Composição do farelo de biscoito na alimentação de suínos

This study was conducted to compile results of the nutritional composition of the biscuit meal from14 papers from studies published in journals and reports during 2000 and 2011 to characterize thegross, digestible and metabolizable energy (DE and ME, kcal / kg) for pigs, dry mater (DM), crudeprotein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca), phosphorus(Pt), sodium (Na), total lysine (LIS), methionine plus cystine total (MC), threonine (THR), tryptophan(TRI) and non-nitrogen extraction (ENN) of this product. The mean values were biscuit meal 3681 kcal/ kg; 8.93%, 9.07%, 11.61%, 2.71%, 2.64%, 0.12%, 0.21%; 0, 34%, 0.23%, 0.30%, 0.26%, 0.16% and 69.66%,for ME; U, CP, EE, MM, FB; Ca, Pt, Na; LIS; MC , TRE, TRI and NFE, respectively.Este trabalho teve como objetivo compilar resultados de composição nutricional do farelo debiscoito à partir de 14 referências de trabalhos publicados em periódicos e laudos, de 2000 e 2011para caracterização dos valores de energia bruta, digestível e metabolizável (ED e EM, kcal/kg)para suínos, matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), matéria mineral (MM), fibrabruta (FB), cálcio (Ca), fósforo total (Pt), sódio (Na), lisina total (LIS), metionina mais cistina total(MC), treonina (TRE), triptofano (TRI) e extrativo não nitrogenado (ENN) deste produto. Os valoresmédios do farelo de biscoito foram 3681 kcal/kg; 91,07%; 9,07%; 11,61%; 2,71%; 2,64%; 0,12%; 0,21%;0,34%; 0,23%; 0,30%; 0,26%; 0,16% e 69,66%; para EM; MS; PB; EE; MM; FB; Ca; Pt; Na; LIS; MC; TRE; TRIe ENN, respectivamente

The effect of transport density and gender on stress indicators and carcass and meat quality in pigs

A total of 168 finishing pigs were used to investigate the effects of gender (barrows and gilts) and transport densities for slaughter (236, 251, and 275 kg/m²) on stress indicators and carcass and pork quality. The animals transported at 251 kg/m² (T251) presented cortisol values below those at 236 kg/m2 (T236), but no different from those at 275 kg/m2 (T275). The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values in pigs transported at T236 were the lowest. The blood components did not differ between T236 and T275. The pH values at 45 min (pH45) and at 24 h (pH24) postmortem were higher for pigs subjected to T236. However, the pH45 was higher at T251 than at T275, but pH24 was lower at T251 than at T275. The lightness values in the muscles of the pigs transported at T236 and T251 were higher than those at T275. Lower drip loss values were observed in the muscle of animals at T251. Carcasses of pigs at T236 contained more 1–5 cm lesions while those at T275 contained more 5–10 cmlesions in sections of loin. No significant effects of gender were found on the stress indicators, blood components, pH45, pH24, color, drip loss or carcass lesions in general. These results indicate that the pre-slaughter transport of pigs at densities of 251 kg/m² generates less physiological damage and smaller losses on carcass and pork quality irrespective of gender

Implications of the use of glycerin on fed of finishing pigs: review

Brazilian pig production has been highlighted worldwide, currently the country has occupied the fourth place both in production and export of pork. The the Brazilian governmen has required the addition of 7% biodiesel in fossil diesel, this requirement also increased the amount of glycerin which is a byproduct from production of biodiesel by transesterification. Glycerin has interesting nutritional characteristics for animal feed, and reduce the cost of diets to have energy value similar to corn. For each 90 m3 of biodiesel produced by transesterification of vegetable oils are generated 10 m3 of glycerin. Glycerol is a nutritional component of dietary fat (triglycerides) in the diet can be absorbed as monoglycerides constituent after a partial hydrolysis of triglycerides. In general metabolism, glycerol plays a vital role, with important structural component of triglycerides and phospholipids. The variability of the components of glycerin as glycerol and sodium content are parameters that are not considered may limit its use in animal feed. Studies of the use of glycerin in feeding finishing pigs indicate that the ingredient does not compromise the performance of animals nor carcass characteristics and meat quality, some studies showed improvement in meat water retention capacity. qualidade de carne, alguns estudos apresentou melhoria na capacidade de retenção de água da carne. The objective was to review the production process, characterization, nutritional value, metabolism, limitations of glycerin use and its effects on performance and carcass and meat characteristics of pigs. The glycerol molecule appears as a viscous, colorless, odorless and hygroscopic liquid, with a sweet taste, soluble in water and alcohol. The chemical composition and glycerol content of glycerin depend on the type of raw material used and the efficiency of the biodiesel production process. Glycerol as a nutritional component of dietary fat is absorbed as a constituent of monoglycerides after partial hydrolysis of triglycerides; undergoes action of the enzyme glycerol kinase, converted to glycerol 3-phosphate that may follow the route of glycolysis when the animal is in energy deficit; or be destined to the deposition or excretion of fat when it is with excess of energy. Glycerin may exhibit high metabolizable energy content, being able to be a substitute of corn in pig diets. The effect of glycerin on the performance and characteristics of pig carcass and meat depends on the type, inclusion level and weight range of the animals, but in general their use in the diets does not reflect to the detriment. Concern about the use of glycerin in animal feed is related to the residual levels of biodiesel production affecting the composition of glycerin in sodium, potassium and methanol, as well as its cost in relation to corn. The use of glycerin in finishing pig feed is a viable alternative since its characteristics are respected

Uso de DDGS de milho para suínos: uma breve revisão

The co-products of ethanol production from corn are referred to in the literature as dried grains with soluble distillates (dried distillers grains with solubles - DDGS). There is considerable variation in the nutritional composition of DDGS mainly due to genetic variation of corn, the ratio of added soluble prior to drying and processing heat. The production of corn ethanol in Brazil began recently but presents with enormous potential, generating huge expectations of availability of DDGS. For each megagram of corn is produced on average 401 liters of ethanol, 323 kg of CO2 and 323 kg of DDGS. The energy, protein and digestible phosphorus values of DDGS characterize it as an alternative ingredient with great potential for partial replacement of corn and soybean meal to feed pigs. The highest concentration of dietary fiber in DDGS can be one of the main reasons for the decrease in energy digestibility of DDGS compared to corn. Low DDGS inclusions can be used without prejudice to the performance of the animals, however high inclusions eventually express inferior results compared to conventional ingredients.Os coprodutos da produção de etanol a partir do milho são referenciados na literatura como grãos secos destilados com solúveis (Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles - DDGS). Existe considerável variação na composição nutricional do DDGS principalmente devido a variação genética do milho, à proporção de solúveis adicionados antes da secagem e ao processamento por calor. A produção de etanol de milho no Brasil iniciou-se há pouco mas apresenta-se com enorme potencial, gerando expectativas enormes de disponibilidade de DDGS. Para cada megagrama de milho é produzido em média 401 L de etanol, 323 kg de CO2 e 323 kg de DDGS. Os valores de energia, proteína e de fósforo digestível do DDGS o caracterizam como um alimento alternativo com grande potencialidade para substituição parcial do milho e farelo de soja na alimentação de suínos. A maior concentração de fibra alimentar no DDGS pode ser uma das principais razões para a diminuição da digestibilidade da energia do DDGS em comparação ao milho. A inclusão de 30% de DDGS para leitões e 50% de DDGS para suínos adultos e reprodutores, garantem não afetar seu desempenho. Baixas inclusões de DDGS podem ser utilizadas sem prejuízo ao desempenho dos animais, contudo inclusões elevadas acabam por expressar resultados inferiores em comparação a ingredientes convencionais

Farelo de biscoito em rações para leitões na fase inicial

This work aimed to analyze performance, consistency of feces and economic viability of piglets in theinitial phase fed with diets containing different levels of biscuit meal. Performance and consistencyof feces of 48 piglets were evaluated in the initial phase. The treatments were diet without biscuitmeal (control) and diets with 15% or 30% biscuit meal inclusion. There were no effect of treatments onbody weight of piglets, feed intake and weight gain at fourteen and twenty-one days of evaluation.Piglets fed diets containing 15% biscuit meal had a higher body weight and weight gain to the sevenday and better feed:gain ratio than the control diet at total period. Treatments did not affect thescore of feces in any of the periods analyzed. Diets containing 15 and 30% inclusion of biscuit mealshowed better economic viability compared to the control diet. Biscuit meal can be included up to30% in diets for piglets in the initial stage without compromising the performance of these animals.Objetivou-se analisar o desempenho, a consistência de fezes e a viabilidade econômica de leitões na fase inicial alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes inclusões de farelo de biscoitos. Foram utilizados 48 leitões da fase inicial, para avaliação de dieta sem a inclusão de farelo de biscoito (controle) e dietas com inclusão de 15% ou 30% de farelo de biscoito. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o peso corporal dos leitões, consumo de ração e ganho de peso aos quatorze e vinte e um dias de avaliação. Leitões alimentados com dietas contendo 15% de farelo de biscoito apresentaram maior peso corporal e ganho de peso aos sete dias de avaliação e melhor conversão alimentar que a dieta controle no período total. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o escore de fezes em nenhum dos períodos analisados. Dietas contendo 15 e 30% de inclusão de farelo de biscoito evidenciaram melhor viabilidade econômica em relação a dieta controle. Farelo de biscoito pode ser incluso até 30% em dietas para leitões na fase inicial sem prejuízos ao desempenho e à viabilidade econômica destes animais.  Biscuit meal in diets for pigletsAbsctractThis work aimed to analyze performance, consistency of feces and economic viability of piglets in theinitial phase fed with diets containing different levels of biscuit meal. Performance and consistencyof feces of 48 piglets were evaluated in the initial phase. The treatments were diet without biscuitmeal (control) and diets with 15% or 30% biscuit meal inclusion. There were no effect of treatments onbody weight of piglets, feed intake and weight gain at fourteen and twenty-one days of evaluation.Piglets fed diets containing 15% biscuit meal had a higher body weight and weight gain to the sevenday and better feed:gain ratio than the control diet at total period. Treatments did not affect thescore of feces in any of the periods analyzed. Diets containing 15 and 30% inclusion of biscuit mealshowed better economic viability compared to the control diet. Biscuit meal can be included up to30% in diets for piglets in the initial stage without compromising the performance of these animals.

Performance and serum parameters of growing pigs fed semi-purified glycerin

Background: the use of semi-purified glycerin in pig diets has been studied as an alternative energy source. Objective: to evaluate growth performance and serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and urea in pigs fed diets containing semi-purified glycerin during the growth phase. Methods: forty barrows with an initial weight of 27.30 ± 1.74 Kg, distributed in a randomized complete block design with four treatments and five replicates were used. The dietary treatments were a combination of corn and soybean meal diets with the addition of 0, 5, 10 or 15% semi-purified glycerin. The experimental period lasted 27 days and was divided into two periods. Results: during Period 1, pig performance did not differ with the inclusion of semi-purified glycerin in the diet. In Period 2, an improvement in average daily weight gain was observed. In the total period, an improvement was observed in the average daily weight gain, feed/gain ratio and final weight of the animals. However, serum parameters were not affected by the inclusion of semi-purified glycerin in the diets. Conclusion: the addition of up to 15% semi-purified glycerin to the diet of growing pigs improves growth performance without affecting serum parameters