Istodobna duboka venska tromboza i plućna embolija udružena s hipertireozom: prikaz slučaja

Numerous disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis have been reported in patients with thyroid diseases, especially with hyperthyroidism. Most articles are focused on deep vein thrombosis risk, however, few of them describe association between hyperthyroidism and pulmonary embolism. We report a case of a 43-year-old woman with long-term uncontrolled hyperthyroidism complicated by venous thromboembolism. The potential mechanisms could be endothelial dysfunction, decreased fibrinolytic activity, and increased levels of coagulation factors. Thyroid evaluation should be recommended in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolic events.Različiti poremećaji koagulacije ponekad se povezuju s bolestima štitnjače, najčešće hipertireozom. Većina dosadašnjih radova je usredotočena na rizik duboke venske tromboze kod takvih bolesnika, dok je u vrlo malom broju radova opisana povezanost hipertireoze i plućne embolije. Prikazuje se slučaj 43-godišnje bolesnice s dugogodišnjom nekontroliranom hipertireozom i posljedičnim akutnim venskim tromboembolizmom. Vjerojatni patofiziološki mehanizam uključuje oštećenje endotela, smanjenje fibrinolitičke aktivnosti i povećanu razinu faktora koagulacije. Klinička i laboratorijska evaluacija štitnjače preporučljiva je u bolesnika s neprovociranim tromboembolijskim događajem

Dabigatran Use Associated with Hemopericardium and Hemothorax

Concurrent spontaneous hemopericardium and hemothorax due to anticoagulant use are extremely rare in clinical practice. Dabigatran is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor approved to prevent stroke or thromboembolic episodes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. We report the case of a 73-year-old man who received dabigatran therapy (150 mg twice a day) for 3 months and developed massive spontaneous hemothorax and hemopericardium associated with fever. Emergency chest computed tomography scan established higher-density pericardial effusion (22HU) and left pleural effusion of heterogeneous density (5–15 HU) which could be hemorrhagic content while the heart ultrasound finding confirmed pericardial effusion 7–9 mm thick, without affecting hemodynamics. Almost 1100 mL of blood was drained by ultrasoundguided thoracentesis. After excluding other possible causes, diagnostic withdrawal was performed for dabigatran and no further pleural or pericardium effusion developed after dabigatran was discontinued. Therefore, practitioners could be aware of hemothorax as well as hemopericardium as a potential complication of dabigatran therapy

Regional development Germany

Povezanost nacionalnog, regionalnog i lokalnog razvoja u potpunosti je neupitna. Uspješna realizacija ciljeva regionalnog razvoja pridonosi gospodarskom rastu i razvoju neke zemlje, dok lokalne jedinice mogu ojačati svoje razvojne potencijale upravo kroz uspješnu implementaciju regionalne politike. Važnost odgovarajućeg poimanja regije i regionalnog razvoja ogleda se u tome da regija mora predstavljati gospodarski zaokruženu cjelinu s gledišta dugoročnog razvitka. Uloga i zadaća regija je da uz pomoć državnih instituta i drugih ekonomskih formi efikasno raspolažu prirodnim potencijalima, efikasno kombiniraju proizvodne faktore te zadovoljavaju potrebe stanovništva i na taj način pridonose regionalnom razvoju. Regionalna politika istražuje i analizira nejednakost i efikasnost i to zato da bi utvrdila relevantne zaključke koji će pridonijeti regionalnom razvoju i da bi pronašla odgovarajuća rješenja prema specifičnostima promatranih područja. Mjerama i intervencijama ekonomske politike glavna zadaća je umanjiti utjecaj tržišne nesavršenosti te smanjiti regionalne razlike koje predstavljaju problem razvijenih i nerazvijenih zemalja. Cilj rada je kroz komparaciju temeljnih ekonomskih karakteristika njemačkih regija prikazati regionalne razlike na području razvijenog njemačkog gospodarstva, istaknuti regije koje su generatori regionalnog razvoja te u konačnici opisati regionalnu politiku Njemačke. Glavna poglavlja rada jesu: regionalni razvoj, regionalna politika EU, gospodarstvo Njemačke i njemačkih regija te analiza regionalnog razvoja Njemačke. Koncentracija regionalnog potencijala razvoja ne vidi se samo u regiji u kojoj je smješten glavni grad Njemačke, već se i ostale regije potvrđuju kao nositelji razvoja te (unatoč regionalnim problemima koji postoje) znatno pridonose cjelokupnom gospodarskom razvoju njemačkog gospodarstva.Connection of national, regional and global development is fully unquestionable. Successful implementation of goals of regional development contributes to economic growth and the development of a country, while the local units can build up development potential exactly through the successful implementation of regional politics. The importance of appropriate comprehension of region and regional development is reflected in the fact that region must represent economic rounded system from the standpoint of long-term development. The task and role of region is that with the help of state institutes and other economic reforms efficiently dispose of natural resources, efficiently combine factors of production, and to meet the needs of the population and thus contribute to regional development. Regional policy researches and analyzes equality and efficiency and that in order to establish the relevant conclusions which will contribute to regional development and to find appropriate solutions according to the specifics of the observed area. The measures and interventions of economic policy main task is to reduce the impact of market imperfections and to decrease regional differences which pose problem of developed and underdeveloped countries. The aim is by comparing the fundamental economic characteristics of German regions show regional differences the developed area of the German economy, accentuate regions which are generators of Regional Development and finally to describe the regional policy of Germany. The main chapters of work are: regional development, regional policy of the European Union, the economy of Germany and the German region and analysis of regional development of Germany. From the work we can conclude that the most developed region is Bavarska observed by many parameters used in the work. Germany as a developed economy pays great attention to regional development. Concentration of regional potential development is not only visible in region of capital city, because other regions are representative of their region and development. There are very contribute to the economy of the development in Germany

National vs. international journals: views of medical professionals in Croatia

Scholarly journals, especially in non-English-speaking countries, may perform very different functions depending on whether they are published for national or international audiences. Four hundred and sixty-six academic physicians and non-academic general practitioners in Croatia were surveyed on their knowledge about two Croatian medical journals: Liječnički vjesnik (published in Croatian) and Croatian Medical Journal (published in English). The physicians were also surveyed about the importance of all national and international journals published in Croatia, and the types of articles they thought should be published in these journals. More respondents rated national (n = 329, 72.6%) than international journals (n = 275, 63.5%, P < 0.001, Wilcoxon test) as very important for the medical profession. On the other hand, publishing in international journals was more often rated as important than publishing in national journals (n = 184, 42.5% vs. n = 125, 27.8%; P < 0.001, Wilcoxon test). Guidelines for clinical practice were rated as the most important publication item in national journals, and original scientific articles in international journals

Cooperatives in Croatia, challenges and opportunities

Zadruge su model poduzetničkog poslovanja koji je prisutan širom svijeta. Danas u svijetu globalnog kapitalizma zadruge bi trebale biti dobar primjer ostalim oblicima poduzetničkog udruživanja. Zadružni model je dokazao da je moguće istovremeno ostvarivati ekonomsku održivost ali i društvenu odgovornost. Zadružno djelovanje se temelji na specifičnim zadružnim principima od kojih je demokratsko sudjelovanje najpoznatija karakteristika zadružnog poslovanja te glavna razlika za odvajanje zadruga od poduzeća u vlasništvu investitora. Princip u kojem svaki član ima pravo glasa potiče donošenje boljih poslovnih odluka te jača odnose u zajednici. Hrvatski centar za zadružno poduzetništvo je javna ustanova koja ima zadaću zastupati i usklađivati interese zadruga i zadružnih saveza, odnosno raditi na svim poslovnim aktivnostima koje će unaprijediti i razviti zadrugarstvo u cjelini. Na temelju istraživanja zadruge "Vinkovačka šparoga" koje je provedeno u svrhu ovoga rada, može se vidjeti kako zadrugarstvo ima i pozitivnih i negativnih strana. Najveća prednost ove zadruge je u kvaliteti i prepoznatljivosti njihovih proizvoda na tržištu na tom području, dok je nedostatak otežana nabava suvremene opreme i strojeva.Entrepreneurial business cooperatives are model which is spread all around the world. Today in the world of global capitalism cooperatives should be an example to the others forms of entrepreneurial association. The cooperative model proved that it is possible simultaneously achieve economic sustainability but also social responsibility. Activity of the co-operative is based on specific co-operative principles of which democratic participation is the most famous feature of the cooperative business and is the main difference in the separation of cooperatives from companies owned by the investor. The principle in which each member has the right to vote encourages the adoption of better business decisions and strengthens community relationships. Croatian center of entrepreneurial business cooperative entrepreneurship is public institution which has task to represent and harmonize different intrests of alliance, which means they work on every business activities which can possibly improve and develop entire entrepreneurial business cooperative. Based on the research of entrepreneurial business cooperative "Vinkovačka šparoga", which has been done in purpose of this work, we can conclude that cooperatives has both positive and negative effects. The main advantages of this entrepreneurial business cooperative are their quality and recognition of its products on market, while the main disadvantage is difficult purchase of contemporary equipment and machinery

The Epistemic Role of Fiction in Scientific Models

Giere’s analysis of the epistemic role of fiction in science and literature is the representative of antifictionists. Our research finds the three inconsistencies in his main paper regarding the comparison of fiction in scientific models and literary works. We analyze his argument and offer our solution to the issue favoring the perspective of fictionalism. Further, we support a typological differentiation of false representation in science into fictional and fictitious. The value of this differentiation we demonstrate by giving the example of digital organisms in system biology. The paper aims to help better understanding of fiction in science and to avoid the oversimplification of literary fiction

STRATEGIJA POZICIONIRANJA NA TRŽIŠTU MEDA : Završni rad

U radu se analizira važnost pozicioniranja proizvoda i njegove strategije. Istraživanje pozicioniranja proizvoda ima dva cilja: utvrđivanje položaja nekog proizvoda u odnosu na konkurenciju i provjera podudarnosti opažanja potrošača i strateškog plana tvrtke. Pčelarstvo u Hrvatskoj je neodvojiv dio poljoprivrede - strateške djelatnosti koja svojom gospodarskom, ekološkom i socijalnom ulogom pridonosi održivom razvoju. Tržište meda je dinamično te su tvrtke prinuđene stimulirati svoje kupce na različite načine. Kako bi bile konkurentne, tvrtke trebaju pružiti proizvod u skladu s potrebama i stavovima kupaca.The paper analyzes the importance of product positioning and its strategies. The review of product positioning has two goals: to determine the position of a product in relation to competition and to measure the compatibility between consumer perception and a strategic plan of a company. Beekeeping in Croatia is an inseparable part of agriculture – the strategic activity that contributes to sustainable development in its economic, ecologic and social role. The honey market is dynamic, and companies are forced to stimulate their consumers in different ways. To be competitive, they have to provide a product according to consumer needs and opinions

Regional development Germany

Povezanost nacionalnog, regionalnog i lokalnog razvoja u potpunosti je neupitna. Uspješna realizacija ciljeva regionalnog razvoja pridonosi gospodarskom rastu i razvoju neke zemlje, dok lokalne jedinice mogu ojačati svoje razvojne potencijale upravo kroz uspješnu implementaciju regionalne politike. Važnost odgovarajućeg poimanja regije i regionalnog razvoja ogleda se u tome da regija mora predstavljati gospodarski zaokruženu cjelinu s gledišta dugoročnog razvitka. Uloga i zadaća regija je da uz pomoć državnih instituta i drugih ekonomskih formi efikasno raspolažu prirodnim potencijalima, efikasno kombiniraju proizvodne faktore te zadovoljavaju potrebe stanovništva i na taj način pridonose regionalnom razvoju. Regionalna politika istražuje i analizira nejednakost i efikasnost i to zato da bi utvrdila relevantne zaključke koji će pridonijeti regionalnom razvoju i da bi pronašla odgovarajuća rješenja prema specifičnostima promatranih područja. Mjerama i intervencijama ekonomske politike glavna zadaća je umanjiti utjecaj tržišne nesavršenosti te smanjiti regionalne razlike koje predstavljaju problem razvijenih i nerazvijenih zemalja. Cilj rada je kroz komparaciju temeljnih ekonomskih karakteristika njemačkih regija prikazati regionalne razlike na području razvijenog njemačkog gospodarstva, istaknuti regije koje su generatori regionalnog razvoja te u konačnici opisati regionalnu politiku Njemačke. Glavna poglavlja rada jesu: regionalni razvoj, regionalna politika EU, gospodarstvo Njemačke i njemačkih regija te analiza regionalnog razvoja Njemačke. Koncentracija regionalnog potencijala razvoja ne vidi se samo u regiji u kojoj je smješten glavni grad Njemačke, već se i ostale regije potvrđuju kao nositelji razvoja te (unatoč regionalnim problemima koji postoje) znatno pridonose cjelokupnom gospodarskom razvoju njemačkog gospodarstva.Connection of national, regional and global development is fully unquestionable. Successful implementation of goals of regional development contributes to economic growth and the development of a country, while the local units can build up development potential exactly through the successful implementation of regional politics. The importance of appropriate comprehension of region and regional development is reflected in the fact that region must represent economic rounded system from the standpoint of long-term development. The task and role of region is that with the help of state institutes and other economic reforms efficiently dispose of natural resources, efficiently combine factors of production, and to meet the needs of the population and thus contribute to regional development. Regional policy researches and analyzes equality and efficiency and that in order to establish the relevant conclusions which will contribute to regional development and to find appropriate solutions according to the specifics of the observed area. The measures and interventions of economic policy main task is to reduce the impact of market imperfections and to decrease regional differences which pose problem of developed and underdeveloped countries. The aim is by comparing the fundamental economic characteristics of German regions show regional differences the developed area of the German economy, accentuate regions which are generators of Regional Development and finally to describe the regional policy of Germany. The main chapters of work are: regional development, regional policy of the European Union, the economy of Germany and the German region and analysis of regional development of Germany. From the work we can conclude that the most developed region is Bavarska observed by many parameters used in the work. Germany as a developed economy pays great attention to regional development. Concentration of regional potential development is not only visible in region of capital city, because other regions are representative of their region and development. There are very contribute to the economy of the development in Germany

STRATEGIJA POZICIONIRANJA NA TRŽIŠTU MEDA : Završni rad

U radu se analizira važnost pozicioniranja proizvoda i njegove strategije. Istraživanje pozicioniranja proizvoda ima dva cilja: utvrđivanje položaja nekog proizvoda u odnosu na konkurenciju i provjera podudarnosti opažanja potrošača i strateškog plana tvrtke. Pčelarstvo u Hrvatskoj je neodvojiv dio poljoprivrede - strateške djelatnosti koja svojom gospodarskom, ekološkom i socijalnom ulogom pridonosi održivom razvoju. Tržište meda je dinamično te su tvrtke prinuđene stimulirati svoje kupce na različite načine. Kako bi bile konkurentne, tvrtke trebaju pružiti proizvod u skladu s potrebama i stavovima kupaca.The paper analyzes the importance of product positioning and its strategies. The review of product positioning has two goals: to determine the position of a product in relation to competition and to measure the compatibility between consumer perception and a strategic plan of a company. Beekeeping in Croatia is an inseparable part of agriculture – the strategic activity that contributes to sustainable development in its economic, ecologic and social role. The honey market is dynamic, and companies are forced to stimulate their consumers in different ways. To be competitive, they have to provide a product according to consumer needs and opinions

Cooperatives in Croatia, challenges and opportunities

Zadruge su model poduzetničkog poslovanja koji je prisutan širom svijeta. Danas u svijetu globalnog kapitalizma zadruge bi trebale biti dobar primjer ostalim oblicima poduzetničkog udruživanja. Zadružni model je dokazao da je moguće istovremeno ostvarivati ekonomsku održivost ali i društvenu odgovornost. Zadružno djelovanje se temelji na specifičnim zadružnim principima od kojih je demokratsko sudjelovanje najpoznatija karakteristika zadružnog poslovanja te glavna razlika za odvajanje zadruga od poduzeća u vlasništvu investitora. Princip u kojem svaki član ima pravo glasa potiče donošenje boljih poslovnih odluka te jača odnose u zajednici. Hrvatski centar za zadružno poduzetništvo je javna ustanova koja ima zadaću zastupati i usklađivati interese zadruga i zadružnih saveza, odnosno raditi na svim poslovnim aktivnostima koje će unaprijediti i razviti zadrugarstvo u cjelini. Na temelju istraživanja zadruge "Vinkovačka šparoga" koje je provedeno u svrhu ovoga rada, može se vidjeti kako zadrugarstvo ima i pozitivnih i negativnih strana. Najveća prednost ove zadruge je u kvaliteti i prepoznatljivosti njihovih proizvoda na tržištu na tom području, dok je nedostatak otežana nabava suvremene opreme i strojeva.Entrepreneurial business cooperatives are model which is spread all around the world. Today in the world of global capitalism cooperatives should be an example to the others forms of entrepreneurial association. The cooperative model proved that it is possible simultaneously achieve economic sustainability but also social responsibility. Activity of the co-operative is based on specific co-operative principles of which democratic participation is the most famous feature of the cooperative business and is the main difference in the separation of cooperatives from companies owned by the investor. The principle in which each member has the right to vote encourages the adoption of better business decisions and strengthens community relationships. Croatian center of entrepreneurial business cooperative entrepreneurship is public institution which has task to represent and harmonize different intrests of alliance, which means they work on every business activities which can possibly improve and develop entire entrepreneurial business cooperative. Based on the research of entrepreneurial business cooperative "Vinkovačka šparoga", which has been done in purpose of this work, we can conclude that cooperatives has both positive and negative effects. The main advantages of this entrepreneurial business cooperative are their quality and recognition of its products on market, while the main disadvantage is difficult purchase of contemporary equipment and machinery