The role of TNF-αand NFkβin an experimental model of intestinal carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethyhydrazine

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the potential of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) as colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers in an experimental model of intestinal carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethyhydrazine (1,2-DMH). Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: sham and 1,2-DMH. First, 1,2-DMH (20 mg/kg/week) was administered for 15 consecutive weeks. In the 25th week, proctocolectomy was conducted. Histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression of TNF-α and NF-κB were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism. The location of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis’ test. For analyses with two groups with parametric data, the t-test was used; for non-parametric data, the Mann-Whitney’s test was used. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The number of ACF and macroscopic lesions was significantly higher (p < 0.5) in the 1,2-DMH group compared to the sham group, and most ACF were concentrated in the distal segment of the colon. There was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.5) in protein and gene expression of TNF-α and NF-κB in the 1,2-DMH group compared to the sham group. Conclusions: Our results provide supportive evidence that TNF-α and NF-κB pathways are strongly involved in CRC development in rats and might be used as early biomarkers of CRC pathogenesis in experimental studies

Oils mixes Omega 9, 6 and 3 in rats subjected to thermal burn

No presente estudo foram utilizadas misturas de Ãleos em concentraÃÃes nutracÃuticas com razÃo de &#969;6:&#969;3 baixa que favorece uma aÃÃo antiinflamatÃria e a razÃo de &#969;9:&#969;6 alta com aÃÃo antioxidante. O objetivo do estudo foi estudar os efeitos das misturas de Ãleos de &#969;9, &#969;6 e &#969;3 na queimadura tÃrmica e avaliar se as fontes de &#969;3 (ALA, EPA ou DHA) interferem nos efeitos das misturas na queimadura. Foram utilizados 36 ratos Wistar, distribuÃdos em 6 grupos: Ãgua, queimado + Ãgua [Q + Ãgua], queimado + isolipÃdico [Q + Iso], queimado + mistura de Ãleos 1 [ALA], queimado + mistura de Ãleos 2 [ALA+EPA+DHA de peixe] e queimado + mistura de Ãleos &#969;3[ALA+DHA de algas marinhas] com seis animais em cada grupo. Realizada queimadura por conduÃÃo direta causando lesÃo de espessura total do dorso dos animais, em seguida admininstrada por via orogÃstrica as misturas de Ãleos por sete dias. Avaliada a lesÃo cutÃnea por macroscopia (planimetria digital), microscopia, imunohistoquimica (anti-Ki-67, anti-NF&#954;B, anti-HSP 27 e anti-HNEJ) e painel de citocinas (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-alpha, INF-gama e CSF-GM). Na macroscopia os ratos que receberam a mistura 3 apresentaram menor Ãrea de lesÃo, assim como as misturas 1, 2 e isolipÃdica quando comparadas com a Ãgua. Na microscopia apenas os animais que receberam a mistura 3 (ALA+DHA de algas marinhas) apresentaram menor extensÃo da lesÃo em relaÃÃo a Ãgua. Ao avaliar o Ki-67 a mistura 3 induziu aumento da proliferaÃÃo celular em relaÃÃo aos demais grupos. Apenas a mistura 3 foi capaz de inibir NF&#954;B. NÃo houve diferenÃa entre os grupos em relaÃÃo a HSP 27, HNEJ e painel de interleucina. A mistura de Ãleos &#969;3, na qual a fonte à ALA+DHA de algas marinhas, tem efeitos de: inibir o NFkB, aumentar a proliferaÃÃo celular, reduzir Ãrea de lesÃo e extensÃo da queimadura

Effects of Rut-bpy (Cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(NO)]PF 6), a novel nitric oxide donor, in L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats Efeitos do Rut-bpy (Cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(NO)]PF 6), um novo doador de óxido nítrico, na hipertensão induzida com L-NAME em ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of Rut-bpy (Cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(NO)]PF 6), a novel nitric oxide donor in N&#969;-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=6), named according to the treatment applied (G1-Saline, G2-Rut-bpy, G3-L-NAME and G4-L-NAME+Rut-bpy). L-NAME (30 mg/Kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the administration of Rut-bpy (100 mg/Kg). Mean abdominal aorta arterial blood pressure (MAP) was continuously monitored. RESULTS: Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in G3 rats rose progressively, reaching 147±16 mmHg compared with 100±19 mm Hg in G1 rats (p<0.05). In G4 rats, treated with L-NAME+Rut-bpy, MAP reached 149+11 mm Hg while in G2 rats, treated with Rut-bpy, MAP values were 106±11 mm Hg. In G1 rats these values decreased progressively reaching 87+14 mm Hg after 30 minutes. An important finding was the maintenance of the MAP throughout the experiment in G2 rats. CONCLUSION: Rut-bpy does not decrease the MAP in L-Name induced hypertensive rats. However, when it is used in anesthetized hypotensive rats a stable blood pressure is obtained.<br>OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeitos do Rut-bpy (Cis-[Ru (bpy)2(SO3)(NO)] PF6), um novo doador de óxido nítrico, em ratos hipertensos induzidos pelo éster metílico de N-nitro-L-arginina (L-NAME). MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n = 6), nomeados de acordo com o tratamento aplicado (G1-Salina, G2-Rut-bpy, G3-L-NAME e G4-L-NAME+Rut -bpy). L-NAME (30 mg / Kg) foi injetado por via intraperitoneal 30 minutos antes da administração de Rut-bpy (100 mg / kg). A pressão arterial média (PAM) da aorta abdominal foi monitorada continuamente. RESULTADOS: A pressão arterial média (PAM) em ratos do grupo G3 subiu progressivamente, chegando a 147 ±16 mm Hg, em comparação com 100 ±19 mm Hg em ratos do G1 (p <0,05). Em ratos G4, tratados com L-NAME + Rut-bpy, a PAM atingiu 149±11 milímetros de Hg, enquanto no G2 (ratos tratados com Rut bpy) os valores da PAM foram 106 ±11 mm Hg. No G1 esses valores decresceram progressivamente, atingindo 87±14 mm Hg após 30 minutos. Um achado importante foi a manutenção da PAM durante todo o experimento em ratos do grupo G2. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de Rut bpy não diminui a PAM em ratos hipertensos por L-NAME. No entanto, quando ele é usado em ratos anestesiados, hipotensos, uma pressão arterial estável é obtida

Preconditioning with oil mixes of high ratio Omega-9: Omega-6 and a low ratio Omega-6:Omega-3 in rats subjected to brain ischemia/reperfusion Pré-condicionamento com misturas de óleos com Ômega-9: Ômega-6 (alta relação) e Ômega-6:Ômega-3 (baixa relação) em ratos submetidos à isquemia/reperfusão cerebral

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the effects of preconditioning with mixtures of oils containing high/low ratio of &#969;-6/&#969;-3 and &#969;-9/&#969;-6, respectively, in an experimental model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly distributed into two groups: control (n=24) and test (n=18). Control group was subdivided in 4 subgroups (n=6): G1: Sham-Water; G2: I/R-Water; G3: Sham-Isolipidic and G4: I/R-Isolipid. The animals received water or a isolipid mixture containing &#969;-3 oils (8:1 ratio) and &#969;-9/&#969;-6 (0.4:1 ratio) by gavage for seven days. Test group included 3 subgroups (n=6) G5: I/R-Mix1, G: 6 I/R-Mix2 and G7: I/R-Mix3. Test group animals received oily mixtures of &#969;-3 (1.4:1 ratio) and &#969;-6 (3.4:1 ratio), differing only in source of &#969;-3: G5 (alpha-linolenic acid); G6 (alpha-linolenic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids), and G7 (alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids). On day 7 I/R rats underwent cerebral ischemia with bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries for 1 hour followed by reperfusion for 3 hours. G1 and G3 animals underwent sham operation. Concluded the experiment, animals were decapitated and their brains sliced for red neurons (RN) count in CA3 area of the hippocampus. Variables were compared using ANOVA-Tukey test. RESULTS: The use of different mix preparations promoted a decrease in red cell count in all three groups (G5/G6/G7), compared with G2/G4, confirming the protective effect of different oil blends, regardless of &#969;-3 source. CONCLUSION: Pre-conditioning with mixtures of oils containing high ratio &#969;-6/&#969;-3 and low &#969;-9/&#969;-6 relationship protects brain neurons against I/R injury in an experimental model.<br>OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do pré-condicionamento com misturas de óleos contendo relação alta/baixa de &#969;-6/&#969;-3 e &#969;-9/&#969;-6, respectivamente, em um modelo experimental de isquemia/reperfusão (I/R) cerebral. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e dois ratos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: controle (n=24) e teste (n=18). Grupo controle foi subdividido em quatro subgrupos (n=6): G1: Sham-Água; G2: I/R-Água; G3: Sham-Isolipídico e G4: I/R-Isolipídico. Os animais receberam água ou uma mistura isolipidica contendo &#969;-6/&#969;-3 óleos (8:1) e &#969;-9/&#969;-6 (0,4:1) por gavagem, durante sete dias. O grupo teste incluiu três subgrupos (n=6) G5: I/R-Mix1, G: 6 I/R-Mix2 e G7: I/R-Mix3. Animais do grupo teste receberam de misturas de óleos &#969;-6/&#969;-3 (1,4:1) e &#969;-9/&#969;-6 (3,4:1), diferindo apenas na fonte de -3: G5:alpha-linolênico; G6: ácidos alpha-linolênico, eicosapentaenóico e docosahexaenóico e G7:ácidos alpha-linolênico e docosahexaenóico. No 7º dia os grupos I/R foram submetidos à isquemia cerebral (1h) por oclusão bilateral das artérias carótidas comuns seguida de reperfusão (3h). Ratos G1 e G3 foram submetidos à operação simulada. Concluído o experimento, os animais foram decapitados e seus cérebros fatiados para contagem dos neurônios vermelhos na área CA3 do hipocampo. As variáveis foram comparadas pelo teste de ANOVA-Tukey. RESULTADOS: A utilização de diferentes misturas de óleos promoveu uma diminuição na contagem de células vermelhas nos grupos G5/G6/G7, em comparação com G2/G4, confirmando o efeito protetor das misturas de óleos, independentemente da origem de &#969;-3. CONCLUSÃO: O pré-condicionamento com misturas de óleos contendo alta proporção de &#969;-6/&#969;-3 e baixa proporção de &#969;-9/&#969;-6 protege os neurônios cerebrais da lesão de I/R em um modelo experimental

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data