Synthesis of Bioactive Silver Nanoparticles Using New Bacterial Strains from an Antarctic Consortium

In this study, we report on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) achieved by using three bacterial strains Rhodococcus, Brevundimonas and Bacillus as reducing and capping agents, newly isolated from a consortium associated with the Antarctic marine ciliate Euplotes focardii. After incubation of these bacteria with a 1 mM solution of AgNO3 at 22 degrees C, AgNPs were synthesized within 24 h. Unlike Rhodococcus and Bacillus, the reduction of Ag+ from AgNO3 into Ag-0 has never been reported for a Brevundimonas strain. The maximum absorbances of these AgNPs in the UV-Vis spectra were in the range of 404 nm and 406 nm. EDAX spectra showed strong signals from the Ag atom and medium signals from C, N and O due to capping protein emissions. TEM analysis showed that the NPs were spherical and rod-shaped, with sizes in the range of 20 to 50 nm, and they were clustered, even though not in contact with one another. Besides aggregation, all the AgNPs showed significant antimicrobial activity. This biosynthesis may play a dual role: detoxification of AgNO3 and pathogen protection against both the bacterium and ciliate. Biosynthetic AgNPs also represent a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics against common nosocomial pathogens

Integrated biorefineries for repurposing of food wastes into value-added products

Food waste (FW) generated through various scenarios from farm to fork causes serious environmental problems when either incinerated or disposed inappropriately. The presence of significant amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids enable FW to serve as sustainable and renewable feedstock for the biorefineries. Implementation of multiple substrates and product biorefinery as a platform could pursue an immense potential of reducing costs for bio-based process and improving its commercial viability. The review focuses on conversion of surplus FW into range of value-added products including biosurfactants, biopolymers, diols, and bioenergy. The review includes in-depth description of various types of FW, their chemical and nutrient compositions, current valorization techniques and regulations. Further, it describes limitations of FW as feedstock for biorefineries. In the end, review discuss future scope to provide a clear path for sustainable and net-zero carbon biorefineries

Fund Raiser

As the technology is growing, people are making use of it in different ways for the betterment of society and individuals. Fundraiser is a web application where users can publish any sort of campaign or any event information so that they can raise the fund for the sake of individuals or for the societal issue. With the help of the web application, features should be provided to the end users to make use of it in publishing the events and in raising the funds. This application will be having 3 different types of users who will be using this application in different ways. These 3 users are Donor, fund raiser and Administrator. Donor is any person who can view different events that are present in the web application and he can see every detail of that event. If he is interested in donating to that event, then donor should have the features to donate to that event. He can even view the details of his donations, date, and time of the payment etc. To become as a donor, he needs to register and sign up with the application and the for the authentication purpose, he need to login into the application to do the operations. Next user will be fund raiser. If any of the user needs any fund for the individual or for any social cause, then they can register into this application and after entering this application, they will be having the facility to post the information related to the new event and ask the users to donate the amount based on the details provided. In this way, people can make use of the technology for its betterment and to satisfy the needs of the people. Another user is administrator, who will be maintaining the whole web application. He will be managing all the users accounts, he will be tracking all the events/Campaign information, delete events, modifications, updates. This project will be developed in .Net technology and the database is SQL server management studio. To develop this application, we have implemented technologies like, asp.net framework 4.5, sql server management studio 2014 as backend, html, css, bootstrap, javascript, jquery as frontend

EFFECT OF VEGETABLE OIL IN THE SOLUBILITY OF CAPSAICINOIDS EXTRACTED FROM CAPSICUM CHINENSE BHUT JOLOKIA

Abstract Capsicum chinense Bhut Jolokia is in fact the world's hottest known chilli pepper owing to the presence of alkaloids collectively known as capsaicinoids. It has become important to establish efficient technique for extraction of capsaicin and its analogues. The present research was conducted to analyze the effect of vegetable oils in the solubility of capsaicinoids. The capsaicinoids extracted in the oils were quantified by UV spectrophotometer and Phosphomolybdic acid reduction methods. Total phenol content in the extracts was estimated by Folin- Ciocalteu method. Among the tested oils gingelly oil, Olive oil and Sunflower oil showed high capsaicin content. The result of this investigation clearly concludes that the different oils used for the extraction showed diverse solubility of capsaicinoid. Sunflower oil extract can be formulated as topical applications. Neem and castor oil extract can be used as pesticide. Oils would be better solvent for the efficient extraction of capsaicinoids for its biological applications. Key words: Vegetable oils, Capsicum, Bhut Jolokia, capsaicin, capsaicinoids, phosphomolybdic acid

Two phase titration and bromatometric assay of penavarium bromide

Two titrimetric methods for the determination of penavarium bromide (PNB) have been proposed. Based on the quaternary ammonium moiety present in PNB, a titrimetric method (method A) based on ion association complex formation with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as titrant and dimethyl yellow as indicator has been proposed. In another method (method B), a stiochiometric reaction between penavarium bromide and in situ generated bromine has been used in a back titrimetric approach. The methods are applicable over the concentration range 2.0�15 mg and 1.0�10.0 mg for method A and method B, respecttively. Calculations are based on 1:1 molar ratio, i.e., PNB: SLS for method A and PNB: Br2 for method B. Method A is applicable to the determination of PNB in bulk drug and tablet, whereas method B is only applicable to bulk drug due to the interferences from tablet excipients because of non-specifiic reaction of bromine. The methods are validated for accuracy and precision

Rapid ultra high performance liquid chromatographic assay of pinaverium bromide and its stability studies

A rapid and validated stability indicating UPLC method for the determination of pinaverium bromide in bulk and formulation is developed. The selectivity of the method was confirmed by carrying out stressed study on pinaverium bromide at different conditions such as acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal. The peak corresponding to pinaverium bromide was found to be free from degradants confirming the selectivity of the method. Further, the method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. The selectivity of the method was further confirmed by standard addition technique on pinaverium bromide in tablet. The precision and accuracy of the method are within the ICH limit

Emission control in IC engines

Abstract:––Global warming has become a very huge challenge for mankind and one of the reasons for environmental degradation is emission of harmful gases due to incomplete combustion of the fuel. The problem is becoming severe day by day because of increase in the vehicular density. Numerous solutions have been proposed till date to overcome this challenge. In this paper the effect of addition of browns gas to air fuel mixture has been investigated. By electrolysis 1 process, Brown’s gas 2, a highly combustible gas is generated when water is sent into hydrolyser kit. Due to high combustible nature of the brown’s gas, both browns gas and fuel completely burns in the IC engine 3, hence giving no scope for the incomplete combustion. With the introduction of browns gas a 99% decrease in the unburned hydrocarbons 4 and Carbon monoxide 5 has been observed when compared to exhaust because of air fuel mixture alone (without browns gas). Keywords:––Electrolysis, Brown’s gas, IC engine, Unburned hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide I