Interactions between meat intake and genetic variation in relation to colorectal cancer

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 46 kb

Einar Hobølls sømandsliv

I eftertiden er Einar Holbøll (1865-1927) kendt som postembedsmanden, der blev »Julemærkets Fader«, men før det kom dertil, regnede han med en maritim karriere. Ulla Andersen, der i mange år har været en af hovedpersonerne i arbejdet med at holde S/S SKJÆLSKØR i fin og sejlklar stand, har samlet materiale til belysning af Einar Holbølls sømandsliv

Aktivitetsproblemer hos borgere som udelukkende er henvist til fysisk ambulant genoptræning

Baggrund: Der er sammenhæng mellem ældre menneskers deltagelse i forskelligartede aktiviteter og sundhed, dog indeholder henvisninger til kommunal genoptræning hovedsageligt beskrivelser af fysiske vanskeligheder. Formål: At kortlægge hvorvidt den ældre borger, henvist til fysisk ambulant genoptræning, oplever aktivitetsproblemer og i så fald hvilke, samt hvordan de prioriteres. Metode: Studiet var kvalitativt i sin ansats og forankret i forfatterens kliniske praksis. Informanterne var > 60 år (n=11) og henvist til genoptræning i den kommune, hvor de boede. Gennem to uger blev der foretaget tværfaglige vurderinger, informanterne blev interviewet af en ergoterapeut ved anvendelse af instrumentet Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), et reliabelt og responsivt instrument. De indsamlede data blev bearbejdet gennem inspiration af en kvalitativ indholdsanalyse; først en manifest og derefter en latent analyse. Resultat: Studiet fandt, at borgerne oplevede aktivitetsproblemer relateret til stort set alle temaer indenfor COPM egenomsorg, arbejde og fritid. Konklusion: Studiet indikerer behov for fast procedure for ergoterapeutisk vurdering, hvor et standardiseret instrument til fremme af klientcentreret praksis anvendes COPM. Grundet populationens størrelse kan der ikke konkludere på sammenhæng mellem borgeres oplevelse af aktivitetsproblemer og henvisningsbeskrivelserne. Der er behov for yderligere studier

Undervisning og centralt stillede test i folkeskolen

Dette udviklingsarbejde undersøger hvordan en gruppe biologilærere forholder sig til de centralt stillede test, samt hvordan de mener prøverne eventuelt påvirker den daglige undervisning. Undersøgelsen viser at mange respondenter anser det som positivt at der er indført en afsluttende prøve i faget. Lærerne er dog utilfredse med prøveformen og mener at den kan have en uheldig washbackeffekt på undervisningen. Mange anser i stedet en praktisk mundtlig prøve som den bedste afsluttende prøveform. De nationale test på 8. klassetrin er lærerne i denne undersøgelse derimod mere kritiske over for. Artiklen slutter med overvejelser om mulige ændringer i prøveformerne

Interaction between interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms and dietary fibre in relation to risk of colorectal cancer in a Danish case-cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>More than 50% of the colorectal cancer (CRC) etiology has been attributed to diet. Established or suspected dietary factors modifying risk of CRC are red meat, cereals, fish, and fibre. Diet and lifestyle may be linked to cancer through inflammation. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. We wanted to test if dietary factors and <it>IL10</it> polymorphisms interact in relation to colorectal carcinogenesis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The functional <it>IL10</it> polymorphism C-592A (rs1800872) and the marker rs3024505 were assessed in relation to diet and lifestyle in a nested case-cohort study of 378 CRC cases and 775 randomly selected participants from a prospective study of 57,053 persons. Genotyping data on the <it>IL10</it> polymorphism C-592A, smoking and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) was retrieved from Vogel et al. (Mutat Res, 2007; 624:88). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were calculated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No associations were found between the <it>IL10</it> rs3024505 polymorphism and risk of CRC. There was interaction between rs3024505 and dietary fibre (P-value for interaction = 0.01). <it>IL10</it> rs3024505 homozygous wildtype carriers were at 27% reduced risk of CRC per 10 g fibre per day (95% CI: 0.60-0.88) whereas variant carriers had no risk reduction by fibre intake. Also, interaction between <it>IL10</it> C-592A and intake of fibre was found (P-value for interaction = 0.02). Among those eating <17.0 grams of fibre per day, carriers of an C-592A variant allele had a statistically significantly higher risk of colorectal cancer compared to homozygous wildtypes. No significant differences in colorectal cancer risk were observed between the reference group (CC and <17.0 g/day) and carriers of one C-592A variant allele eating 17.0 or more grams of dietary fibre per day. This suggests that the increased risk due to carrying the variant allele can be overcome by higher fibre intake. No interactions between <it>IL10</it> polymorphisms and dietary meat, cereal, or fish intake, or between <it>IL10</it> rs3024505 and smoking or NSAID use were found.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In this northern Caucasian cohort we found interaction between <it>IL10</it> and dietary fibre in CRC carcinogenesis. High intake of fibre seems to protect against CRC among individuals with <it>IL10</it> related genetic susceptibility to CRC. This finding should be evaluated in other prospective and population-based cohorts with different ethnic groups.</p

Polyacylated anthocyanins from Hebe

Four acylated anthocyanins were isolated from flowers of Hebe spp. On the basis of LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) techniques, they were identified as (1) cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-(E-caffeoyl)-beta-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)-beta-glucopyranoside]-5-O-beta-glucopyranoside, (2) cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)-beta-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)-beta-glucopyranoside]-5-O-beta-glucopyranoside, (3) cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-(E-caffeoyl)-beta-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)-beta-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-beta-glucopyranoside], and (4) cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)-beta-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)-beta-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-beta-glucopyranoside]. Pigments 2 and 4 are novel compounds.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologi

Polymorphisms in NFKB1 and TLR4 and Interaction with Dietary and Life Style Factors in Relation to Colorectal Cancer in a Danish Prospective Case-Cohort Study

Maintenance of a balance between commensal bacteria and the mucosal immune system is crucial and intestinal dysbiosis may be a key event in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important pattern-recognition receptor that regulates inflammation and barrier function in the gut by a mechanism that involves activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor. Dietary and life style factors may impact these functions. We therefore used a Danish prospective case-cohort study of 1010 CRC cases and 1829 randomly selected participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort to investigate three polymorphisms in NFKB1 and TLR4 and their possible interactions with diet and life style factors in relation to risk of CRC. Homozygous carriage of the variant allele of the TLR4/rs5030728 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of CRC (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.60; P = 0.02 (gene-dose model); IRR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.01-1.51; P = 0.04 (recessive model)). Del-carriers of the NFKB1/rs28362491 polymorphism had a 17% (95%CI: 1.03-1.34; P = 0.02) increased risk of CRC compared to homozygous carriers of the ins-allele. However, none of these risk estimates withstood adjustment for multiple comparisons. We found no strong gene-environment interactions between the examined polymorphism and diet and life style factors in relation to CRC risk