata alla perdita comportano all'interno dei gruppi e della famiglia