evolution, structure and function of metazoan splicing factor PRPF39

In the yeast U1 snRNP the Prp39/Prp42 heterodimer is essential for early steps of spliceosome assembly. In metazoans no Prp42 ortholog exists, raising the question how the heterodimer is functionally substituted. Here we present the crystal structure of murine PRPF39, which forms a homodimer. Structure-guided point mutations disrupt dimer formation and inhibit splicing, manifesting the homodimer as functional unit. PRPF39 expression is controlled by NMD-inducing alternative splicing in mice and human, suggesting a role in adapting splicing efficiency to cell type specific requirements. A phylogenetic analysis reveals coevolution of shortened U1 snRNA and the absence of Prp42, which correlates with overall splicing complexity in different fungi. While current models correlate the diversity of spliceosomal proteins with splicing complexity, our study highlights a contrary case. We find that organisms with higher splicing complexity have substituted the Prp39/Prp42 heterodimer with a PRPF39 homodimer

Root canal pre-treatment and adhesive system affect bond strength durability of fiber posts ex vivo

Objectives: To investigate the effect of different pre-treatments on the long-term bond strength of fiberglass posts luted either with dual-curing self-etch adhesives and core build-up composites or with a self-adhesive resin (SAR) cement. Materials and methods: In total, 180 human root-filled teeth received post-space preparations and three different dentin pre-treatments (PTs): PT1, ethanol (99%); PT2, ethanol-tertiary-butanol-water-solution (AH Plus Cleaner, Dentsply Sirona; York, USA); and PT3, distilled water (control). Five luting systems were used: FU, Futurabond U (Voco; Cuxhaven, Germany); CL, Clearfil DC Bond (Kuraray Noritake; Okayama, Japan); GR, Gradia Core SE Bond (GC Europe NV; Leuven, Belgium); LU, LuxaBond Universal (DMG; Hamburg, Germany); and RX, RelyX Unicem 2 (3M; Minnesota, USA). Roots were cut into six slices (1 mm thick). From each root canal region, three slices were submitted to immediate and three to post-storage push-out testing. The latter were subjected to thermocycling (5–55°C, 6.000 cycles) and stored for six months in saline solution (0.9%, 37°C). Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and chi-square tests (MV±SD). Results: Bond strength was significantly affected by material (p<0.0005), pre-treatment (p=0.016), and storage (p<0.0005; repeated-measures ANOVA). LU (18.8±8.1MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength than RX (16.08±6.4MPa), GR (15.1±4.6MPa), CL (13.95±5.2MPa), and FU (13.7±6.3MPa). PT1 (16.5±6.9MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength than PT3 (14.5±5.7MPa). Conclusions: A universal adhesive in self-etch mode combined with a core build-up material revealed higher bond strength than a SAR cement, both interacted positively with Ethanol pre-treatment. Clinical relevance statement: Ethanol (99%) rinsing can be recommended as part of post and core pre-treatment for the investigated luting systems

Transstadial Transmission and Replication Kinetics of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 in Laboratory Reared Ixodes ricinus Ticks

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne agent that has also been isolated from several tick species. Vector competence of Ixodes ricinus, one of the most common tick species in Europe, has been poorly investigated for WNV to date. As such, to evaluate the vector competence, laboratory reared Ixodes ricinus nymphs were in vitro fed with WNV lineage 1 infectious blood, allowed to molt, and the resulting females artificially fed to study the virus transmission. Furthermore, we studied the kinetics of WNV replication in ticks after infecting nymphs using an automatic injector. Active replication of WNV was detected in injected nymphs from day 7 post-infection until 28 dpi. In the nymphs infected by artificial feeding, the transstadial transmission of WNV was confirmed molecularly in 46.7% of males, while virus transmission during in vitro feeding of I. ricinus females originating from infected nymphs was not registered. The long persistence of WNV in I. ricinus ticks did not correlate with the transmission of the virus and it is unlikely that I. ricinus represents a competent vector. However, there is a potential reservoir role that this tick species can play, with hosts potentially acquiring the viral agent after ingesting the infected ticks

E-Learning como método de enseñanza del inglés en entorno visual

El Trabajo Fin de Grado que propongo, pretende dar una visión de cómo el aprendizaje puede ir adaptándose a las diferentes circunstancias de la vida, modernizándose y cambiando según el avance de las nuevas tecnologías, pero manteniendo sus orígenes con algo como el juego que tanto favorece el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las aulas. Para ello, propongo una unidad didáctica enfocada al aprendizaje de la lengua inglesa que la gamificación y metodologías online que hacen que el alumno se sienta motivado y trabaje de manera individual desde diferentes localizaciones, por esto último he creado una página web en la que encontrar diferentes actividades, todas ellas online, en las que el alumno poco a poco irá resolviendo un asesinato.<br /

La enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera en Educación Primaria en Finlandia

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo conocer cómo y por qué los niños finlandeses tienen un nivel de inglés tan elevado una vez finalizada su escolaridad en la etapa de Primaria, siendo que empiezan a cursar dicho idioma por primera vez en tercer curso. Se empieza por una contextualización del país en el que se desarrolla el estudio, Finlandia; a continuación, se realiza una aproximación teórica del objeto de estudio y por último, se lleva a cabo un trabajo de campo que permita un acercamiento al problema de investigación. El estudio de caso se ha realizado a través de un cuestionario que consta de diez preguntas dirigido a alumnos finlandeses de sexto curso de Primaria de dos centros educativos localizados en Helsinki. Se ha utilizado un análisis de datos cuantitativo ya que se han obtenido porcentajes concretos de cada pregunta y posteriormente la elaboración de gráficos correspondientes a cada una de ellas. La conclusión más destacada es que el inglés está muy presente en el entorno de la mayoría de los alumnos encuestados

Predictors of residual disease after loop electrosurgical excision procedure

The study aims to evaluate the importance of resection margins in the risk of residual disease (RD) and to investigate other factors that could potentially predict RD before patients engage in follow-up. Eighty-six women with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN) treated by loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), were included in this retrospective study, between January 2015 and May 2016. Age, smoking habit, menopause status, and LEEP margins were evaluated as possible predictors of RD. The mean age at diagnosis was 35.8 years (range 18-61). The mean follow-up period was 12 months. 11.6% of patients (09/86) were lost in follow-up. 64% of patients (55/86) had clear margins in the specimen and 34.8% of patients had positive surgical margins (30/86). In 1.2% of patients (01/86) the resection margins were uncertain. RD was demonstrated by positive Pap Smear and by colposcopy-guided biopsy in 26.7% of patients (23/86). We found significant differences in the frequency of RD depending on the status of margins: 65.2% of cases with positive margins vs. 24.5% of cases with negative margins (p&lt;0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that only high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL) detection in cervical biopsy and status of the LEEP margins were significantly predictive of RD (OR 5.4, 95%CI 1.08-27.7, p&lt;0.05 and OR 7.05, 95%CI 2.1-23.1, p=0.001; respectively). The combination of histological examination of resection margins plus H-SIL detection in cervical biopsy would help to classify LEEP-treated patients into categories of different risk levels of residual disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.117370

O exercício da domesticação no processo tradutório de Mein kleiner Zeh war ein Wort, de Yoko Tawada

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os problemas encontrados durante o processo tradutório da obra dramática Mein kleiner Zeh war ein Wort, escrita em alemão pela autora japonesa Yoko Tawada, durante as disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado I e II, bem como uma análise detalhada das escolhas lexicais feitas com o intuito de adaptar e domesticar o texto para o público-alvo brasileiro. Para justificar tais escolhas, o apoio teórico foi buscado principalmente nos conceitos de manipulação e domesticação da língua descritos por Lefevere e Venuti, e em artigos de tradutores brasileiros renomados reunidos em coletânea no livro “Palavra de Tradutor: reflexões sobre tradução por tradutores brasileiros”, organizado por Marcia A. P. Martins e Andréia Guerinie publicado pela editora da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, em 2018.Der vorliegende Artikel hat zum Ziel, die im Übersetzungsprozess des dramatischen Werkes "Mein kleiner Zeh war ein Wort" aufgetretenen Probleme vorzustellen. Das Werk wurde auf Deutsch von der japanischen Autorin Yoko Tawada verfasst und im Rahmen der Praktika I und II behandelt. Zudem wird eine detaillierte Analyse der lexikalischen Entscheidungen präsentiert, die darauf abzielten, den Text für das brasilianische Zielpublikum anzupassen und zu domestizieren. Zur Begründung dieser Entscheidungen wurde vor allem auf die Konzepte der Sprachmanipulation und -domestizierung von Lefevere und Venuti sowie auf Artikel renommierter brasilianischer Übersetzer in der Sammlung "Palavra de Tradutor: reflexões sobre tradução por tradutores brasileiros" zurückgegriffen, herausgegeben von Marcia A. P. Martins und Andréia Guerini und veröffentlicht vom Verlag der Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina im Jahr 2018