Sampling Rare Populations

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147111/1/rssa00397.pd

Digitize Your Yearbooks: Creating Digital Access While Considering Student Privacy and Other Legal Issues

Student yearbooks are distinctive cultural records. For the schools and universities that produced them, yearbooks promoted a shared sense of identity and experience among students and helped create enduring loyalty to the institutions long after the students graduated. For scholars and other users, yearbooks are unique primary sources that provide insight into past eras of local student life and culture. In regards to user engagement and preserving local histories, student yearbooks should be ideal candidates for digitization by libraries and archives. However, yearbooks are challenging digitization projects because they are likely to contain privacy-sensitive photographs and other information as well as potentially copyrighted content created by multiple parties. An understanding of state and federal privacy laws, such as FERPA, and the ethical obligations to preserve the privacy of individuals is essential to addressing multi-layered concerns for digital access. The authors offer guidance for yearbook digitization projects based on their investigation of these issues as part of an initiative to digitize their University and K-12 schools’ collections of yearbooks

Canada\u27s Residential Schools and the Right to Integrity

Apart from characterizations of the residential schools system as imposing cultural genocide, it is possible to understand the system in terms of a legal wrong involving violations of family integrity. The 19th and early 20th centuries saw increasing state intervention in families generally so as to impose compulsory education. However, wrongs in this intervention were recognized, and international law developed toward a right of family integrity that led to changes in non-Indigenous contexts. Evidence from the TRC shows that Canada did not respond as quickly in the Indigenous context, thus permitting an identification of how the residential schools system violated international law at least in its latter decades. Focus on this international law right of family integrity has potential application to other contexts ofinterference with Indigenous families and is thus a helpful legal approach that should be adopted

Proposal for a Digital Archives Program at the Dr. Joann Rayfield Archives

A report submitted in April 2016 discussing the creation of an infrastructure for the collection and preservation of digital files by the archives of Illinois State University. Includes three possible strategies based on monetary cost and staff time, with hardware and software recommendations appropriate to each

Evidence for excess pore pressures in southwest Indian Ocean sediments

Brown clay cores from the Madagascar and Crozet basins show the following evidence of excess pore pressures: large amounts of flow-in, increasing average sedimentation rate with age, and nonlinear temperature gradients. Additionally, many hilltops in these basins have no visible sediment cover. The bare hilltops may result from periodic slumping caused by excess pore pressures. Calculated excess pore pressures which equal or exceed the overburden pressure were inferred from water fluxes predicted by nonlinear temperature gradients and laboratory permeability measurements by using Darcy's law. Since pore pressures which exceed the overburden pressure are unreasonable, we attribute this discrepancy to laboratory measurements which underestimate the in situ permeability. The widespread presence of overpressured sediments in areas of irregular topography provides a process for resuspension of clay-sized particles. This mechanism does not require high current velocities for the erosion of clay and therefore can be applied to many areas where no strong currents are evident. Carbonate-rich sediments from the Madagascar Ridge, the Mozambique Ridge, and the Agulhas Plateau had almost no flow-in and occurred in areas where all topography was thickly draped with sediment. Since the age and tectonic location of the ridges and plateaus preclude water circulation in the basement, we attribute these differences between the brown clay and the carbonate-rich material to an absence of significant excess pore pressures in the plateau and ridge sediments

Anomalous heat flow in the northwest Atlantic: A case for continued hydrothermal circulation in 80-M.Y. crust

A detailed study of a 60×150 km area at 60°W, 24°N at the eastern end of the Nares Abyssal Plain indicates that hydrothermal circulation is still active in the 80 m.y. B.P. oceanic crust. The 58 heat flow measurements made at five stations in the area have revealed (1) constant heat flow over the abyssal plain (56 mW m−2), (2) a cyclic heat flow over the abyssal hills (mean of 77 mW m−2), and (3) a large anomaly of 710 m W m−2 over one of several small domes which protrude from the abyssal plain. The domes are 0.5–1.0 km in diameter near the top and rise 50 m above the level of the abyssal plain. They are recognized from surface echo sounders by an abrupt disappearance in the abyssal plain subbottom reflectors, but on near-bottom pinger records they appear as steep-walled structures which are covered by ∼10 m of sediment (compared to ∼75 m on the surrounding abyssal hills). From analogy with active ridge crests, these features are probably small volcanoes. The heat flow anomaly over one of the domes is matched well by a finite element convection model with the following characteristics: (1) recharge at one basement outcrop and discharge at another, (2) 300 m of sediment fill between outcrops, and (3) permeabilities of 10−10 cm2 for basalt and 10−13 cm2 for sediment. In other words, we believe that there is very effective convective heat transfer within the crust and out of the relatively permeable, thinly sedimented basement dome, resulting in the local high heat flow. Overall, the results from the Nares survey vividly show the age independent muting effect of sediment on the surface manifestation of crustal convection. In our survey area the mode of heat transfer varies from purely conductive in the more thickly sedimented abyssal plain areas (∼300 m sediment cover) to moderate amplitude convection pattern beneath the abyssal hills (∼75 m sediment cover) to a very large thermal anomaly over the small dome or ‘chimneylike’ structure (∼10 m sediment cover). The domes are possibly active analogues to the presently inactive basement chimney drilled at DSDP site 417A

Correlated sediment thickness, temperature gradient and excess pore pressure in a marine fault block basin

Measurements of temperature gradient and excess pore pressure in the surficial sediment of a fault block basin in the Guatemala Basin correlate with sediment thickness. The temperature gradient is smaller and the excess pore pressure gradient is more negative in areas of thinner sediment. This correlation is explained by postulating downward pore water advection within the sediments, with flow velocities on the order of 10−9 to 10−8 m/s in the thinnest sediments and much less flow in the thickest sediments. Sediment physical properties and pore water chemistry also support this interpretation. Since the conductive heat flow of the basin as a whole is less than one third that predicted by sea floor spreading models, the oceanic basement may be the site of a vigorous hydrothermal circulation system. The pore water advection in the sediments may be driven by this larger scale circulation

Estrategia Walt Disney en la atención en estudiantes del nivel primario de una Institución Educativa de Chilca

El trabajo de investigación tuvo como problema principal ¿Cómo influye la estrategia Walt Disney en la atención en estudiantes del segundo grado nivel primario de la Institución Educativa Institución Nueva Antioquia de Chilca, 2021? con una población de 27 estudiantes del segundo grado del nivel primario, se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional, el objetivo general fue: Determinar la influencia de la estrategia Walt Disney en la atención en estudiantes del segundo grado del nivel primario de la Institución Educativa Institución Nueva Antioquia de Chilca, 2021. El método fue experimental con un diseño pre experimental, se aplicó la técnica de evaluación educativa y el instrumento prueba pedagógica. El resultado obtenido de 27 estudiantes, en el nivel “logro” (L) el 93% (25) en los estudiantes se perciben habilidades de orientación (representa la capacidad de dirigir recursos cognitivos a objetos o eventos importantes para la supervivencia de un organismo, por ejemplo, decidir espontáneamente leer una historia o escuchar una melodía). Por otro lado, está presente la focalización. Tiene que ver con la capacidad de concentrarse en varios estímulos a la vez. Asimismo, la concentración también se percibe en los estudiantes (indicando la cantidad de recursos de atención dedicados a una determinada actividad o fenómeno mental). Y, está presente la intensidad (la atención se puede expresar en diferentes grados: desde la indiferencia más cercana hasta la concentración profunda. La intensidad de la atención está relacionada principalmente con el grado de interés y significado de la información. Asimismo, el 7% (2) se ubican en el nivel “proceso” (P). Los estudiantes tienen la capacidad de mantener el enfoque en una actividad o estímulo durante un período de tiempo prolongado. En otras palabras, se percibe una atención constante que le permite concentrarse en una actividad durante el tiempo necesario para realizarla, a pesar de las distracciones. Se percibe dos acciones: vigilancia (detectar la aparición de un estímulo) y concentración (atención a un estímulo o actividad). Estos resultados nos permitieron llegar a la siguiente conclusión: La estrategia Walt Disney influye significativamente en la atención en estudiantes del segundo grado del nivel primario de la Institución Educativa Institución Nueva Antioquia de Chilca, 2021

Case ascertainment uncertainties in prevalence surveys of Parkinson's disease

Using unpublished data from five completed prevalence surveys of Parkinson's disease (PD), we investigated case ascertainment uncertainties that potentially have a direct effect on prevalence. These uncertainties arise from the choice of diagnostic criteria, the choice of screening method, and the amount of information lost because of nonresponse. The surveys were conducted in Argentina, India, China, Italy, and the Netherlands. Our analyses consisted of simple comparisons of prevalence results, positive predictive values (a screening measure), and nonresponse percentages. We found that (a) prevalence comparisons between surveys have diminished value if the surveys used different diagnostic criteria for PD; (b) screening performance may be affected adversely if symptom questions are answered by one family member for the entire family living together rather than by each family member individually; and (c) nonresponse from refusal or unavailability does not necessarily lead to bias, but special caution may be appropriate with prevalence results pertaining to elderly women