PROSEDUR PEMBERIAN KREDIT PADA LEMBAGA PERKREDITAN DESA (LPD) DESA ADAT CENGKILUNG DENPASAR UTARA

LPD is a financial institution belonging to the Pakraman village that participates in the success of development, especially in the field of the village economy. The research with the title "Procedure for Providing Credit to Village Credit Institutions (LPD) in Cengkilung Traditional Village, North Denpasar", has a formulation of the problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the procedures applied by the LPD Desa Adat Cengkilung Denpasar in considering granting credit to prospective debtors. This research uses observational research methods, interviews, and documentation. The data sources used are secondary data, as well as data such as the history of the establishment of the LPD, organizational structure, creditors recapitulation, income statements, and balance sheets. This research uses comparative descriptive analysis technique. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the Cengkilung LPD in providing credit had not followed all the credit granting procedures in force in the Cengkilung Traditional Village LPD. The implementation of the credit distribution policy at the Cengkilung Traditional Village LPD has not yet referred to the prudential principle in lending.&nbsp

Surveillance and characterisation of influenza viruses among patients with influenza-like illness in Bali, Indonesia, July 2010-June 2014.

BACKGROUND: Although Indonesia has high fatality rate of human A/H5N1 cases, epidemiological and clinical data on influenza virus circulation among humans has been limited. Within Indonesia, Bali province is of interest due to high population densities of humans, pigs and poultry. This study aims to characterize and compare the epidemiological and clinical patterns of influenza viruses in humans through surveillance among patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) in Bali, Indonesia. METHODS: ILI patients were recruited at 21 sentinel health facilities across all nine regencies in Bali, from July 2010 to June 2014. PCR-based assays were used for detection and subtyping of influenza viruses. Demographic, behavioural and clinical data were tested for associations with influenza using chi-squared tests and logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 2077 ILI patients, 291 (14.0%) tested positive for influenza A, 152 (7.3%) for influenza B, and 16 (0.77%) for both influenza A and B. Of the influenza A isolates, the majority 61.2% were A/H3N2, followed by A/H1N1-pdm09 (80; 26.1%). Two A/H5N1 were identified. Influenza positive rates were significantly higher during wet season months (28.3%), compared with the dry season (13.8%; χ2 = 61.1; df = 1; p < 0.0001). Clinical predictors for infection varied by virus type, with measured fever (≥38 °C) more strongly associated with influenza B (AOR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.39). CONCLUSION: Influenza circulates year-round among humans in Bali with higher activity during the wet season. High contact rates with poultry and pigs, along with influenza virus detection that could not be subtyped through conventional assays, highlight the need for molecular studies to characterize epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza in this setting

Chikungunya fever outbreak identified in North Bali, Indonesia

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections have been reported sporadically within the last 5 years in several areas of Indonesia including Bali. Most of the reports, however, have lacked laboratory confirmation. Method: A recent fever outbreak in a village in the North Bali area was investigated using extensive viral diagnostic testing including both molecular and serological approaches. Results and conclusions: Ten out of 15 acute febrile illness samples were confirmed to have CHIKV infection by real-time PCR or CHIKV-specific IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The outbreak strain belonged to the Asian genotype with highest homology to other CHIKV strains currently circulating in Indonesia. The results are of public health concern particularly because Bali is a popular tourist destination in Indonesia and thereby the potential to spread the virus to non-endemic areas is high