A new Late Triassic dipteridacean fern from the Paso Flores Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina

Sterile and fertile fronds of dipteridacean ferns from the Paso Flores Formation (late Norian–Rhaetian) at Cañadón de Pancho area, south of the Neuquén Province, Patagonia (Neuquén Basin), Argentina, are described. The Paso Flores Formation specimens comprise an interesting mixture of features showing a unique combination that does not fit in the diagnosis of any of the known fossil genera of Dipteridaceae. Characters such as the number and shape of primary segments in each rachial arm, the coalescence of the primary segments at the base of the frond, the distribution of sori and the number of sporangia per sori allow to differentiate the Paso Flores Formation specimens from the other genera of the family. The new genus and species, Patagoniapteris artabeae is proposed. The specimens share some frond morphological features with the fossil genera Clathropteris, Digitopteris, Thaumatopteris, Sewardalea and with some species of the Dictyophyllum, as well as the characteristic of the sori with the living species Dipteris lobbiana. The Paso Flores Formation environments developed on the western margin of Gondwana under seasonal temperate-warm and humid to sub-humid climates with a marine influence from the west. The Cañadón de Pancho assemblages are late Norian–Rhaetian in age, being the youngest fossil flora recorded from Argentinian Triassic basins to date.Fil: Gnaedinger, Silvia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Zavattieri, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin

A new taxa for dipteridaceae fronds from the paso flores formation, late triassic, Neuquén basin, Argentina

Steril and fertil fronds of dipteridacean ferns from the Paso Flores Formation (Norian) at Cañadón de Pancho area (Neuquén Basin, Argentina) are described. The morphological characteristics are: fanshaped fronds dissected in two equal and opposite rachial arms; each rachial arm bearing more than 18 primary segments. The primary segments fused up to 1/3 of the total length of the preserved lamina, and the remaining part is free, linear-lanceolate in shape, showing ondulate to deeply dissected lobes margins (less than 2/3 in length of the secondary vein). Primary and secondary veins simple, whereas tertiary veins dichotomized and forming irregularly polygonal areoles. Sori exindusiate, arranged in two regular rows on either side of the primary veins, as well as on both sides of the base of the secondary veins. Sori are round in outline, each sorus consists of 45-60 or more sporangia. Mixed maturation of sporangia. The annulus of the sporangia is oblique and complete. These specimens share some morphological features of the fronds with the fossil genera Clathropteris Brongniart, 1828, Digitopteris Pott and Bomfleur, 2018, Thaumatopteris Goeppert, 1841 and, with some species of the Dictyophyllum Lindley and Hutton, 1834 as well as in the character soral, with one the current species of Dipteris Reinwardt. The Paso Flores specimens comprise an interesting mixture of features showing a unique combination that do not fit in the circumscription of any of the known and most abundant genera of Dipteridaceae. Thus, these fossil dipterid fern fronds suggest that they belong to a new taxonomic entity.Fil: Gnaedinger, Silvia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Zavattieri, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina1° Reunión Virtual de Comunicaciones de la Asociación Paleontológica ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentinaAsociación Paleontológica Argentin

Evolución de las microfloras argentinas a través del Triásico

En Gondwana, el Período Triásico está delimitado por dos de los mayores eventos de extinción y recambio de las floras terrestres. En el límite Pérmico-Triásico, se produjo una marcada innovación florística con la desaparición de los grupos principales o mayoritarios de la Flora de Glossopteris y el subsiguiente reemplazo por la Flora de Dicroidium (con las corystospermas como dominantes) a comienzos del Triásico. Asimismo, el recambio de la vegetación acaecido en el límite Triásico-Jurásico con la extinción o acentuada declinación de grupos vegetales propios de esta última flora, fue sucedido por la Flora del Jurásico, con las Cheirolepidiaceae (coníferas) dominantes. Los eventos florísticos significativos que ocurrieron durante el Triásico están reflejados en los cambios composicionales de las ricas y diversas microfloras registradas en las cuencas sedimentarias continentales de la Argentina. Fitogeográficamente, las palinofloras del Triásico reflejan el marcado provincialismo registrado en el dominio triásico del Gondwana, el cual es particularmente obvio en asociaciones microflorísticas del Triásico Medio y Triásico Tardío de la Argentina. Éstas comparten los rasgos y distribuciones paleolatitudinales de la Microflora/Provincia Ipswich (Flora de Dicroidium) de clima templado-cálido estacional húmedo. Desde el aspecto bioestratigráfico, los estudios palinológicos en la Argentina realizados en las últimas décadas han permitido relacionar las asociaciones argentinas con las secuencias zonales registradas en Australia. Los componentes de las palinofloras del sur de América muestran similitudes con palinofloras de los depósitos continentales equivalentes de Australasia. El objetivo de los estudios de las palinofloras triásicas en la Argentina es establecer palinozonas locales en la subdivisión estratigráfica de las cuencas sedimentarias y su correlación regional. El uso de los palinomorfos como indicadores paleoclimáticos y paleoecológicos brinda una herramienta adicional para la interpretación de la evolución de las floras en su contexto paleoambiental.Simposio III: Ecosistemas triásicos, su paleobiología y el contexto de recuperación de la gran extinciónFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Sedimentary paleoenvironment and fossil plants of the El Freno Formation (Early Jurassic) in Las Leñas Valley, Neuquén Basin, Argentina

Las sucesiones continentales del Jurásico Temprano del valle de Las Leñas y su flora fósil se conocen desde fines del siglo diecinueve, aunque están poco representadas en la bibliografía. Eso nos llevó a estudiar el ambiente sedimentario y contenido paleobotánico de los afloramientos de la Fm. El Freno en los arroyos Portezuelo y Peuquenes, informar su taxonomía e interpretar sus rasgos tafonómicos. El perfil estudiado es una sucesión grano- y estratodecreciente de lentes de conglomerados y areniscas, con briznas y troncos carbonizados que registra la evolución de un sistema fluvial entrelazado gravoso (con barras longitudinales y subordinadamente transversales, canales abandonados y fuertes desniveles topográficos) hacia otro entrelazado arenoso (con barras transversales, planicies de inundación y sin evidencias de migración lateral). Ambos ríos fluyeron principalmente al NNO y muestran una acomodación creciente constante, ya sea por ascenso relativo del nivel de base y subsidencia regional, o por erosión progresiva de la topografía. Las plantas halladas comprenden Dictyophylum (Dictyophylum) sp., Goeppertella sp. (registrada por primera vez en esta unidad) y Equisetópsida indeterminadas. Estas últimas habrían prosperado en cuerpos de agua semipermanentes de canales abandonados y las Dipteridaceae, en zonas bien drenadas de la faja de canales, por encima del cauce permanente. Los árboles habrían ocupado áreas altas y bien drenadas, con suelos bien desarrollados, posiblemente fuera de la faja de canales. Considerando rasgos litoestratigráficos, la edad de los depósitos estudiados queda acotada al Hettangiano?-Sinemuriano Medio, sin poder identificar hiatos dentro de la sucesión fluvial o entre ésta y las capas marinas suprayacentes.Fil: Lanes, Silvia. Cape Town-South Africa; SudáfricaFil: Gnaedinger, Silvia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Centro de Ecologia Aplicada del Litoral (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Zavattieri, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Lezama, Luis Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; Argentin

The lacustrine system of the Mollar Formation in the Triassic Santa Clara Depocenter (Mendoza Province, Argentina)

El depocentro triásico de Santa Clara, Cuenca Cuyana, se caracteriza por espesos depósitos generados en ambiente lacustre. Uno de ellos, con un registro de más de 345 m, corresponde a la Formación Mollar. El tramo inferior a medio está caracterizado por una monótona sucesión de lutitas bituminosas acumuladas por decantación suspensiva en el ‘offshore’ anóxico de un cuerpo lacustre hidrológicamente cerrado y que muestra alto contenido de materia orgánica amorfa de origen algal y de restos de plantas terrestres muy degradadas junto a sulfuros de hierro autígenos. Intercalan areniscas finas debidas a corrientes de turbidez diluidas y carbonatos estromatolíticos. En esta sucesión se definen ciclos granocrecientes de pequeña escala (PACs) que se atribuyen a episodios de expansión-retracción lacustre controlados por cambios climáticos. Asociaciones de facies heterolíticas representan los depósitos de la transición entre los ambientes de ‘nearshore’ y ‘offshore’ lacustre. La sección superior de la Formación Mollar se compone de sucesiones pelíticas con profusa bioturbación que sugieren mayor oxigenación del sustrato y se asignan a ambiente de costa afuera de un sistema lacustre holomíctico hidrológicamente abierto. Intercalan areniscas producto de flujos hiperpicnales. Depósitos de areniscas con abundantes trazas fósiles y estructuras de olas y flujos unidireccionales, representan a sectores marginales del ambiente lacustre. Además de los ciclos de alta frecuencia, en la Formación Mollar se definen tres secuencias asimétricas de mayor escala atribuidas a episodios mayores de expansión-contracción lacustre debidos a la interacción entre factores climáticos y tectónicos. El diseño de superposición granocreciente de la Formación Mollar y la gradual transición a depósitos fluviales de la sobreyacente Formación Montaña refleja asimismo una constante reducción del espacio de acomodación sedimentaria en el depocentro de Santa Clara a medida que se produjo la acumulación de los depósitos estudiados.The Triassic Santa Clara depocenter, Cuyo Basin, is characterised by thick fine-grained deposits formed in lacustrine systems. One of them, represented by the Mollar Formation, exceeds the 345 m. The lower to middle section of this unit is dominated by a monotonous succession of black shales having a high content of amorphous organic matter produced by algae and highly degraded plant remains. These deposits were formed by suspension fallout in the anoxic ‘offshore’ sector of a hydrologically closed lake. Thin and fine-grained turbiditic beds and stromatolitic carbonates are intercalated in the fine-grained succession. Small-scale coarsening-upward cycles (PACs) are attributed to episodes of lake expansion-retraction driven by climate change. A facies association composed of an heterolithic package represents the deposits of the transition between ‘nearshore’ and ‘offshore’ settings. The upper section of the Mollar Formation essentially consists of bioturbated mudstones suggesting a greater oxygenation of the substrate. They are assigned to the ‘offshore’ environment of a holomictic hydrologically open lake system. Sporadic hyperpycnal flows are documented by intercalations of sandy turbidites. Bioturbated sandstone beds with primary structures indicative of both normal and storm wave action and unidirectional flows, represent the marginal deposits of the lacustrine system. In addition to the high-frequency cycles, three larger scale asymmetrical sequences are identified in the Mollar Formation. These sequences suggest episodes of major expansion-contraction of the lake system due to the interaction between climatic and tectonic factors. The overall shallowing up stacking pattern of the Mollar Formation and the gradual transition to fluvial deposits of the overlying Montaña Formation reflects a steady reduction of accommodation space in the Santa Clara depocenter during the accumulation of the studied succession.Centro de Investigaciones Geológica

An enigmatic arthropoda from the upper Triassic (Carnian) southwestern Gondwana (Argentina)

The presence of a new taxon, Duraznovis gallegoi new genus new species is reported and described from an early Late Triassic (Carnian) deposit in Argentina. Two specimens, recovered from the Quebrada del Durazno locality, uppermost levels of the Potrerillos Formation, Cuyana Basin (Mendoza), are represented by the molds of their shield and imprints of soft parts. The identity of these specimens appears enigmatic but closely resembles in the possession of a generalized arthropod morphology and a distinctive combination of characters, to living and fossil representatives of xiphosurans (Chelicerata) and notostracans (Branchiopoda). The new fossils are associated with a rich biota comprising abundant insects, spinicaudatans, plants, and scarce fish remains living in semipermanent swamps and/or ponds within a delta plain environment with intermittent episodes of flooding, in a warm temperate and humid megamonsoonal climate during Triassic times. In this context, we analyze the taphonomic and ecological implications of their presence. Lastly, these unique specimens at the Quebrada del Durazno locality adds to the diversity of the biota, revealing the importance of this site as an exceptional paleontological Triassic deposit.Fil: Lara, Maria Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Cariglino, Barbara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Zavattieri, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Zacarias, Iracema Anahi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentin

From the reservoir to the city: a contribution to promote the sustainable use of water

The management of reservoirs, classified as heavily modified water bodies by the Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60 of 23 October, amended in 2019), aims to achieve their good or very good ecological potential. However, the intense water use by human populations causes accentuated water level fluctuations, contributing to the disruption of the reservoirs´ littoral zone and to an accentuated increase in nutrients and suspended organic matter in the water column and preventing the achievement of good ecological potential (Moss, 2008). Besides, when a reservoir is used for urban water supply its reduced ecological potential can impact negatively the costs of water treatment supported by municipalities. Therefore, measures preventing water waste can be one of the ways to avoid large water level fluctuations in the reservoirs, allowing the achievement of the good ecological potential. Examples of these measures include: (1) assess which activities consume the most water; (2) evaluate and implement the water efficiency use and (3) implement, when possible, water reuse (4) investigate the occurrence of water loss through leakages. Serra Serrada (S. Serrada) is located on Natural Park of Montesinho (NE Portugal; latitude: 47º57’12’’N, longitude: 6º46’44’’W 1252 m a.s.l.). The total capacity of the reservoir, spreading over 25 ha, is 1680 x 103 m3. Maximum depth is 17 m and mean depth is 6.7 m. Because of the influence of Mediterranean climate precipitation occurs mainly in autumn and winter, but in a very irregular regime. This reservoir was created for urban supply to Bragança city (inhabitants). As a result of the reservoir use, the reservoir hydrological cycle was characterised by the following regime: (1) Maximum level phase, from January to the beginning of June; (2) Emptying phase, from mid June to the beginning of September; (3) Minimum level phase, from mid September to the beginning of the first autumn/winter rain events. The annual range of water level variation is between 8 and 10 m. The highest values of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, water colour and chlorophyll a were found during the minimum level phase. Therefore, reservoir is more eutrophic during the low level phase. In Bragança the water demand per year is around 2,751,884 m3. Approximately 80% of this water is for domestic consumption, the remainder for commercial and industrial purposes. Currently, the S. Serrada reservoir can supply urban supply annually, with 95% safety, around 2,100,000 m3. Thus, the water source of the S. Serrada reservoir is always complemented with other alternative supply water systems. These values indicate that might exist a wasteful water usage scenario. It is of common sense that wasteful water usage can have extremely negative impacts on ecological potential of the water bodies and increase the costs (economic and energetic) of the water supply to populations. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility for improve water use efficiency in some public buildings in Bragança. Solutions were proposed for two school centers and municipal swimming pools (e.g. regulation, placement of accessories and replacement of using devices, such as taps and showers, reuse of gray water, from washbasins, showers, washing of swimming pool filters and the use of rainwater to flush toilet bowls, as well as changing irrigation behaviors due to changes in water intensity or irrigation periods). Table 1 presents an estimate of the values of water consumed annually in the three studied buildings, based on data provided by the municipality and measured “in situ”, as well as an estimate of the annual water savings and the return on investment, associated with the solution considered more viable and that in the case of school centers (Sé and Santa Maria) promotes the use of rainwater. Despite of preliminary this study indicates that it is possible with relatively low cost and without jeopardizing the human need reduce the water consumption. Indeed, the existence of losses associated with inefficient use prevents a reduction in water consumption, desirable in a climate change scenario, in which the risk of periods of prolonged drought is increasingly becoming a reality. A decrease in the volume of water used would imply a reduction in wastewater and the financial costs associated with its treatment and also energy savings (according to APA (2012) 6 to 18% of the energy consumed in cities is due to the transport and treatment of water). In this particular case, it would also reduce the pressures in S. Serrada, minimizing the amplitudes of fluctuations in the water level. In addition to making it possible to prolong supply in the event of extreme drought, the ecological potential of S. Serrada would also benefit.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Triassic age of the continental Pular Formation, Sierra de Almeida, Antofagasta, northern Chile

In this contribution, we present a reassessment of the Pular Formation age (Sierra de Almelda, Antofagasta) that in previous papers was attributed to either the Late Paleozoic or Triassic. At Quebrada del Medio, the Pular Formation includes a 379-meter-thick stratigraphic section formed from base to top by conglomerates, sandstones, black bituminous shales and limestones, tuffaceous sandstones and a poorly welded ignimbrite that , accumulated in fluvial and lacustrine environments. A multidisciplinary study of the flora and fauna was undertaken. The existence of diagnostic Gondwana microflora and macroflora allows attributing a Middle Triassic to early Late Triassic age to the Pular Formation.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Lactarius deliciosus isolate UEZB1 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and 28S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

LOCUS JQ066791 439 bp DNA linear PLN 20-MAR-2012 DEFINITION Lactarius deliciosus isolate UEZB1 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and 28S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. ACCESSION JQ066791 VERSION JQ066791.1 GI:380467948 KEYWORDS . SOURCE Lactarius deliciosus ORGANISM Lactarius deliciosus Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Agaricomycetes; Russulales; Russulaceae; Lactarius

Improving water efficiency in a municipal indoor swimming-pool complex: a case study

This study aimed to determine the water demand of a municipal swimming pool complex to propose water use efficiency measures. Concomitantly, the possibility of recycling and reusing the water from filter backwashing was evaluated. The pools consumed 25.6% of water, the filter backwashing 24.5%, and the showers 34.7%. Despite the current impossibility of reducing water consumption in pools and filter backwashing, it is feasible to promote more efficient use of water through reducing water consumption by adopting simple water-saving initiatives for showers, taps, and flushing cisterns. These were organized into three distinct scenarios: (a) flushing cistern volume adjustment and the replacement of washbasin and kitchen taps; (b) flushing cistern volume adjustment and shower replacement and (c) flushing cistern volume adjustment, shower, washbasin, and kitchen taps replacement. Under scenarios 1, 2, and 3, the water consumption reduction was 8.0, 13.2, and 20.4%, respectively. The initial investment for scenario 1 was €2290.5, €859.0 for scenario 2 and €3149.5 for scenario 3; the annual water bill reduction was €7115.4, €11,518.1, and €17,655.9, respectively. Therefore, the turnover of the investment was four (scenario 1), one (scenario 2), and three months (scenario 3). The filter washings attained the required standard for irrigation after being subjected to 15 h of sedimentation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio