ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF CASSIA FISTULA BARK USING HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Objective: To study the antihyperlipidemic and anti atherosclerotic activity of Cassia fistula extracts in experimentally induced atherosclerotic rats.Methods: In this study, the antihyperlipidemic activity of Cassia fistula bark was evaluated by the administration of high fat diet. Atherosclerosis was induced in wistar rats by feeding with high cholesterol diet for 21 d. Oral feeding of cholesterol (500 mg/kg b.w./day) dissolved in coconut oil (0.5 ml/rat/day) caused an elevation in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol triglycerides serum of rats.Results: Administration of Cassia fistula extracts (methanolic and ethyl acetate extract at 500 mg/kg respectively) along with high cholesterol diet reduced the raised serum level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and increased the serum HDL level as compared to the control group (High cholesterol group). Histopathology study of heart has shown decrease in myocardial degeneration and inflammation which may be attributed to the anti atherosclerotic activity of the Cassis fistula bark extracts.Conclusion: These results suggested that Cassia fistula bark possess significant antihyperlipidemic activity.Â

Pharmacognostic Standardisation And Physico-Chemical Evaluations Of Stems Of Hemipararsite Dendrophthoe Falcata Linn

ABSTRACT Pharmacognostic standardisation of the fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of the stems of Dendrophthoe falcata Linn. Was carried out to determine its macro-and microscopical characters and also some of its quantitative standards. Externally, the stems are circular in shape, woody, yellowish green in colour when fresh and become greenish black on drying. Fresh material is having characteristic and slightly astringent in taste. When transversely cut surface of stems shows yellowish brown circles of woody matter with pith. The yellowish brown circle of wood is major part and covered by dark brownish black cork. Dried stem when cut longitudinally, faint brownish, solid pith is clearly visualized. Surface of young stem part is glabrous when fresh. The chemo-microscopy revealed the presences of lignin, starch, proteins and calcium oxalate crystals. Physicochemical evaluation includes ash values, extractive values, moisture content and fluorescence analysis. These findings will be useful towards establishing pharmacognostic standards on identification, purity, quality and classification of the plant, which is gaining relevance in plant drug research

In vitro and in vivo evaluation for immunomodulatory activity of methanol extract of Sphaeranthus indicus (Linn)

The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity for methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. at different doses as 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bd.wt. in healthy wistar albino rats. The assessment of immunomodulatory activity was evaluated for humoral immunity (antibody titre, plaque forming cell assay and quantitative haemolysis of SRBC) and cellular immunity (delayed type hypersensitivity, T- cell population and drug induced myelosuppression) with antigen challenge by sheep RBCs. Methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus along with the antigen (sheep red blood cells) showed significant increase in the circulating antibody titer and the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleen at the dose of 100 mg/kg bd.wt. as compare to 200 and 400 mg/kg bd.wt. Methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus also showed significant (p < 0.01) increase in the DTH response, restoration of histological parameters, increase in lymphocytes and rosettes formation in T-cell population at dose of 400 mg/kg bd.wt. as compare to  100 and 200 mg/kg bd.wt. The present investigation reveals that Sphaeranthus indicus can be used as immunomodulator for activation of both specific and non- specific immune responses

In vitro and in vivo evaluation for immunomodulatory activity of methanol extract of Sphaeranthus indicus (Linn)

The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity for methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. at different doses as 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bd.wt. in healthy wistar albino rats. The assessment of immunomodulatory activity was evaluated for humoral immunity (antibody titre, plaque forming cell assay and quantitative haemolysis of SRBC) and cellular immunity (delayed type hypersensitivity, T- cell population and drug induced myelosuppression) with antigen challenge by sheep RBCs. Methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus along with the antigen (sheep red blood cells) showed significant increase in the circulating antibody titer and the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleen at the dose of 100 mg/kg bd.wt. as compare to 200 and 400 mg/kg bd.wt. Methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus also showed significant (p < 0.01) increase in the DTH response, restoration of histological parameters, increase in lymphocytes and rosettes formation in T-cell population at dose of 400 mg/kg bd.wt. as compare to  100 and 200 mg/kg bd.wt. The present investigation reveals that Sphaeranthus indicus can be used as immunomodulator for activation of both specific and non- specific immune responses

Periodontal disease and systemic health: A Review

Periodontal disease is an infectious disease. However, certain factors like environmental, physical, social and host stresses may affect and modify disease expression. Certain systemic disorders affecting the neutrophil, monocyte/macrophage and lymphocyte function result in altered production or activity of host inflammatory mediators which may affect the initiation and progression of gingivitis andperiodontitis. Evidence has also shed light on the converse side of the relationship between systemic health and oral health i.e. the potential effects of periodontal disease on a wide range of organ systemslike the cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive and the respiratory system. This article sheds light onthe effects of periodontal disease on different systemic conditions, the possible mechanisms involvedand the role of periodontal therapy on systemic outcomes

Diagnostic kits: An aid to periodontal diagnosis

Periodontal diseases have been diagnosed by clinical and radiographic examination traditionally, likewise the assessment of plaque using a plaque index, gingival inflammation with the bleeding on probing index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss. Recently, for more precise molecular diagnostics and treatments, chairside diagnostic kits are used. This review describes chairside diagnostic test kits available in the market that can facilitate the clinical examination and the establishment of a proper diagnosis

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY FOR METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTIS (LINN.) LEAVES

Objective: The present study was to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity for methanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Linn.) leaves. Methodology: Methanolic extract of Nyctathes arbor-tristis (MENA) was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant assay by reducing power assay and hydrogen peroxide assay and in vivo models of antihyperlipidemic study was carried out by 3 methods those are cholesterol diet, triton 100 X and fructose. The serum was collected and analyzed for lipid profile total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein. Results: Methanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg bd. wt showed significance (p < 0.01) decrease in lipid profile like TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and showed significance (p < 0.01) increase in HDL. Conclusion: Mena showed significant antihyperlipidemic activity with specific and non-specific mechanism which may be due to the presence of phytochemical constituents like phenols, triterpenoids and flavonoids. Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Hyperlipidemia, cholesterol diet, triton 100 X and fructose