17,152 research outputs found
Mode stability on the real axis
A generalization of the mode stability result of Whiting (1989) for the
Teukolsky equation is proved for the case of real frequencies. The main result
of the paper states that a separated solution of the Teukolsky equation
governing massless test fields on the Kerr spacetime, which is purely outgoing
at infinity, and purely ingoing at the horizon, must vanish. This has the
consequence, that for real frequencies, there are linearly independent
fundamental solutions of the radial Teukolsky equation which are purely ingoing
at the horizon, and purely outgoing at infinity, respectively. This fact yields
a representation formula for solutions of the inhomogenous Teukolsky equation.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures. Reference added, revtex4-1 forma
Cavity state preparation using adiabatic transfer
We show how to prepare a variety of cavity field states for multiple
cavities. The state preparation technique used is related to the method of
stimulated adiabatic Raman passage or STIRAP. The cavity modes are coupled by
atoms, making it possible to transfer an arbitrary cavity field state from one
cavity to another, and also to prepare non-trivial cavity field states. In
particular, we show how to prepare entangled states of two or more cavities,
such as an EPR state and a W state, as well as various entangled superpositions
of coherent states in different cavities, including Schrodinger cat states. The
theoretical considerations are supported by numerical simulations.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Accepted in Phys. Rev.
Essays on the Politics of Taxation
Taxation is a key activity of any state and a constant point of political struggle. The structure of taxation is continuously changing and evolving, and its size has grown dramatically during the last two hundred years. Many of the cross-national patterns we observe today are the result of centuries old conflicts and challenges, hence we need to take history into account if we want to understand contemporary tax systems. This dissertation is concerned with the evolution of taxation in the last two centuries. During this period modern parliamentary democracy developed and spread, and it is during this period that the contemporary party systems crystallized and the broad lines of conflict between the left and the right emerged. Thus, this period is crucial for our understanding of the effects of political institutions and ideology on policy making.Because of a lack of comparative information on taxation with a long time scale, previous research has been constrained to a small number of mostly European countries. In this dissertation I present a novel dataset (a collaboration with Thomas Brambor) over government tax revenues covering 31 countries from 1800 to 2012. The dataset is unprecedented in both temporal and geographic scope and includes countries from Europe, North America, South America, as well as Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.The first paper is concerned with the notion that democracy itself has an impact on taxation by extending influence to previously excluded groups of poor citizens. I present evidence for the argument that the effects of democracy depend on urbanization. Democratization in an urbanized state leads to higher taxes on income and lower taxes on consumption. In contrast, democratization in rural countries is associated with lower taxes on property.The second paper investigates the influence of ideology on taxation. A puzzle in the literature is why left-wing parties are associated with regressive taxation (e.g., on consumption). I argue that how left-wing governments tax depend on the institutional environment. In countries using majoritarian/plurality electoral systems the left relies more on income tax, and in countries using proportional representation systems the left relies more on consumption tax.In the third paper I investigate the mechanism behind left-wing tax strategy in more detail by studying reforms of consumption taxation in post- war United Kingdom and Sweden. I find that strategic considerations related to how the political system concentrates power in the United Kingdom affected the Labour Partyâs attitude towards the value-added tax and its decision not to adopt the tax. The left-wing government in Sweden on the other hand, operating in a different institutional context, decided to introduce a similar tax.The fourth paper, which is coauthored with Johannes Lindvall, contrasts political investments, of which taxation is one example, with short- term crisis management. We present a game theoretic model in which institutions that concentrate power are better at handling sudden crises but worse at making policy with short-run costs and long-term gains. Power-sharing institutions, on the other hand, are better at resolving inter- temporal dilemmas, but perform worse when faced with sudden crises
Quantum algorithms for testing Boolean functions
We discuss quantum algorithms, based on the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm, for
finding which variables a Boolean function depends on. There are 2^n possible
linear Boolean functions of n variables; given a linear Boolean function, the
Bernstein-Vazirani quantum algorithm can deterministically identify which one
of these Boolean functions we are given using just one single function query.
The same quantum algorithm can also be used to learn which input variables
other types of Boolean functions depend on, with a success probability that
depends on the form of the Boolean function that is tested, but does not depend
on the total number of input variables. We also outline a procedure to futher
amplify the success probability, based on another quantum algorithm, the Grover
search
Chaotic sources and Percolation of strings
It is shown that different ways of interacting strings formed in high energy
nucleus-nucleus collisions cause a different strength of the chaoticity
parameter lambda of Bose-Einstein correlations. In particular, in the case of
percolation of strings, lambda shows a peculiar dependence on the string
density, very similar to the dependence of the fractional average cluster size.
In both, the derivative on the string density is maximum at the critical point.
The reasonable agreement with the existing experimental data indicates that
percolation of strings can actually occurs.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, 3 eps figure
Can Euroscepticism Contribute to a European Public Sphere? The Europeanization of Media Discourses about Euroscepticism across Six Countries
This study compares the media discourses about Euroscepticism in 2014 across
six countries (United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Spain, Sweden, and Denmark). We
assess the extent to which the mass media's reporting of Euroscepticism
indicates the Europeanization of public spheres. Using a mixed-methods approach
combining LDA topic modeling and qualitative coding, we find that approximately
70 per cent of print articles mentioning "Euroscepticism" or "Eurosceptic" are
framed in a non-domestic (i.e. European) context. In five of the six cases
studied, articles exhibiting a European context are strikingly similar in
content, with the British case as the exception. However, coverage of British
Euroscepticism drives Europeanization in other Member States. Bivariate
logistic regressions further reveal three macro-level structural variables that
significantly correlate with a Europeanized media discourse: newspaper type
(tabloid or broadsheet), presence of a strong Eurosceptic party, and
relationship to the EU budget (net contributor or receiver of EU funds).Comment: 29 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables, 2 appendice
IgM-producing tumors in the BALB/c mouse: a model for B-cell maturation
Five adjuvant induced BALB/c tumors producing IgMâMcPc 1748, W 3469, TEPC 183, McPc 774, and Y 5781âwere characterized morphologically by electron microscopy, analysis of the distribution of surface-bound and intracytoplasmic IgM using immunofluorescence, and by biochemical study of IgM synthesis, turnover, and secretion. The cells of different tumors appear to represent different stages in B-cell maturation when compared to normal, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cells. Thus, McPc 1748 tumor cells resemble 10â25-h stimulated normal B cells, 3469 cells resemble 20â35-h stimulated B cells, TEPC 183 cells resemble 45â65-h stimulated B cells, Y 5781 cells resemble 80â110-h stimulated B cells, and McPc 774 cells resemble 100â130-h stimulated B cells
Residue currents associated with weakly holomorphic functions
We construct Coleff-Herrera products and Bochner-Martinelli type residue
currents associated with a tuple of weakly holomorphic functions, and show
that these currents satisfy basic properties from the (strongly) holomorphic
case, as the transformation law, the Poincar\'e-Lelong formula and the
equivalence of the Coleff-Herrera product and the Bochner-Martinelli type
residue current associated with when defines a complete intersection.Comment: 28 pages. Updated with some corrections from the revision process. In
particular, corrected and clarified some things in Section 5 and 6 regarding
products of weakly holomorphic functions and currents, and the definition of
the Bochner-Martinelli type current
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