Movilización social en la Galicia rural del Tardofranquismo (1960-1977).

El objetivo de este texto es el estudio de las formas organizadas de conflictividad en el mundo rural gallego durante el Tardofranquismo y la Transición. Se estudia el conflicto fiscal en torno a la Cuota Empresarial de la Seguridad Social Agraria y las luchas campesinas contra la construcción de embalses. Se han empleado fuentes hemerográficas, documentación institucional, legislación y fuentes orales, que han sido analizadas aplicando la teoría de los marcos de acción colectiva. El trabajo concluye, primero, que para la conflictividad vinculada a la construcción de embalses no se puede hablar de movimiento social porque no se detecta la actuación de los tres marcos de movilización. Segundo, que durante el franquismo existieron en el campo gallego manifestaciones de descontento anteriores a las décadas de 1960 y 1970 que actuaron como sustrato de los dos tipos de conflictos aquí analizados. Tercero, que la protesta campesina combina nuevas y «viejas» formas de protesta. Por último, se reinterpreta el papel de los agentes externos (organizaciones políticas y sindicales clandestinas) en la conflictividad rural.In this text the organized forms of conflict in rural Galicia during late Francoism and the Transition are studied, in particular the fiscal conflict surrounding the Business Quotas of the Rural Social Security system, and the fight against the construction of reservoirs. The article concludes, firstly, that we cannot speak of social movement to refer to the conflict on the construction of reservoirs since no interaction between the three frameworks of mobilization has been detected. Secondly, during Franco's regime, manifestations of dissatisfaction existed in rural Galicia prior to the 1960’s and 1970’s that acted as a substratum of both types of conflict here analyzed. Thirdly, the multifaceted character of the peasantry’s repertoire of protest is demonstrated, capable of combining new and old forms of protest

Students’ experiences of university social responsibility and perceptions of satisfaction and quality of service

The principal aim of this paper is to identify the factors that define students’ perceptions of university social responsibility (USR) in a Spanish university, and analyse the impact of that view on their perceptions of satisfaction and quality of service. Particularly, it is hypothesized that the overall perception of university social responsibility has a positive effect on students’ experiences of satisfaction, partially mediated by the assessment regarding the quality of university services. In doing that, a self-report study was conducted with a total sample of 400 undergraduate students of the University of León, in Spain. Structural equation modeling with PLS was used to test the students’ overall perception of USR in order to achieve higher standards of quality of service and satisfaction. Results supported a structure of six factors explaining students’ views regarding university social responsibility, of which only internal management affects the overall perception. Likewise, quality of service and satisfaction are strongly correlated among them. Implications of these findings for marketing in university settings are discussed.Keywords: University social responsibility, public marketing, higher education, satisfaction, quality of service, Spain</p

Public Policies for ICT Update In Business: Some Key Indicators for Spain in the European Area

Purpose—Based on the new face of business in the twenty first century, this general review is aimed at analyzing the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) as social technologies by Spanish enterprises in the European context, as a result of recent policy frameworks set at communitarian and national levels. Design/methodology/approach—The paper reviews the guidelines marked by European common policies with regards to ICT update in business, just as the translation of such standards in the Spanish area. From this framework, implications of ICT adoption in the social relationships with consumers, employees, business partners and public authorities are analyzed by providing some figures in the Spanish context in comparison with the European average.Findings—The analysis supports a positive effect of national policies on Spanish enterprises’ use of social technologies in the interactions with their internal and external stakeholders, while some differences can be reported attending size and sector criteria. In this respect, ICT penetration seems to be widespread in Spanish enterprises longer than ten employees, specially within informatics, telecommunications and audiovisuals, whereas automation of interactions is moderated in micro-enterprises in the manufacture, building, retailing, and transportation sectors.Research limitations/implications—The paper offers a general overview of the use of ICT as social technologies in Spanish enterprises based on public reports. However, further research should be oriented to analyze more in deep the impact of public policies on ICT adoption and usage in business, by explaining their determining factors and comparing different clusters of counties and major regions of the world.Practical implications—The analysis reported point to the need of reinforcing the Spanish positioning in the ICT European sector in the long term. In this sense, future policy measures should be devoted to overcome barriers to more advanced ICT use in business, by fostering the generation of technological solutions adapted to different business models, increasing e-skills enhancing, and facilitating the access to financing sources.Originality/Value—This paper offers an alternative analysis of ICT deployment in the European and Spanish business sectors based on the discussion of how surrounding enterprises are driven to restructure the way which information is generated and shared inside and outside them, thus defining a new way of technology mediated social transactions with clients, employees and external stakeholders

Are crews empowered with all the resources needed to successfully address an inflight emergency? Checklists, a necessary but insufficient tool

[EN] Although safety in aviation has increased exponentially in recent decades, sadly, plane crashes will always be associated with the operation of the aviation world. The efforts should be directed towards the pursuit of “zero accidents”, providing aircrews with the necessary resources to minimize risks. One of the most important flight operation resources used in aviation is the checklist. However, when faced with an emergency, the crew cannot always make use of them, either because the huge diversity of potential emergencies does not allow to collect all of them in these manuals, or because the time available to react is so short that it makes it impossible to utilize them. This paper shows how aircraft checklists are a necessary but insufficient tool to solve complex, unpredictable, and novel emergencies. Furthermore, based on successfully solved critical events, the authors suggest the implementation of specific techniques for the learning and development of problem-solving programs focused on innovation and divergent thinking to decision making, as part of flight training, in order to increase the crews’ capability to face such emergencies.S

Self‐determination, clean conscience, or social pressure? Underlying motivations for organic food consumption among young millennials

[EN] The present world has led in individuals to become ever more interested in the consumption of organic food. Accordingly, companies are incorporating these worries in their managerial decisions by paying special attention to market segmentation. In this context, a relevant target audience is that conformed by young Millennials, a group defined by its growing purchase power, its intense influence on societies, but also by its inconsistency in terms of pro-environmental behaviors. In order to understand the mechanisms that rule the human behavior, motivations emerge as fair predictors of sustainable products consumption. Therefore, the present study aims at analyzing the motivations that stimulate young Millennials to purchase organic food. Hence, itwas conducted a survey study with a total sample of 378 college students. After-wards, once executed a cluster analysis, four differentiated groups were highlighted: amotivated (23.02%), who have no intention to perform any sort of organic purchase; socially-influenced (24.34%), motivated to purchase organic due to social acceptance; self-determined (25.92%), mainly autonomous in their organic food consumption; and conscience-affected (26.72%), who behave organic for self-esteem. Although data reveal the existence of an overall organic concern among the sample, only self-determined individuals may be prone to maintain their behaviors among time since the intrinsic motivation they show is higher than that of the other groups. These findings are of undeniable interest. The study of the motivational system of young Millennials will allow companies in the organic food sector to adjust their offer to the relevant target and achieve an enduring organic consumption.S

Heuristic Thinking and Credibility of Organic Advertising Claims: The Role of Knowledge and Motivations

[EN] Consumers are often overexposed to sustainability symbols and claims on food product packages and find it di_cult to accurately judge their meaning when making purchase decisions. Based on the heuristic-systematic model (HSM), this paper aims to identify cognitive mechanisms to reduce the heuristic credibility of organic advertising claims and to increase the motivation for searching for more reliable information when making product judgements. Particularly, we hypothesize that knowledge and defense and accuracy motivations a_ect organic claim credibility, which in turn is related to organic product judgement. Data collected from an experimental between-subject study with a sample of 412 Spanish undergraduates was analyzed using partial least squares. The results indicated that claim credibility was directly related to the attribution of organic properties to products, and was a_ected by defense motivation especially when appropriate knowledge was not available. Improving consumers’ knowledge reduced organic claim credibility and triggered a positive e_ect of accuracy motivation on credibility. The findings stress the importance of improving the regulation of ambitious advertising claims and developing specific educational campaigns to empower consumers and prevent biased purchase decisions of organic products.S

Halo Effect and Source Credibility in the Evaluation of Food Products Identified by Third-Party Certified Eco-Labels: Can Information Prevent Biased Inferences?

Despite the growing awareness of the need to promote the consumption of organic food, consumers have difficulties in correctly identifying it in the market, making frequent cognitive mistakes in the evaluation of products identified by sustainability labels and claims. This work analyzes the halo effect and the source credibility bias in the interpretation of product attributes based on third-party certified labels. It is hypothesized that, regardless of their specific meaning, official labels lead consumers to infer higher environmental sustainability, quality and price of the product, due to the credibility attributed to the certifying entity. It also examines the extent to which providing the consumer with accurate labeling information helps prevent biased heuristic thinking. An experimental between-subject study was performed with a sample of 412 Spanish business students and data were analyzed using partial least squares. Findings revealed that consumers tend to infer environmental superiority and, consequently, higher quality in products identified by both organic and non-organic certified labels, due to their credibility. Label credibility was also associated with price inferences, to a greater extent than the meaning attributed to the label. Interestingly, providing accurate information did not avoid biased heuristic thinking in product evaluation.S

Sustainability, food topics and weblogs: do they really fit? Targeting and valuing food-related eWOM generators

[EN] Without any doubt, the advent of the Internet has substantially transformed the way and rhythm of our lives. This circumstance reflects directly on our daily behaviours, which are today quite different from what they used to be only a few years ago. In this sense, the current patterns of search for information and consumption are frequently paced by the eWOM communication. In addition, environmental concerns have driven consumers to increasingly demand the so-called environmentally friendly products. Considering both issues together, literature reveals that the study of the interaction between eWOM and sustainable consumption is still scarce and needs more attention. For this reason, the present research is devoted to the identification and evaluation of a sustainable food-related eWOM. In this regard, an online survey of authors of food-related weblogs/videoblogs was conducted containing different questions about their food consumption styles. Even though the existence of a distinct group of green authors was confirmed, the following examination of centrality levels showed that the influence exerted by this group on the Web 2.0 is exactly the same as that of the other groups. Jointly, these findings provide information of great importance that has implications for businesses and professionals in marketing.S