Entendendo a agitação psicomotora na sociedade brasileira: revisão de literatura

Introduction: Psychomotor agitation is a characteristic feature characterized by intense arousal, involving both psychological and motor aspects. This condition can manifest in various ways and is often associated with various mental and neurological disorders. Methodology: This literature review employed a systematic approach to identify relevant studies on psychomotor engineering in hospital settings in Brazil. The descriptors used were Psychomotor Agitation, Psychomotor Hyperactivity, Brazil, Hospitals, Psychiatric. The search was conducted in the PUBMED database, using the search filter for the last 10 years. Result: In the context of non-pharmacological management of the agitated patient, recommendations emphasize the importance of following a line of interventions, prioritizing less invasive measures before resorting to more coercive approaches. The process begins with directing the patient to a secure environment, providing a fundamental basis for improvement management. Conclusion: Psychomotor improvement is a symptom that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Understanding the underlying causes and implementing an appropriate therapeutic approach are essential for the effective management of this state. The support of mental health professionals is crucial to assist in both the assessment and treatment of this complex condition.Introdução: A agitação psicomotora é uma característica que se caracteriza por uma intensa intensa, envolvendo tanto aspectos psicológicos quanto motores. Esta condição pode se manifestar de várias maneiras e está frequentemente associada a diversos transtornos mentais e neurológicos. Metodologia: Esta revisão bibliográfica utilizou uma abordagem sistemática para identificar estudos relevantes sobre engenharia psicomotora em contextos hospitalares no Brasil. Os descritores utilizados foram Psychomotor Agitation, Psychomotor Hyperactivity, Brazil, Hospitals, Psychiatric. A busca foi conduzida na base de dados PUBMED, utilizando o filtro de pesquisa nos últimos 10 anos. Resultado: No contexto do manejo não farmacológico do paciente agitado, as recomendações ressaltam a importância de seguir uma linha de intervenções, priorizando medidas menos invasivas antes de recorrer a abordagens mais coercitivas. O processo inicia com o encaminhamento do paciente para um ambiente protegido, proporcionando uma base fundamental para a gestão da melhoria. Conclusão: A melhoria psicomotora é um sintoma que pode impactar significativamente a qualidade de vida de uma pessoa. A compreensão das causas subjacentes e a implementação de uma abordagem terapêutica adequada são essenciais para o manejo eficaz desse estado. O suporte de profissionais de saúde mental é fundamental para auxiliar tanto na avaliação quanto no tratamento dessa condição complexa

Enalapril in combination with benznidazole reduces cardiac inflammation and creatine kinases in mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi triggers an inflammatory process in mammalian heart causing events such as fibrosis, changes in the architecture and functionality in this organ. Enalapril, an angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitor, is a drug prescribed to ameliorate this heart dysfunction, and appears to exert a potential role in immune system regulation. Our aim was to evaluate the chronic cardiac inflammatory parameters after therapeutic treatment with enalapril and benznidazole in C57BL/6 mice infected with the VL-10 strain of T. cruzi. After infection, animals were treated with oral doses of enalapril (25 mg/kg), benznidazole (100 mg/kg), or both during 30 days. Morphometric parameters and levels of chemokines (CCL2, CCL5), IL-10, creatine kinases (CKs), and C-reactive protein were evaluated in the heart and serum at the 120th day of infection. Enalapril alone or in combination with benznidazole did not change the number of circulating parasites, but reduced cardiac leukocyte recruitment and total collagen in the cardiac tissue. Interestingly, the combination therapy (enalapril/benznidazole) also reduced the levels of chemokines, CK and CK-MB, and C-reactive proteins in chronic phase. In conclusion, during the chronic experimental T. cruzi infection, the combination therapy using enalapril plus benznidazole potentiated their immunomodulatory effects, resulting in a low production of biomarkers of cardiac lesions

A High-Fat Diet Exacerbates the Course of Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infection That Can Be Mitigated by Treatment with Simvastatin

The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is responsible for triggering a damage immune response in the host cardiovascular system. This parasite has a high affinity for host lipoproteins and uses the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor for its invasion. Assuming that the presence of LDL cholesterol in tissues could facilitate T. cruzi proliferation, dietary composition may affect the parasite-host relationship. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate myocarditis in T. cruzi-infected C57BL/6 mice—acute phase—fed a high-fat diet and treated with simvastatin, a lipid-lowering medication. Animals (n=10) were infected with 5×103 cells of the VL-10 strain of T. cruzi and treated or untreated daily with 20 mg/kg simvastatin, starting 24 h after infection and fed with a normolipidic or high-fat diet. Also, uninfected mice, treated or not with simvastatin and fed with normolipidic or high-fat diet, were evaluated as control groups. Analyses to measure the production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), interferon- (IFN-) γ, interleukin- (IL-) 10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); total hepatic lipid dosage; cholesterol; and fractions, as well as histopathological analysis, were performed on day 30 using cardiac and fat tissues. Our results showed that the high-fat diet increased (i) parasite replication, (ii) fat accumulation in the liver, (iii) total cholesterol and LDL levels, and (iv) the host inflammatory state through the production of the cytokine TNF. However, simvastatin only reduced the production of CCL2 but not that of other inflammatory mediators or biochemical parameters. Together, our data suggest that the high-fat diet may have worsened the biochemical parameters of the uninfected and T. cruzi-infected animals, as well as favored the survival of circulating parasites