Youth Rally was Great

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Effects of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Procedure: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can affect children and adults and is characterized by deficits in attention, self-regulation, and executive functioning. Symptoms can seriously affect daily functioning and may present as hyperactivity, inattentive behaviors, or a combination of both. There are data to suggest patients with ADHD suffer from increased rates of cardiovascular disease, however not much is known specifically regarding the relationship between ADHD and undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. We sought to examine this relationship in greater detail by perusing the national inpatient sample database to describe in-hospital trends and outcomes among these patients. Methods: Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database for the years 2019 and 2020. The NIS was searched for hospitalizations of adult patients who underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Out of this Cohort, ADHD patients were identified. Multivariate logistic was used to adjust for confounders. Results: This study included 181,944 patients who underwent PCI procedure, of which 518 (0.3%) patients were diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD patients who underwent a PCI procedure had higher prevalence of hypertension (40.1%% Vs 35.7%% p Conclusion: In this nationally representative population‐based retrospective cohort study, ADHD was associated with worse outcomes including developing arrhythmia, acute kidney injury and congestive heart failure exacerbation among patients who underwent PCI. We did not find any statistical difference between the two groups when it came to mortality, length of stay and total hospital charges. This is most likely due to the small sample size of patients with ADHD undergoing PCI. More research is needed in this area

Effects of NSTEMI on Patients with Eating Disorders: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample

Introduction: Eating disorders (ED) such as bulimia and anorexia nervosa have detrimental implications on the health and wellbeing of children and young adults across the country. Cardiovascular implications are known to accompany these conditions, however there is a paucity of data looking specifically on the effects of NSTEMI on patients with these disorders. We sought to analyze this relationship further by examining these disorders within the national inpatient sample database to describe in-hospital trends and outcomes among those patients. Methods: Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database for the years 2019 and 2020. The NIS was searched for hospitalizations of adult patients with eating disorder(s) with and without a concomitant diagnosis of NSTEMI using international classification of diseases-10th revision codes. Multivariate logistic was used to adjust for confounders. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges (TOTHCG). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: This study included 16,889 patients who were diagnosed with eating disorders, of which only 56 (0.3%) patients were diagnosed with NSTEMI. ED patients with NSTEMI had higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease but not statistically different compared to patients with ED only. Multivariate regression showed that patients with both ED and NSTEMI had higher inpatient mortality compared to those with ED alone (OR 1.013, CI 1.011-1.015, p Conclusion: In this nationally representative population‐based retrospective cohort study, we concluded that ED patients hospitalized with NSTEMI have increased in-hospital mortality and worse outcomes. More research is needed in this area

Life in Groups: The Roles of Oxytocin in Mammalian Sociality

In recent decades, scientific understanding of the many roles of oxytocin (OT) in social behavior has advanced tremendously. The focus of this research has been on maternal attachments and reproductive pair-bonds, and much less is known about the substrates of sociality outside of reproductive contexts. It is now apparent that OT influences many aspects of social behavior including recognition, trust, empathy, and other components of the behavioral repertoire of social species. This review provides a comparative perspective on the contributions of OT to life in mammalian social groups. We provide background on the functions of OT in maternal attachments and the early social environment, and give an overview of the role of OT circuitry in support of different mating systems. We then introduce peer relationships in group-living rodents as a means for studying the importance of OT in non-reproductive affiliative behaviors. We review species differences in oxytocin receptor (OTR) distributions in solitary and group-living species of South American tuco-tucos and in African mole-rats, as well as singing mice. We discuss variation in OTR levels with seasonal changes in social behavior in female meadow voles, and the effects of OT manipulations on peer huddling behavior. Finally, we discuss avenues of promise for future investigation, and relate current findings to research in humans and non-human primates. There is growing evidence that OT is involved in social selectivity, including increases in aggression toward social outgroups and decreased huddling with unfamiliar individuals, which may support existing social structures or relationships at the expense of others. OT’s effects reach beyond maternal attachment and pair bonds to play a role in affiliative behavior underlying “friendships”, organization of broad social structures, and maintenance of established social relationships with individuals or groups

Modulation of the DNA damage response during the life cycle of human papillomaviruses

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection. Infection with certain types of HPV pose a major public health risk as these types are associated with multiple human cancers, including cervical cancer, other anogenital malignancies and an increasing number of head and neck cancers. The HPV life cycle is closely tied to host cell differentiation with late viral events such as structural gene expression and viral genome amplification taking place in the upper layers of the stratified epithelium. The DNA damage response (DDR) is an elaborate signaling network of proteins that regulate the fidelity of replication by detecting, signaling and repairing DNA lesions. ATM and ATR are two kinases that are major regulators of DNA damage detection and repair. A multitude of studies indicate that activation of the ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) pathways are critical for HPV to productively replicate. This review outlines how HPV interfaces with the ATM- and ATR-dependent DNA damage responses throughout the viral life cycle to create an environment supportive of viral replication and how activation of these pathways could impact genomic stability

Manipulation of the Host Cell DNA Damage Pathways by Human Papillomavirus

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is thought to be the most common sexually transmitted viral infection in the United States. It poses a major public health risk since persistent infection with certain types of HPV is a major risk factor for several cancers. HPV is highly adapted for immune evasion and follows a strictly regimented life cycle in order to evade immune detection. The HPV life cycle is closely tied to host cell differentiation with late viral events, such as structural gene expression and viral genome amplification taking place in the differentiating upper layers of the epithelia, removed from immune detection. The virus accomplishes this through a complex system of host cell manipulation, and tight control of its own gene expression and genome replication This dissertation addresses how the virus, with its very limited coding capacity, has managed to commandeer the many host factors required to successfully replicate the viral genome. I specifically investigated how the virus, especially the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 interface with the ATM and ATR dependent DNA damage response (DDR), in order to create an atmosphere conducive to productive viral replication in a differentiating keratinocyte. First, we expanded on previous work that indicated the ATM DDR response was constitutively activated in HPV positive cells and necessary for successful productive viral genome replication. We determined that Nbs1, a protein involved in the ATM DDR pathway, known to be recruited to sites of HPV replication, was required for productive viral genome replication. However, we found that Nbs1 plays a role in viral genome amplification outside of its ability to activate ATM. Our evidence suggests that Nbs1 may recruit other proteins, involved in homologous repair (HR), that may be needed for productive viral replication. We next investigated how the virus may be activating the ATR DDR in order to provide other factors necessary for viral genome synthesis. Previous research has shown that the ATR DDR is activated in HPV positive cells and that levels of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) small subunit M2 (RRM2) are upregulated. In this dissertation we show that levels of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) are elevated in HPV positive cells, both prior to and post differentiation. We have found that RRM2 levels in these cells are upregulated in an ATR/Chk1/E2F1 dependent manner and that RRM2 is necessary for viral genome replication, especially upon differentiation.Doctor of Philosoph

Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation

Vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is known to be a fat soluble vitamin. We hypothesized that losing weight would thus cause an increase in serum vitamin D levels. To investigate this, a retrospective chart review was performed in which data including sex, age, race, serum Vitamin D levels, body weight and more, of 200 Rowan SOM Family Medicine patients for up to 6 doctor’s office visits each were collected. These data were then analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS. We found while there was a significant positive correlation between weight loss and serum Vitamin D levels, there was not a significant change in weight. We also found that patients that were taking Vitamin D supplements significantly raised their serum Vitamin D levels. This was not affected by any other variables such as sex, age, or race. We will perform further analysis of the data and hope our findings can be used by clinicians assisting patients losing weight