Injection ranitidine induced death

Ranitidine is a histamine-2-receptor antagonist. It was a commonly used drug. It holds excellent safety record. Anaphylactic reactions to ranitidine is uncommonly encountered. Death due to ranitidine is extremely a rare event and very few cases are reported world-wide. Clinical history, Lab investigations and histological data of a 43-Years old woman with negative history of allergic events, who died suddenly after the intra-venous administration of 50mg of intravenous ranitidine which was prescribed as a routine pre medication prior hysterectomy is presented below. Though the incidence of anaphylactic reactions is less with ranitidine, precautions to be taken prior administration of the drug and when such an event is encountered it should be promptly managed

Effect of Contaminated Fish Meal Diet on Estrous Cycle, Hormones and Biochemical Changes in Ovary and Uterus of Rattus Norvegicus

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the adverse effects of consumption of contaminated fish meal diet on estrous cycle, hormones and biochemical constituents in ovary and uterus of Albino rats, Rattus norvegicus. Rats were randomly distributed into five groups (n=6), Group I served as control, while group II, III and IV received combination of fish meal ratios and group V only fish meal diet for 90 days respectively. Result revealed fish meal diet arrested the normal estrous cycle at diestrous phase and reduction in protein, glycogen, and cholesterol in ovary and increase cholesterol content in uterus of experimental groups. Gradual decrease of estrogen indicated the fall of hormonal levels in all experimental groups (p< 0.05) and increase of progesterone led to prolonged diestrous phase. These changes indicates alteration in the physiology of the animal to toxic substance in contaminated fish meal diet which has a negative implication on the reproductive performance of rat

Health Seeking Behavior among Rickshaw Pullers in Delhi and Their Acceptance of Using Mobile Phoneto Seek Health Information

Background: Rickshaw pullers of India are one among the vulnerable population in India and have no or limited access to health service and have poor health condition. Most of them are migrants and have shifted to urban cities like Delhi and Agra to earn a livelihood to support their families left behind. Low socioeconomic status, unhygienic living environment, and improper diet, lead to their health problems. As they are unable to visit their families frequently they keep in touch with them through mobile phones. Although health information seeking of the consumers through the mobile has received great attention, limited attempt has been made to understand the same in context of vulnerable population. The aim of this study is to explore the health seeking behavior of rickshaw pullers in Delhi and their acceptance towards the use of mobile phones to seek health related information Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with case studies approach conducted at two metro stations and market place where there were significant available numbers of rickshaw pullers. A sample of 75 rickshaw pullers was selected by simple random sampling. The data were collected by survey of rickshaw pullers based on semi-structured questionnaires. Results: This study found out that more than 90% of the rickshaw pullers were migrants from North Indian states and 70% had migrated more than five years ago. Regarding their health seeking behavior most of them used home based cures or consulted pharmacies and local doctors. Many were unaware of the government health facilities and the services available to them. Their intention to seek health information through mobiles and use the information was influenced by the information quality, perceived value, ease of use, method and cost of receiving information and trust on the source. Conclusion: The current study throws light on the factors affecting the mobile based health information seeking behavior of the rickshaw pullers and provides valuable insights that can be used for developing mobile health interventions for the vulnerable population. Keywords: health information, mobile phones, rickshaw pullers, health seeking behavio

Contaminated Fish Meal Diet Induces Hematological Alterations in Albino Rat, Rattus norvegicus (Album)

Fish inhabiting polluted waters accumulate various metals in tissues. The transfer of these into human beings through the food chain has adverse effects. The present study was undertaken to elicit the effect of consumption of contaminated fish meal on the hematological parameters of albino rats, Rattus norvegicus (Album). Thirty rats, weighing 45-50gms and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6), were used for this study. Group I served as control and were given normal diet, group V were given only contaminated fish meal diet while group II, III and IV were given a mixture of normal and contaminated fish meal diet in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, respectively. All experiments were carried out for 90 days. Results of blood parameters revealed significant reduction (P< 0.05) in Total erythrocyte count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) in group IV and V when compared to control. Leukocytes count showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in group IV and V. These effects may be due to the presence of heavy metals in the fish meal given to experimental rats. It is therefore concluded that consumption of fish from polluted waters is always associated with health risks

Enhancing Rice Plant Disease Recognition and Classification Using Modified Sand Cat Swarm Optimization with Deep Learning

Rice plant diseases play a critical challenge to agricultural productivity and food safety. Timely and accurate recognition and classification of these ailments are vital for efficient management of the disease. Classifying and recognizing rice plant disease by implementing Deep Learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful approach to tackle the challenges associated with automated disease diagnosis in rice crops. DL, a subfield of artificial intelligence, concentrates to train neural networks with several layers for automated learning of the complex patterns and illustrations from data. In the context of rice plant diseases, DL methods can effectually extract meaningful features from images and accurately classify them into different disease categories.&nbsp; Therefore, this study introduces a new Modified Sand Cat Swarm Optimization with Deep Learning based Rice Plant Disease Detection and Classification (MSCSO-DLRPDC) technique. The main objective of the MSCSO-DLRPDC technique focalize on the automated classification and recognition of rice plant ailments. To achieve this, the MSCSO-DLRPDC methodology involves two levels of pre-processing such as median filter-based noise removal and CLAHE-based contrast enhancement. Besides, Multi-Layer ShuffleNet with Depthwise Separable Convolution (MLS-DSC) methodology is utilized for feature extraction purposes. Moreover, the Multi-Head Attention-based Long Short-Term Memory (MHA-LSTM) methodology is utilized for the process of rice plant disease detection. At last, the MSCSO method is utilized for the tuning process of the MHA-LSTM approach. The MSCSO approach inspired by the collective behaviour of sand cats and the mutation operator, is implemented for optimizing the parameters of the MHA-LSTM network. To demonstrate the enhanced accomplishment of the MSCSO-DLRPDC method, a broad set of simulations were carried out. The extensive outputs show the greater accomplishment of the MSCSO-DLRPDC method over other methods. The proposed approach has the capability in assisting farmers and agricultural stakeholders in effectively managing rice plant diseases, contributing to improved crop yield and sustainable agricultural practices

Comparative study to assess the effectiveness of Drumstick Leaves extract Vs Ragi porridge in increasing the level of hemoglobin among women with iron deficiency anemia in selected community area at Kanchipuram district

Iron deficiency anemia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity, mortality and poor birth outcomes in developing countries. Iron Deficiency Anemia is the most common nutrition deficiency worldwide. It causes reduced work capacity in adults and impacts motor and mental development in children and adolescents and women. OBJECTIVES: 1. To identify the women with iron deficiency anemia at selected community area. 2. To administer drumstick leaves extract to group I and ragi porridge for group II. 3. To evaluate the hemoglobin level for both groups after intervention among women with iron deficiency anemia. METHODOLOGY: Research approach is an essential element of the research design which is the framework or guide used for the planning, implementation, and analysis of the study. It helps to decide about the presence or absence as well as manipulation and control over the variables. It the overall plan to test the hypothesis. This study was designed as comparative study to assess the effectiveness of ragi porridge Vs drumstick leaves extract among women with iron deficiency anemia through shali’s test. RESEARCH DESIGN: Research design in an overall plan for addressing a research question, including specifications for enhancing the study’s integrity. It directs selection of population, sampling procedure, method of measurement and plan for data collection and analysis. It maximizes control over factors that could interfere with the validity of findings. The research design guides the research in planning and implementing the study in a way that is most likely to achieve the intended goal. The research design adopted for the study was quasi experimental research design. SETTINGS: The research was conducted in Orathy and Kadamalaiputhur villages at kanchipuram district. The villages were situated 12kms distance from the college campus. POPULATION: The population comprises of reproductive age group women at the age group between 15–45 yrs, in Acharappakam community area at Kanchipuram district. SAMPLE: The study sample selected for the present study comprises of reproductive age group women with iron deficiency anemia residing in Orathy and Kadamalaiputhur in Acharappakam community area, at Kanchipuram district. SAMPLE SIZE: The sample size of the present study has 60. In that Group I – 30, Group II–30. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: The sampling technique used was non probability purposive sampling technique for the study INCLUSIVE CRITERIA: 1. Reproductive age group women diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. 2. The sample who understood and able to speak Tamil or English. 3. Women who were willing to participate. EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA: 1. Women who have normal hemoglobin level. 2. Women with other medical and surgical conditions. 3. Women with iron treatment and iron injection. 4. Menopausal Women. CONCLUSION: In the assessment of 60 samples, evaluation of hemoglobin level was done before and after the intervention among two groups. The hemoglobin level was improved in both two groups, P value < 0.05 Hence the null hypothesis was rejected. The result of the study is, there is a significant different between the effectiveness of drumstick leaves extract Vs ragi porridge in increasing hemoglobin level among women with iron deficiency anemia

Role of uricacid & hs-CRP as renal & cardiovascular risk markers in type 1 diabetic patients with low GFR

Recent studies have reported that high serum levels of uric acid and hs-CRP are strongly associated with impaired renal function and cardio vascular disease. This study aims to find out the role of uric acid & hs-CRP in detection of early renal function decline before the onset of proteinuria and detection of cardiovascular risk in type 1 Diabetic patients . METHODOLOGY: A total of 130 type 1 Diabetic patients (65 normoalbuminuric & 65microalbuminuric) were recruited in the cross sectional study. Uric acid & hs-CRP were measured by enzymatic colorimetric method & ELISA method respectively. Other metabolic parameters blood pressure, bodymassindex,HbA1c, Fasting plasma glucose, Plasma lipid profile, serum creatinine, urine albumin creatinine ratio were assessed. Estimated Glomerular filtration rate was calculated by CKD-EPI equation. RESULTS: The respective mean uric acid levels in normoalbuminuria & microalbuminuria were 3.92+/-1.59 & 4.99+/-2.48mg/dL(p-0.004) .Mean hs-CRP levels in normoalbuminuria was 1.93+/-2.14mg/L and in microalbuminuria it was 4.47+/-3.05mg/L(p<0.001). Urinary albumin creatinine ratio in normoalbuminuria was 13.64+/-7.66 and in Microalbuminuria it was 127.98+/-81.23(p <0.001).In normoalbuminuria mean GFR levels were 110.40+/-20.30ml/min and in microalbuminurics it was 100.25+/-27.12ml/min.(p-0.02). eGFR >90ml/min was present in 54.5% of normoalbuminurics & 45.5% of microalbuminurics. eGFR <90ml/min was present in 34.5% of normoalbuminurics and 65.5 % of microalbuminurics. Lower GFR was strongly & independently associated with elevated serum uric acid & increased urinary albumin creatinine ratio. hs-CRP was positively correlated with uric acid (p-0.04) and Uric acid was negatively correlated with e GFR (p-<0.001). CONCLUSION: Serum uric acid in high normal range & elevated hs-CRP levels were associated with impaired renal function in patients with type1 diabetes. Therefore it can be used as markers for detecting cardiovascular risk & early renal function decline in patients with type 1 diabetes in Indian clinical setting , where detection rate is lower & complications are higher

Screening for pod shattering in mutant population of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

Mungbean, (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) occupies a unique position in Indian agriculture and has been grown under various agro-ecological conditions. It is cultivated in 1.61mha with production of 3.38MT and productivi-ty of 474kg/ha in India. Mungbean pods are thin and brittle when dry, so shattering is a major problem. The loss of seeds by pod dehiscence is one of the major reasons for low yield in mungbean; thus, reducing the frequency of pod dehiscence is an important objective in mungbean breeding. Induced mutations, have offered a single and short alternative to conventional breeding including isolation, screening, selection and testing generation after generation. In this study, variability was induced by gamma rays and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) in two greengram geno-types viz., CO (Gg) 7 and NM 65. Screening for pod shattering was carried out in M2 and M3 populations of green-gram. The scoring for shattering was recorded at physiological maturity of the pod. The shattering percentage ranged from 14.56 (400 Gy) to 93.45 per cent (20 mM). A total of 100 shattering tolerant mutants were selected from field based on visual observation. These mutants were again scored under laboratory condition as per IITA method. A total of 12 mutants of CO (Gg) 7 and 10 mutants of NM 65 which were tolerant to pod shattering were identified in M2 generation and forwarded to M3 generation. These mutants were scored for pod shattering under laboratory con-dition and nine mutants viz., M26, M44, M46, M58, M70, M71, M84, M92 and M98 were found to be tolerant in M3 generation. This study on identification and screening of the mutants tolerant to pod shattering with high yielding potential will help to increase the production of the pods to a greater extent

A Comparative study between Misoprostol Combined with Oxytocin Versus Oxytocin Alone in reducing PPH

BACKGROUND: Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the major causes of maternal mortality globally. PPH is commonly defined as blood loss of 500ml or more within 24hours of normal vaginal delivery and loss of more than1000ml in caesarean delivery. The WHO recommends standard treatment of 10Units of intramuscular oxytocin in third stage of labour to prevent PPH. Although oxytocin is the gold standard drug in preventing PPH, it is heat sensitive and requires refrigeration to maintain its stability and potency. Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue that can be used in management of PPH. Advantages of misoprostol is that it is heat stable, can be formulated as a tablet, has long half-life, of low cost, easily available and can be easily administered. Sublingual misoprostol gets absorbed faster. This study is done with the hypothesis that combined administration of both oxytocin and misoprostol will have synergistic and additive effects in reducing postpartum blood loss. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of misoprostol combined with oxytocin versus oxytocin alone in reducing postpartum blood loss when given during Active Management of Third Stage of Labour (AMTSL). METHODOLOGY: After obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee approval, 160 term pregnant women in labour with normal antenatal history undergoing vaginal delivery were recruited and randomised into 2 groups of 80 each. Demographic details and complete history were recorded during enrolment.80 subjects in control group received 10 International Units (IU) of intramuscular oxytocin during third stage of labour and 80 subjects in study group received 600μg of sublingual misoprostol along with standard 10 IU of intramuscular oxytocin in third stage of labour. Efficacy was measured in terms of volume of blood loss during delivery, need for additional uterotonic agents and need for blood transfusion. Safety was assessed from complaints of patients, by clinical examination and by investigations. RESULTS: Mean blood loss in oxytocin group was 237ml compared to misoprostol with oxytocin group which was 187ml. Statistically significant difference was observed on comparison between groups in terms of blood loss. Adverse effects were more common with misoprostol added group, but they were self-limiting and transient. CONCLUSION: A single dose of 600μg of sublingual misoprostol as an adjunct to standard 10 units of intramuscular oxytocin will be more effective in reducing blood loss than using 10 units of intramuscular oxytocin alone during Active Management of Third Stage of Labour