Genetic Diversity of S3 Maize Genotypes Resistant to Downy Mildew Based on Ssr Markers

The compulsory requirement for releasing new high yielding maize varieties is resistance to downy mildew. The study aimed to determine the level of homozygosity, genetic diversity, and genetic distance of 30 S3 genotypes of maize. Number of primers to be used were 30 polymorphic SSR loci which are distributed over the entire maize genomes. The S3 genotypes used were resistant to downy mildew with homozygosity level of >80%, genetic distance between the test and tester strains >0.7, and anthesis silking interval (ASI) between inbred lines and tester lines was maximum 3 days. The results showed that 30 SSR primers used were spread evenly across the maize genomes which were manifested in the representation of SSR loci on each chromosome of a total of 10 chromosomes. The levels of polymorphism ranged from 0.13 to 0.78, an average of 0.51, and the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 8 alleles per SSR locus, an average of 4 alleles per SSR locus. The size of nucleotides in each locus also varied from 70 to 553 bp. Cophenetic correlation value (r) at 0.67 indicated that the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) was less reliable for differentiating genotypes in five groups. Of the total of 30 genotypes analyzed, 17 genotypes had homozygosity level of >80% so it can be included in the hybrid assembly program

Skrining Ketahanan Galur S1 Jagung Terhadap Penyakit Bulai Dan Pembentukan Galur S2 Tahan Penyakit Bulai

Biotic stress, especially downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence, is one of the most important constraints in the development of corn in the country, because it attack on young plant of susceptible varieties, it can cause damage up to 100%. Resistance screening of 84 of S1 maize lines to downy mildew and the formation of S2 lines resistant to downy mildew was conducted in Bajeng Experimental Farm at Gowa, South Sulawesi lasted from February to May 2013. This study aimed to screen the S1 lines resistant to downy mildew and forming S2 lines resistant to downy mildew. Four weeks before the S1 lines planted, the source of inoculum (Anoman variety) was planted in two rows around the test plot. One week after Anoman was planted, it was sprayed with a conidial suspension of the fungus P. philipinensis in the early morning. Three weeks after inoculation of Anoman, 84 of S1 lines to be screened for downy mildew were planted. In this test, resistant check MR14 and susceptible check Anoman was included, each planted in two rows along the 5 m, a spacing of 75 x 25 cm with two replications. Urea fertilizer was used at a dose of 350 kg/ha and Ponska with a dose of 300 kg/ha. Observation of the percentage of downy mildew incidence started at 30 days after planting. The results showed that only three lines and MR14 resistant showed moderately resistant to downy mildew. Percentage of disease incidence ranged from 36–100 percent. However, from this test a number of 580 S2 lines resistant to downy mildew were obtained

MIP-TFMAA-co-TRIM as Selective Adsorption of β-sitosterol

A functional monomer of trifluoromethylacrylic acid (TFMAA), a cross-linker of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) and a template molecule of β-sitosterol have been used to produce a molecularly imprinted polymer, MIP_TFMAA-co-TRIM by a polymerization process based on non-covalent interaction between the monomer and the template. After the removal of the template, we used the product of MIP as an adsorbent of β-sitosterol and determined the adsorption capacity. The adsorption-desorption process for β-sitosterol and the selectivity test for β-sitosterol and cholesterol were also studied. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and UV-vis spectrophotometry were methods for measuring the amount of .materials adsorbed. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were models used to study the adsorption isotherm of the removal of β-sitosterol. The adsorption of β-sitosterol on MIP_TFMAA-co-TRIM followed the Freundlich isotherm with a capacity of 0.61 mg/g. The first and the second adsorption-desorption processes showed that the recovery percentages of β-sitosterol from MIP_TFMAA-co-TRIM were 66.36 and 40.56%, respectively. The MIP was more selective for β-sitosterol than for cholesterol

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Active Knowledge Sharing untuk Mengetahui Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa Padapokok Bahasan Laju Reaksi di SMA N 1 Gunung Toar Kab. Kuantan Singingi

Research implementation of cooperative learning model of active knowledge sharing aims to achieve mastery learning students on the subject of the reaction rate in class XI state senior high school 1 Gunung toar. his study uses a case study desihn one shot-study case. Time date retrieval from the 1st of November to 17 november 2014. The population is class XI science senior high school 1 gunung toar which consists of one class. The sample is total sample consisting of 1 class. Date were analyzed using classical learning completeness percentage calculation. Data retrieval technique is a technique test. Results of the research showed classical learning completeness 89,29% student attitudes 100% and skills of the students major domains 100%. Concluded that the implementation of cooperative learning model of active knowledge sharing can achieve mastery learning students on the subject of the rate of reaction in class XI state senior high school 1 gunung toar Regency kuantan singingi

Quality of life satisfaction among converted Kelantan Chinese Muslims

This article investigates the quality of life of the Kelantan Chinese Muslim community before and after conversion to Islam, focusing on their level of satisfaction in term of economic aspect. This research was carried out using the sequential explanatory mixed method design involving 75 respondents selected for quantitative and five respondents for qualitative. The sampling method adopted was convenience and snowball samplings. The research data was collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that respondents were moderately satisfied before conversion and satisfied after conversion. Besides that, there is no significant difference of quality of life before and after conversion to Islam (F = 0.868, p = 0.355) and it was not influenced by the period of conversion to Islam (F = 0.832, p = 0.589). This analysis indicates numerous respondents are still moderately satisfied in their quality of life even though the average data shows they are satisfied after conversion

Potential of carica papaya seed-derived bio-coagulant to remove turbidity from polluted water assessed through experimental and modeling-based study

It is important to develop renewable bio-coagulants to treat turbid water and efficient use of these bio-coagulants requires process optimization to achieve robustness. This study was conducted to optimize the coagulation process using bio-coagulant of deshelled Carica papaya seeds by employing response surface methodology (RSM). This bio-coagulant was extracted by a chemical-free solvent. The experiments were conducted using the Central Composite Design (CCD). Initially, the functional groups and protein content of the bio-coagulant were analyzed. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis showed that the bio-coagulant contained OH, C=O and C-O functional groups, which enabled the protein to become polyelectrolyte. The highest efficiency of the bio-coagulant was obtained at dosage of 196 mg/L, pH 4.0 and initial turbidity of 500 NTU. At the optimum conditions, the bio-coagulant achieved 88% turbidity removal with a corresponding 83% coagulation activity. These findings suggested that the deshelled Carica papaya seeds have potential as a promising bio-coagulant in treating the polluted water