A Bibliometric Survey on Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna

In this paper bibliometric survey is presented on Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna. The Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna is a broad band and has symmetric E plane and H plane. It has been used extensively in radars, wireless communication and dual polarization applications. The antipodal Vivaldi antenna has significant researches in biomedical imaging, optical lens, Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) System, detecting cancer, 5G communications etc. The bibliometric analysis is done for the reason to understand the reach of antipodal Vivaldi antenna and performance enhancement analysis worldwide. The Scopus and web of science are used for accomplishing this survey. The study focuses on 449 documents of conferences, articles, book chapters, review etc in scopus, where in web of science the study was focused on 95 documents of articles. Web of science has research data base of AVA from 1980 and scopus has its database from 1993. The bibliometric analyses are done using i-mapbuilder, VOS builder, Word bar chart, Word It Out, etc in section 3. The bibliometric survey includes the research of document types, year of publications, the various sources involved in performing quality research, affiliations and funding agencies involved to make the research work completed and keywords. It was observed that documents published are mostly in English language. Apart from English language documentation is also done in Chinese and Turkish. The study of this bibliometric analysis shows that the favorable field for antipodal Vivaldi antenna is done under Engineering and Computer Science fields

BUB1 mediation of caspase-independent mitotic death determines cell fate

The spindle checkpoint that monitors kinetochore–microtubule attachment has been implicated in tumorigenesis; however, the relation between the spindle checkpoint and cell death remains obscure. In BUB1-deficient (but not MAD2-deficient) cells, conditions that activate the spindle checkpoint (i.e., cold shock or treatment with nocodazole, paclitaxel, or 17-AAG) induced DNA fragmentation during early mitosis. This mitotic cell death was independent of caspase activation; therefore, we named it caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD). CIMD depends on p73, a homologue of p53, but not on p53. CIMD also depends on apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G, which are effectors of caspase-independent cell death. Treatment with nocodazole, paclitaxel, or 17-AAG induced CIMD in cell lines derived from colon tumors with chromosome instability, but not in cells from colon tumors with microsatellite instability. This result was due to low BUB1 expression in the former cell lines. When BUB1 is completely depleted, aneuploidy rather than CIMD occurs. These results suggest that cells prone to substantial chromosome missegregation might be eliminated via CIMD

Data Safeguarding against Internal and External Threats

Today, many organisations use Information Systems to manage their sensitive and critical business related information. The need to protect such a key component of the organisation, and avoid data theft cannot be overemphasised. Data theft can be defined as the act of stealing computer-based information from an unknowing victim with the intent of compromising privacy or obtaining confidential information. The project on which this paper is based deals with the safeguarding of data against internal as well as external threats. The internal threats in this project deal with leakage of data from within an organisation by the means of mountable devices such as USB drives, while the external threats that are considered are those that corrupt data and cause its loss by means of ransomware attacks. Ransomware is malware for data kidnapping, an exploit in which the attacker encrypts the victim's data and demands payment for the decryption key. This paper describes the ways to thwart such external attacks by monitoring a set of folders for early detection of ransomware. On the other hand, internal threats are handling by means of encrypting data while transferring it over USB drives and other mountable devices

Modest additive effects of integrated vector control measures on malaria prevalence and transmission in western Kenya

Background: The effect of integrating vector larval intervention on malaria transmission is unknown when insecticide-treated bed-net (ITN) coverage is very high, and the optimal indicator for intervention evaluation needs to be determined when transmission is low. Methods: A post hoc assignment of intervention-control cluster design was used to assess the added effect of both indoor residual spraying (IRS) and Bacillus-based larvicides (Bti) in addition to ITN in the western Kenyan highlands in 2010 and 2011. Cross-sectional, mass parasite screenings, adult vector populations, and cohort of active case surveillance (ACS) were conducted before and after the intervention in three study sites with two- to three-paired intervention-control clusters at each site each year. The effect of larviciding, IRS, ITNs and other determinants of malaria risk was assessed by means of mixed estimating methods. Results: Average ITN coverage increased from 41% in 2010 to 92% in 2011 in the study sites. IRS intervention had significant added impact on reducing vector density in 2010 but the impact was modest in 2011. The effect of IRS on reducing parasite prevalence was significant in 2011 but was seasonal specific in 2010. ITN was significantly associated with parasite densities in 2010 but IRS application was significantly correlated with reduced gametocyte density in 2011. IRS application reduced about half of the clinical malaria cases in 2010 and about one-third in 2011 compare to non-intervention areas. Conclusion: Compared with a similar study conducted in 2005, the efficacy of the current integrated vector control with ITN, IRS, and Bti reduced three- to five-fold despite high ITN coverage, reflecting a modest added impact on malaria transmission. Additional strategies need to be developed to further reduce malaria transmission. (Résumé d'auteur

Effects of co-habitation between Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Culex quinquefasciatus aquatic stages on life history traits

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The effective measures for the control of malaria and filariasis vectors can be achieved by targeting immature stages of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in productive habitat. To design this strategy, the mechanisms (like biotic interactions with conspecifc and heterospecific larvae) regulating mosquito aquatic stages survivorship, development time and the size of emerging adults should be understood. This study explored the effect of co-habitation between <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s. and <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>on different life history traits of both species under different densities and constant food supply in the habitats of the same size under semi-natural conditions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Experiments were set up with three combinations; <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>alone (single species treatment), <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s. alone (single species treatment); and <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s. with <it>Cx. quiquefasciatus </it>(co-habitation treatment) in different densities in semi field situation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The effect of co-habitation of <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s. and <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>was found to principally affect three parameters. The wing-lengths (a proxy measure of body size) of <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s. in co-habitation treatments were significantly shorter in both females and males than in <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s single species treatments. In <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus</it>, no significant differences in wing-length were observed between the single species and co-habitation treatments. Daily survival rates were not significantly different between co-habitation and single species treatments for both <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s. and <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus</it>. Developmental time was found to be significantly different with single species treatments developing better than co-habitation treatments. Sex ratio was found to be significantly different from the proportion of 0.5 among single and co-habitation treatments species at different densities. Single species treatments had more males than females emerging while in co-habitation treatments more females emerged than males. In this study, there was no significant competitive survival advantage in co-habitation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that co-habitation of <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s. and <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>in semi-natural conditions affect mostly <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s. body size. Hence, more has to be understood on the effects of co-habitation of <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s. and <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>in a natural ecology and its possible consequences in malaria and filariasis epidemiology.</p

Preventive Strategies to Reduce Malaria Burden: Epidemiological Surveillance and Modeling for New Control and Elimination Methodologies

Malaria epidemiology around the world is changing at a rapid pace due to intensive malaria control campaigns in the past decade. In spite of major progress in malaria control, new strategies are needed to reduce the malaria disease burden and reach global eradication goals. Within the framework of translational medicine, this interdisciplinary dissertation used a multilevel approach to describe and evaluate strategies seen as imperative to achieving the goal of malaria elimination set forth by the World Health Organization. We used a combination of field surveys and mathematical modeling methodologies to examine malaria epidemiology from the individual, the community, and the bench-side perspectives in countries aiming at control (Kenya) and elimination (Thailand). In Kenya, the combination of consumer, healthcare provider, and pharmaceutical retailer surveys revealed that the high cost of diagnosis and treatment at a healthcare facility may be inhibiting positive health-seeking behavior and may be incongruent with the goals ofxiiicurrent subsidization policies. In Thailand, field surveys identified cross-border human movement patterns and important migration parameters between Thailand and Myanmar. The multi-node model simulations found an indirect impact of interventions on the side of the border that did not receive the intervention. Sensitivity analyses showed that the indirect impact of vector control was stronger with increased migration rates. Therefore, in this border region that harbors a constant and unmonitored flow of people, the regional malaria elimination strategies need to be accommodative of highly mobile populations. Lastly, we used a combination of field survey data from Kenya and the mathematical model to explore potential added benefits of including a long-lasting microbial larvicide as a supplemental vector control strategy in endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa where insecticide resistance and changes in vector behavior present significant challenges to control. The model results indicated that larviciding has the potential to provide significant added benefits to malaria control in the context of prevailing pyrethroid resistance and outdoor transmission. In conclusion, parameterizing mathematical models with field-derived entomological and epidemiological data framed within individual, community, and bench-side perspectives, can represent a valuable approach to assist malaria control and elimination efforts

Metamaterials in 5G Antenna Designs: A Bibliometric Survey

The demand of high gain and wideband compact antenna designs are gaining importance to fulfil the need of 5G communication systems. This has opened the doors for the researchers to explore 5G antennas incorporating metamaterials as they can meet the requirement of high gain and wideband compact antennas. Overview of various metamaterial-based antenna designs including Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG), artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC), Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) and Partially Reflective Surface (PRS) are discussed in the paper. The paper primarily focuses on bibliometric survey of various types of 5G metamaterial antennas in terms of number of documents published, leading universities actively involved in the related research, distribution of documents in different areas, major contribution of authors and leading journal publishing the documents. Scopus database from 1st September 2014 till date is used to carry out this bibliometric survey. The statistical data presented in this paper can provide the prerequisite for the researchers to work in this area

MIMO antenna for Fifth Generation mm-Wave Applications: A Bibliometric Survey

Nowadays most discussed technology is mm-wave and 5G communication. The requirement of 5G technology is high bandwidth, high data rate, and low latency. To fulfil these requirements for the current growth in mobile communication multiple input multiple output antenna is used. This bibliometric paper throws light on the various methods used to improve mutual coupling between multiple antennas. Various mutual coupling reduction techniques that are used in MIMO antennas like Dielectric resonator antenna, Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure, Neutralization lines, Defected Ground Structures, Metamaterial, etc. are explained. Scopus database is used for this bibliometric review on mm-wave MIMO 5G technology from the year 2016 to 20th December 2020. This paper elaborates, a bibliometric survey of MIMO antennas used in 5G technology for an mm-wave frequency range