17 research outputs found
Nonlinear Photonic Crystals: IV. Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation Regime
We study here the nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NLS) as the first term in a
sequence of approximations for an electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating
according to the nonlinear Maxwell equations (NLM). The dielectric medium is
assumed to be periodic, with a cubic nonlinearity, and with its linear
background possessing inversion symmetric dispersion relations. The medium is
excited by a current producing an EM wave. The wave nonlinear
evolution is analyzed based on the modal decomposition and an expansion of the
exact solution to the NLM into an asymptotic series with respect to some three
small parameters , and . These parameters are
introduced through the excitation current to scale respectively
(i) its amplitude and consequently the magnitude of the nonlinearity; (ii) the
range of wavevectors involved in its modal composition, with
scaling its spatial extension; (iii) its frequency bandwidth, with scaling its time extension. We develop a consistent theory of
approximations of increasing accuracy for the NLM with its first term governed
by the NLS. We show that such NLS regime is the medium response to an almost
monochromatic excitation current . The developed approach not only
provides rigorous estimates of the approximation accuracy of the NLM with the
NLS in terms of powers of , and , but it also
produces new extended NLS (ENLS) equations providing better approximations.
Remarkably, quantitative estimates show that properly tailored ENLS can
significantly improve the approximation accuracy of the NLM compare with the
classical NLS
Wave-Corpuscle Mechanics for Electric Charges
It is well known that the concept of a point charge interacting with the electromagnetic (EM) field has a problem. To address that problem we introduce the concept of wave-corpuscle to describe spinless elementary charges interacting with the classical EM field. Every charge interacts only with the EM field and is described by a complex valued wave function over the 4-dimensional space time continuum. A system of many charges interacting with the EM field is defined by a local, gauge and Lorentz invariant Lagrangian with a key ingredient—a nonlinear self-interaction term providing for a cohesive force assigned to every charge. An ideal wave-corpuscle is an exact solution to the Euler-Lagrange equations describing both free and accelerated motions. It carries explicitly features of a point charge and the de Broglie wave. Our analysis shows that a system of well separated charges moving with nonrelativistic velocities are represented accurately as wave-corpuscles governed by the Newton equations of motion for point charges interacting with the Lorentz forces. In this regime the nonlinearities are “stealthy” and don’t show explicitly anywhere, but they provide for the binding forces that keep localized every individual charge. The theory can also be applied to closely interacting charges as in hydrogen atom where it produces discrete energy spectrum
Relativistic point dynamics and Einstein formula as a property of localized solutions of a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation
Einstein's relation E=Mc^2 between the energy E and the mass M is the
cornerstone of the relativity theory. This relation is often derived in a
context of the relativistic theory for closed systems which do not accelerate.
By contrast, Newtonian approach to the mass is based on an accelerated motion.
We study here a particular neoclassical field model of a particle governed by a
nonlinear Klein-Gordon (KG) field equation. We prove that if a solution to the
nonlinear KG equation and its energy density concentrate at a trajectory, then
this trajectory and the energy must satisfy the relativistic version of
Newton's law with the mass satisfying Einstein's relation. Therefore the
internal energy of a localized wave affects its acceleration in an external
field as the inertial mass does in Newtonian mechanics. We demonstrate that the
"concentration" assumptions hold for a wide class of rectilinear accelerating
motions
Electrodynamics of balanced charges
In this work we modify the wave-corpuscle mechanics for elementary charges
introduced by us recently. This modification is designed to better describe
electromagnetic (EM) phenomena at atomic scales. It includes a modification of
the concept of the classical EM field and a new model for the elementary charge
which we call a balanced charge (b-charge). A b-charge does not interact with
itself electromagnetically, and every b-charge possesses its own elementary EM
field. The EM energy is naturally partitioned as the interaction energy between
pairs of different b-charges. We construct EM theory of b-charges (BEM) based
on a relativistic Lagrangian with the following properties: (i) b-charges
interact only through their elementary EM potentials and fields; (ii) the field
equations for the elementary EM fields are exactly the Maxwell equations with
proper currents; (iii) a free charge moves uniformly preserving up to the
Lorentz contraction its shape; (iv) the Newton equations with the Lorentz
forces hold approximately when charges are well separated and move with
non-relativistic velocities. The BEM theory can be characterized as
neoclassical one which covers the macroscopic as well as the atomic spatial
scales, it describes EM phenomena at atomic scale differently than the
classical EM theory. It yields in macroscopic regimes the Newton equations with
Lorentz forces for centers of well separated charges moving with
nonrelativistic velocities. Applied to atomic scales it yields a hydrogen atom
model with a frequency spectrum matching the same for the Schrodinger model
with any desired accuracy.Comment: Manuscript was edited to improve the exposition and to remove noticed
typo
Neoclassical Theory of Elementary Charges with Spin of 1/2
We advance here our neoclassical theory of elementary charges by integrating
into it the concept of spin of 1/2. The developed spinorial version of our
theory has many important features identical to those of the Dirac theory such
as the gyromagnetic ratio, expressions for currents including the spin current,
and antimatter states. In our theory the concepts of charge and anticharge
relate naturally to their "spin" in its rest frame in two opposite directions.
An important difference with the Dirac theory is that both the charge and
anticharge energies are positive whereas their frequencies have opposite signs
Relativistic dynamics of accelerating particles derived from field equations
In relativistic mechanics the energy-momentum of a free point mass moving
without acceleration forms a four-vector. Einstein's celebrated energy-mass
relation E=mc^2 is commonly derived from that fact. By contrast, in Newtonian
mechanics the mass is introduced for an accelerated motion as a measure of
inertia. In this paper we rigorously derive the relativistic point mechanics
and Einstein's energy-mass relation using our recently introduced neoclassical
field theory where a charge is not a point but a distribution. We show that
both the approaches to the definition of mass are complementary within the
framework of our field theory. This theory also predicts a small difference
between the electron rest mass relevant to the Penning trap experiments and its
mass relevant to spectroscopic measurements.Comment: A few typos were correcte