Procena in vitro aktivacije proizvodnje azot oksida kao odgovor bovinih epitelnih ćelija endometrijuma i vagine i mononuklearnih krvnih ćelija na Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium i Ureaplasma diversum

Genital mycoplasmosis is a condition present in bovine production systems, and the most important agents involved are Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum. Some aspects of their pathogenesis remain unclear. This study was designed in order to evaluate their ability to stimulate mononuclear cells from the endometrium, vagina and peripheral blood of cycling and healthy cows to produce nitric oxide (NO). Cellular cultures of endometrial, vaginal and peripheral blood cells from 33 healthy cows were cultivated with Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum originated from the 4th passage in culture broth and the NO production was measured by the Greiss reaction. Confi rmation of the presence of mononuclear cells and of the agents during and after the NO assay was done by Giemsa stained smears and further cultivation and detection by PCR reaction. Mononuclear cells from all samples produced NO. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium stimulated higher NO production than the others (p<0.05). Endometrial cells produced less NO than vaginal or blood cultured cells. In conclusion, it seems that Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Ureaplasma diversum are able to activate mononuclear cells and induce the production of NO, thus suggesting that this pathway is elicited in response to the primary infection by these agents. More studies are necessary to verify why these agents remain in the bovine reproductive tract for long periods and how they reassume deleterious effects.Genitalna mikoplazmoza je stanje koje može biti prisutno u reproduktivnom sistemu goveda, a najznačajniji agensi koji je izazivaju su Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium i Ureaplasma diversum. Neki od aspekata patogeneze nisu još uvek u potpunosti razjašnjeni. Ova studija je kreirana kako bi se procenila njihova sposobnost stimulisanja mononuklearnih ć elija iz endometrijuma, vagine i periferne krvi krava u ciklusu i zdravih krava da proizvode azotni oksid (NO). Ć elijske kulture ć elija endometrijuma, vagine i periferne krvi 33 zdrave krave uzgajane su sa Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium i Ureaplasma diversum proisteklim iz 4 pasaže u bujonu, a proizvodnja NO merena je Greiss reakcijom. Potvrda prisustva mononuklearnih ć elija, kao i infektivnih agenasa tokom i posle određivanja NO, urađena je Giemsa bojenjem na razmazima, kao i daljom kultivacijom i detekcijom PCR reakcijom. Mononuklearne ć elije iz svih uzoraka proizvodile su NO. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium stimulisala je već u proizvodnju NO od ostalih (

Logística i globalització, setembre 2012

Material docent de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.Material docente de la "Universitat Oberta de Catalunya".Learning material of the "Universitat Oberta de Catalunya"

Logística i globalització, setembre 2012

Material docent de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.Material docente de la "Universitat Oberta de Catalunya".Learning material of the "Universitat Oberta de Catalunya"

Textos sobre innovación docente en el ámbito del análisis de datos en Economía y Empresa

Esta publicación es el cuarto volumen de una colección surgida a raíz del trabajo que lleva a cabo el Grupo de Innovación Docente Consolidado de Análisis de Datos en Economía y Empresa (UB) para recopilar y difundir los trabajos relacionados con la innovación docente en el amplio universo del análisis de datos. Se trata, pues, de una publicación que pretende hacer llegar a docentes universitarios (o personas interesadas en la docencia universitaria) la investigación que se produce en este ámbito

BALANÇO ELETROLÍTICO E PROTÉICO DIETÉTICOS SOBRE AS AMINOTRANSFERASES HEPÁTICAS, RENAIS E SÉRICAS E TEORES SÉRICOS DE MAGNÉSIO E CLORO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE ELETROLÍCTIC AND PROTEIN DIET BALANCE ON AMINOTRANSFERASES ON LIVER, KIDNEY AND SERUM AND SERIC MAGNESIUM AND CHOLRIDE LEVELS IN BROILERS

&lt;p&gt;Desenvolveu-se um experimento com pintos de corte machos para o estudo dos efeitos dos níveis de 20% e 23% de proteína bruta (PB) combinados com 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 e 350 mEq/kg de balanço eletrolítico (BE) sobre o perfil da atividade das aminotransferases (AST e ALT) no tecido hepático, tecido renal e no soro, além dos níveis séricos do cloro (Cl) e magnésio (Mg) de frangos de corte de sete, quatorze e vinte e um dias de idade. O delineamento utilizado foi fatorial 2x8. Forneceram-se dietas e água ad libitum. Coletou-se o sangue, de quatro aves de cada tratamento, por punção cardíaca para separação do soro, o qual foi congelado a -200C. Após, sacrificaram-se as aves por deslocamento cervical, para remoção do tecido hepático e renal, material esse pesado e congelado em nitrogênio líquido e posteriormente homogeneizado. Centrifugou-se uma alíquota de cada amostra homogeneizada a 7.000rpm por três minutos a 4oC, para determinação das atividades das aminotransferases no sobrenadante. Níveis de PB e BE na dieta afetaram a atividade enzimática da AST no tecido renal aos sete e vinte e um dias de idade, e no soro aos sete e quatorze dias. A atividade da ALT foi alterada, aos quatorze dias no tecido renal, e aos sete e quatorze dias no soro. A concentração do íon cloro, no soro, aos quatorze dias de idade sofreu alteração pela interação dos níveis de BE e PB. A concentração do íon magnésio não foi alterada pelos níveis de PB e BE. Mostra-se, neste trabalho, um perfil dos resultados, uma vez que não há dados disponíveis na literatura. Com os resultados obtidos não se pôde correlacionar as modificações dos níveis de PB e BE com as alterações nas concentrações das enzimas ALT e AST no tecido hepático e renal, consequentemente, com as alterações metabólicas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Balanço eletrolítico, fígado, frangos, proteína dietética, frangos, soro, rim.&lt;/p&gt; An experiment was carried out with male chicks to study levels of 20 and 23% of crude protein (CP) and 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mEq/kg of electrolitic balance (EB) aminotransferases activity profile (AST and ALT) iin liver tissue, kidney tissue and serum and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), magnesium (Mg) an chloride (Cl) for broilers at seven, 14 and 21 days of age. The design used was factorial arrangement 2X8. Diets and water were fed ad libitum. The blood was collected, four birds of each treatment by cardiac puncture for separation of the serum which was frozen at -20°C and after were killed by cervical dislocation for removal of kidney and liver tissue that were weighed and frozen in liquid nitrogen and then homogenized. An aliquot of each sample was homogenized centrifuged to 7000rpm for 3 minutes at 4°C, to determine the activities of aminotransferase in the supernatant. Dietetic PB and BE levels affected AST activity in kidney tissue at seven and 21 days of age and in serum at 7 and 14 days, the activity of ALT, at 14 days in kidney tissue and at 7 and 14 days in serum. The serum chloride concentration in 14 days of age was altered by interaction of BE and CP levels. The magnesium concentration was not altered by BE and PB levels. A profile is observed, and it is not available a great amount of results. With the results obtained, it is not possible to correlacionate modifications of CP and EB wtih enzyme activities in kidney and renal tissues, consequently, metabolic alterations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KEY WORDS: Broilers, electrolyte balance, diet protein, liver and kidney, serum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt

Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core-related antigen kinetics after adding pegylated-interferon to nucleos(t)ids analogues in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients

Background: Hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B patients under nucleos(t)ids analogues (NAs) rarely achieve hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss. Aim: To evaluate if the addition of pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) could decrease HBsAg and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) levels and increase HBsAg loss rate in patients under NAs therapy. Methods: Prospective, non-randomized, open-label trial evaluating the combination of Peg-IFN 180 µg/week plus NAs during forty-eight weeks vs NAs in monotherapy. Hepatitis B e antigen-negative non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients of a tertiary hospital, under NAs therapy for at least 2 years and with undetectable viral load, were eligible. Patients with hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus or human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and liver transplanted patients were excluded. HBsAg and HBcrAg levels (log10 U/mL) were measured at baseline and during ninety-six weeks. HBsAg loss rate was evaluated in both groups. Adverse events were recorded in both groups. The kinetic of HBsAg for each treatment group was evaluated from baseline to weeks 24 and 48 by the slope of the HBsAg decline (log10 IU/mL/week) using a linear regression model. Results: Sixty-five patients were enrolled, 61% receiving tenofovir and 33% entecavir. Thirty-six (55%) were included in Peg-IFN-NA group and 29 (44%) in NA group. After matching by age and treatment duration, baseline HBsAg levels were comparable between groups (3.1 vs 3.2) (P = 0.25). HBsAg levels at weeks 24, 48 and 96 declined in Peg-IFN-NA group (-0.26, -0.40 and -0.44) and remained stable in NA group (-0.10, -0.10 and -0.10) (P < 0.05). The slope of HBsAg decline in Peg-IFN-NA group (-0.02) was higher than in NA group (-0.00) (P = 0.015). HBcrAg levels did not change. Eight (22%) patients discontinued Peg-IFN due to adverse events. The HBsAg loss was achieved in 3 (8.3%) patients of the Peg-IFN-NA group and 0 (0%) of the NA group. Conclusion: The addition of Peg-IFN to NAs caused a greater and faster decrease of HBsAg levels compared to NA therapy. Side effects of Peg-IFN can limit its use in clinical practice