Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran IPS SMP/MTs Kelas VIII untuk Melatih Keterampilan Sosial Siswa

Many students put down Social Studies as boring class, because the learning model is less variable and poor of media. So that the development of learning media in the form of Student Textbooks (Buku Ajar Siswa) is made. The study design using type 4-D (define, design, develop, disseminate) development and research plan one group pretest-posttest design. The collection data method is observation, test, and quetionnaires. in trial of textbook difficulty level in category at very low or very easy to understand and can be regarded as  reliable instrument to measure feasibility RPP quality. Average score in each social skill including contributing ideas/opinions, being good listener, and respecting friend’s opinion was 89,69; 90,44; 90,03, which is on very high category. The student response toward components, newness, ease of understand, and practicing social skill of the device obtained percentage in a row was 72,92%, 79,69%, 79,69%, 65,63%, which shows the response of the student is very high. The study concludes that the learning device has high efecctiveness and quality to improve the study result and student’s social skill.  Based on this research, so that it can be used by social studies teachers in order to develop devices according to the nature of the material being taught to suit the learning objectives.Banyak siswa yang menganggap pelajaran IPS sangat membosankan, karena model pembelajaran yang kurang bervariasi dan miskin akan media. Sehingga dibuat pengembangan media pembelajaran berupa Buku Ajar Siswa. Desain penelitian menggunakan pengembangan tipe 4-D (define, design, develop, dessiminate) dan menggunakan rancangan penelitian one group pretest-posttest design. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, pemberian tes, dan penyebaran angket. Hasil uji coba tingkat kesulitan buku ajar berada pada kategori sangat rendah atau sangat mudah dipahami dan Instrument yang reliabel. Rata-rata keterampilan sosial yang meliputi menyumbang ide/pendapat, menjadi pendengar yang baik dan menghargai pendapat teman berada pada kategori sangat tinggi dengan nilai sebesar 89,69; 90,44; 90,03. Pada respon siswa terhadap perangkat pada komponen, kebaruan, kemudahan dalam pemahaman, dan dalam berlatih keterampilan sosial 72,92%, 79,69%, 79,69%, 65,63% yang menunjukkan respon siswa sangat tinggi. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat yang telah dibuat memiliki kualitas dan efektifitas yang tinggi dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keterampilan sosial siswa. Berdasarkan penelitian ini agar bisa digunakan oleh para guru IPS agar bisa mengembangkan perangkat sesuai sifat materi yang diajarkan agar sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran

The separation optimization of berberine in Anting-Anting Plants (Acalypha indica Linn) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Anting-Anting plants (Acalypha Indica Linn) is a plant widely found in Indonesia. This plant has potential as an antimalarial, antidiabetic, and antitoxic drug. Ethyl acetate extract of this plant contained isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine which confirmed by LC-MS spectra on m/z 321,2561. Then, thisstudy was conducted to determine the optimum conditions of separation and determination the berberine level existed on ethyl acetate extract of Anting-Anting using HPLC. The separation was optimized by varying flow rate of eluent (0.6 mL/min, 0.8 mL/min, 1.0 mL/min), mobile phase (methanol: TFA 0.1% (50:50 v/v) and acetonitrile: TFA 0.1% (60:40 v/v)). The separation was using HPLC with C18 (ODS) 4.6 x 250 mm, 5 μm column, isocratic method at various wavelengths (290 nm, 315 nm, and 345 nm). The optimum separation condition was obtained at flow rate 1 mL/min with mobile phase methanol: TFA 0.1% (50:50 v/v) and UV detector wavelength at 345 nm. The result showed that the berberine level of Anting-anting in ethyl acetate fraction was 11,82030 µg/mL

Expression dynamics of Integrin Subunit Beta 5 in bovine gametes and embryos imply functions in male fertility and early embryonic development

Integrins have been shown to act as signalling receptors, and they primarily recognise extracellular matrix ligands on the oocyte surface. However, their possible roles in oocyte activation and embryo development are not clearly understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate expression of Integrin Subunit Beta 5 (ITGβ5) in bovine sperm, oocytes, and early embryos and to ascertain the evolutionary conservation of ITGβ5. To accomplish these objectives, we used western blotting to study expression levels of ITGβ5 protein in sperm and RT-qPCR to determine expression levels of ITGβ5 transcripts in oocytes and embryos. We have also used bioinformatic analysis to determine the evolutionary conservation of the ITGβ5 protein among various species. Western blotting showed that ITGβ5 protein was detectable in bull sperm. Moreover, results of RT-qPCR showed that levels of ITGβ5 were significantly higher in the two-cell embryos, followed by the 8–16-cell embryos. However, no significant difference in expression levels were noted for the morula and blastocyst stages as compared to MII oocytes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that ITGβ5 is conserved among various species. We conclude that expression of ITGβ5 in bovine gametes and embryos implies an important role in fertilisation and embryogenesis