22,219 research outputs found
Buoyancy and g-modes in young superfluid neutron stars
We consider the local dynamics of a realistic neutron star core, including
composition gradients, superfluidity and thermal effects. The main focus is on
the gravity g-modes, which are supported by composition stratification and
thermal gradients. We derive the equations that govern this problem in full
detail, paying particular attention to the input that needs to be provided
through the equation of state and distinguishing between normal and superfluid
regions. The analysis highlights a number of key issues that should be kept in
mind whenever equation of state data is compiled from nuclear physics for use
in neutron star calculations. We provide explicit results for a particular
stellar model and a specific nucleonic equation of state, making use of cooling
simulations to show how the local wave spectrum evolves as the star ages. Our
results show that the composition gradient is effectively dominated by the
muons whenever they are present. When the star cools below the superfluid
transition, the support for g-modes at lower densities (where there are no
muons) is entirely thermal. We confirm the recent suggestion that the g-modes
in this region may be unstable, but our results indicate that this instability
will be weak and would only be present for a brief period of the star's life.
Our analysis accounts for the presence of thermal excitations encoded in
entrainment between the entropy and the superfluid component. Finally, we
discuss the complete spectrum, including the normal sound waves and, in
superfluid regions, the second sound.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRA
Parton-Hadron duality in event generators
The validity of local parton-hadron duality within the framework of HERWIG
and JETSET event generators is investigated. We concentrate on annihilations in LEP 2 energy range as these interactions provide
theoretically the cleanest condition for the discussion of this concept.Comment: PRA-HEP-92/14, 10 pages and 7 PS figures obtainable upon request,
LATEX. email transmission errors corrected. Requests for figures can be sent
on the above ID or to CHYLA@CSPGAS1
Oscillations of General Relativistic Multi-fluid/Multi-layer Compact Stars
We develop the formalism for determining the quasinormal modes of general
relativistic multi-fluid compact stars in such a way that the impact of
superfluid gap data can be assessed. Our results represent the first attempt to
study true multi-layer dynamics, an important step towards considering
realistic superfluid/superconducting compact stars. We combine a relativistic
model for entrainment with model equations of state that explicity incorporate
the symmetry energy. Our analysis emphasises the many different parameters that
are required for this kind of modelling, and the fact that standard tabulated
equations of state are grossly incomplete in this respect. To make progress,
future equations of state need to provide the energy density as a function of
the various nucleon number densities, the temperature (i.e. entropy), and the
entrainment among the various components
Non-radial oscillation modes as a probe of density discontinuities in neutron stars
A phase transition occurring in the inner core of a neutron star could be
associated to a density discontinuity that would affect the frequency spectrum
of the non-radial oscillation modes in two ways. Firstly, it would produce a
softening of the equation of state, leading to more compact equilibrium
configurations and changing the frequency of the fundamental and pressure modes
of the neutron star. Secondly, a new non-zero frequency g-- mode would appear,
associated to each discontinuity. These discontinuity g--modes have typical
frequencies larger than those of g--modes previously studied in the literature
(thermal, core g-- modes, or g--modes due to chemical inhomogeneities in the
outer layers), and smaller than that of the fundamental mode; therefore they
should be distinguishable from the other modes of non radial oscillation. In
this paper we investigate how high density discontinuities change the frequency
spectrum of the non-radial oscillations, in the framework of the general
relativistic theory of stellar perturbations. Our purpose is to understand
whether a gravitational signal, emitted at the frequencies of the quasi normal
modes, may give some clear information on the equation of state of the neutron
star and, in particular, on the parameters that characterize the density
discontinuity. We discuss some astrophysical processes that may be associated
to the excitation of these modes, and estimate how much gravitational energy
should the modes convey to produce a signal detectable by high frequency
gravitational detectors.Comment: submitted to MNRA
Color separate singlets in annihilation
We use the method of color effective Hamiltonian to study the properties of
states in which a gluonic subsystem forms a color singlet, and we will study
the possibility that such a subsystem hadronizes as a separate unit. A parton
system can normally be subdivided into singlet subsystems in many different
ways, and one problem arises from the fact that the corresponding states are
not orthogonal. We show that if only contributions of order are
included, the problem is greatly simplified. Only a very limited number of
states are possible, and we present an orthogonalization procedure for these
states. The result is simple and intuitive and could give an estimate of the
possibility to produce color separated gluonic subsystems, if no dynamical
effects are important. We also study with a simple MC the possibility that
configurations which correspond to "short strings" are dynamically favored. The
advantage of our approach over more elaborate models is its simplicity, which
makes it easier to estimate color reconnection effects in reactions which are
more complicated than the relatively simple annihilation.Comment: Revtex, 24 pages, 7 figures; Compared to the previous version, 1 new
figure is added and Monte-Carlo results are re-analyzed, as suggested by the
referee; To appear in Phys. Rev.
Universality of Highly Damped Quasinormal Modes for Single Horizon Black Holes
It has been suggested that the highly damped quasinormal modes of black holes
provide information about the microscopic quantum gravitational states
underlying black hole entropy. This interpretation requires the form of the
highly damped quasinormal mode frequency to be universally of the form:
, where is an integer, and is the
black hole temperature. We summarize the results of an analysis of the highly
damped quasinormal modes for a large class of single horizon, asymptotically
flat black holes.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, submitted to the proceedings of Theory CANADA 1,
which will be published in a special edition of the Canadian Journal of
Physic
Dispersion interactions from a local polarizability model
A local approximation for dynamic polarizability leads to a nonlocal
functional for the long-range dispersion interaction energy via an
imaginary-frequency integral. We analyze several local polarizability
approximations and argue that the form underlying the construction of our
recent van der Waals functional [O. A. Vydrov and T. Van Voorhis, Phys. Rev.
Lett. 103, 063004 (2009)] is particularly well physically justified. Using this
improved formula, we compute dynamic dipole polarizabilities and van der Waals
C_6 coefficients for a set of atoms and molecules. Good agreement with the
benchmark values is obtained in most cases
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Beyond viral suppression: the quality of life of people living with HIV in Sweden
Sweden has one of the best HIV treatment outcomes in the world and an estimated 95% of all diagnosed people living with HIV are virally suppressed, but the quality of life (QoL) is understudied. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between variables within sociodemographic, behavioural, clinical, psychological, sexual life, social support and personal resource component and the QoL of people living with HIV in Sweden. Data were derived from a cross-sectional, nation-wide survey completed by 15% (n = 1096) of all people living with HIV and collected at 15 infectious disease clinics and 2 needle exchange sites during 2014. Ordinal univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between potential contributors and QoL. Respondents reported high QoL: 63% rated their QoL 7 or higher on a scale ranging from 0 to 10. QoL was independent of gender, age, mode of HIV transmission and country of origin. Lower QoL was associated with recent homelessness, hazardous alcohol consumption, comorbidities, treatment side-effects, HIV-related physical symptoms, hopelessness, negative self-image, sexual dissatisfaction, and negative changes in sex life after HIV. The QoL of people living with HIV in Sweden was high overall, but still significantly influenced by HIV
Spatiotemporally Complete Condensation in a Non-Poissonian Exclusion Process
We investigate a non-Poissonian version of the asymmetric simple exclusion
process, motivated by the observation that coarse-graining the interactions
between particles in complex systems generically leads to a stochastic process
with a non-Markovian (history-dependent) character. We characterize a large
family of one-dimensional hopping processes using a waiting-time distribution
for individual particle hops. We find that when its variance is infinite, a
real-space condensate forms that is complete in space (involves all particles)
and time (exists at almost any given instant) in the thermodynamic limit. The
mechanism for the onset and stability of the condensate are both rather subtle,
and depends on the microscopic dynamics subsequent to a failed particle hop
attempts.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Version 2 to appear in PR
Existence of axially symmetric static solutions of the Einstein-Vlasov system
We prove the existence of static, asymptotically flat non-vacuum spacetimes
with axial symmetry where the matter is modeled as a collisionless gas. The
axially symmetric solutions of the resulting Einstein-Vlasov system are
obtained via the implicit function theorem by perturbing off a suitable
spherically symmetric steady state of the Vlasov-Poisson system.Comment: 32 page
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