Synthesis of Bioactive Silver Nanoparticles Using New Bacterial Strains from an Antarctic Consortium

In this study, we report on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) achieved by using three bacterial strains Rhodococcus, Brevundimonas and Bacillus as reducing and capping agents, newly isolated from a consortium associated with the Antarctic marine ciliate Euplotes focardii. After incubation of these bacteria with a 1 mM solution of AgNO3 at 22 degrees C, AgNPs were synthesized within 24 h. Unlike Rhodococcus and Bacillus, the reduction of Ag+ from AgNO3 into Ag-0 has never been reported for a Brevundimonas strain. The maximum absorbances of these AgNPs in the UV-Vis spectra were in the range of 404 nm and 406 nm. EDAX spectra showed strong signals from the Ag atom and medium signals from C, N and O due to capping protein emissions. TEM analysis showed that the NPs were spherical and rod-shaped, with sizes in the range of 20 to 50 nm, and they were clustered, even though not in contact with one another. Besides aggregation, all the AgNPs showed significant antimicrobial activity. This biosynthesis may play a dual role: detoxification of AgNO3 and pathogen protection against both the bacterium and ciliate. Biosynthetic AgNPs also represent a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics against common nosocomial pathogens

Integrated biorefineries for repurposing of food wastes into value-added products

Food waste (FW) generated through various scenarios from farm to fork causes serious environmental problems when either incinerated or disposed inappropriately. The presence of significant amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids enable FW to serve as sustainable and renewable feedstock for the biorefineries. Implementation of multiple substrates and product biorefinery as a platform could pursue an immense potential of reducing costs for bio-based process and improving its commercial viability. The review focuses on conversion of surplus FW into range of value-added products including biosurfactants, biopolymers, diols, and bioenergy. The review includes in-depth description of various types of FW, their chemical and nutrient compositions, current valorization techniques and regulations. Further, it describes limitations of FW as feedstock for biorefineries. In the end, review discuss future scope to provide a clear path for sustainable and net-zero carbon biorefineries

EFFECT OF VEGETABLE OIL IN THE SOLUBILITY OF CAPSAICINOIDS EXTRACTED FROM CAPSICUM CHINENSE BHUT JOLOKIA

Abstract Capsicum chinense Bhut Jolokia is in fact the world's hottest known chilli pepper owing to the presence of alkaloids collectively known as capsaicinoids. It has become important to establish efficient technique for extraction of capsaicin and its analogues. The present research was conducted to analyze the effect of vegetable oils in the solubility of capsaicinoids. The capsaicinoids extracted in the oils were quantified by UV spectrophotometer and Phosphomolybdic acid reduction methods. Total phenol content in the extracts was estimated by Folin- Ciocalteu method. Among the tested oils gingelly oil, Olive oil and Sunflower oil showed high capsaicin content. The result of this investigation clearly concludes that the different oils used for the extraction showed diverse solubility of capsaicinoid. Sunflower oil extract can be formulated as topical applications. Neem and castor oil extract can be used as pesticide. Oils would be better solvent for the efficient extraction of capsaicinoids for its biological applications. Key words: Vegetable oils, Capsicum, Bhut Jolokia, capsaicin, capsaicinoids, phosphomolybdic acid

Awareness during emergence from anesthesia: Features and future research directions

The anesthesia awareness with recall (AAWR) phenomenon represents a complication of general anesthesia consisting of memorization of intraoperative events reported by the patient immediately after the end of surgery or at a variable distance from it. Approximately 20% of AAWR cases occur during emergence from anesthesia. Clinically, these unexpected experiences are often associated with distress especially due to a sense of paralysis. Indeed, although AAWR at the emergence has multiple causes, in the majority of cases the complication develops when the anesthesia plan is too early lightened at the end of anesthesia and there is a lack of use, or misuse, of neuromuscular monitoring with improper management of the neuromuscular block. Because the distress caused by the sense of paralysis represents an important predictor for the development of severe psychological complications, the knowledge of the phenomenon, and the possible strategies for its prophylaxis are aspects of considerable importance. Nevertheless, a limited percentage of episodes of AAWR cannot be prevented. This paradox holds also during the emergence phase of anesthesia which represents a very complex neurophysiological process with many aspects yet to be clarified

lApplication for industrial invention entitled: Marinomonas ef1 for the production of secondary metabolites

The present invention refers to the field of microbiology since it relates to the characterization of a Marinomonas species and its use in a method for the in vitro production of metabolites

“Marinomonas ef1 e Rhodococcus ef1 per la produzione di metaboliti secondari.”

La presente invenzione si riferisce al campo della microbiologia in quanto riguarda la caratterizzazione di due nuove specie batteriche appartenenti a genere Marinomonas e Rhodococcus ed il loro uso in metodi per la produzione in vitro di utili metaboliti. In particolare, il brevetto riguarda la biosintesi da parte di questi batteri di molecole fluorescenti, e di nanoparticelle di argento con attività antibiotica contro diversi ceppi patogeni

CEPPI BATTERICI PER LA PRODUZIONE DI BIOCELLULOSA

La presente domanda riguarda il campo della microbiologia ed in particolare ceppi batterici isolati e verificati per la produzione di biocellulosa

Standardization and quantification of total tannins, condensed tannin and soluble phlorotannins extracted from thirty-two drifted coastal macroalgae using high performance liquid chromatography

Tannins are important phytochemicals that provide protection against insect's infestation and have been utilized for various industrial uses. In this work we report the extraction, qualitative profile and quantification of the levels of total tannins, condensed tannin (proanthocyanidins) and phlorotannins of eleven brown (BA), nine red (RA) and twelve green (GA) drifted macroalgae of Tamil Nadu coastline, India. All tested BAs, RAs and GAs possessed different tannins all at various proportions. High level of total tannin were detected in Sargassum wightii (BA), Gracilaria fergusonii (RA), Caulerpa peltata (GA), condensed tannins in Colpomenia sinuosa (BA), Caulerpa scalpelliformis (GA) and Gracilaria corticata (RA), and soluble phlorotannins in Colpomenia sinuosa (BA), Chaetomorpha media (GA) and Gracilaria corticata (GA). Our results revealed that these drifted algae can be utilized as source of tannins because of their high concentration

Biogenic Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Bacterial Strains Isolated from an Antarctic Consortium Associated to a Psychrophilic Marine Ciliate: Characterization and Potential Application as Antimicrobial Agents

In the last decade, metal nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant interest in the field of biotechnology due to their unique physiochemical properties and potential uses in a wide range of applications. Metal NP synthesis using microorganisms has emerged as an eco-friendly, clean, and viable strategy alternative to chemical and physical approaches. Herein, an original and efficient route for the microbial synthesis of copper NPs using bacterial strains newly isolated from an Antarctic consortium is described. UV-visible spectra of the NPs showed a maximum absorbance in the range of 380–385 nm. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that these NPs are all monodispersed, spherical in nature, and well segregated without any agglomeration and with an average size of 30 nm. X-ray powder diffraction showed a polycrystalline nature and face centered cubic lattice and revealed characteristic diffraction peaks indicating the formation of CuONPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectra confirmed the presence of capping proteins on the NP surface that act as stabilizers. All CuONPs manifested antimicrobial activity against various types of Gram-negative; Gram-positive bacteria; and fungi pathogen microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The cost-effective and eco-friendly biosynthesis of these CuONPs make them particularly attractive in several application from nanotechnology to biomedical science