Human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections in breast cancer from chile

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) have been found in breast carcinomas (BCs) around the world. In this study, fifty-five BCs from Chile were analyzed for HPV and EBV presence. In addition, HPV-16 viral load/physical status and E6/E7 expressions were determined.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The amplification of a housekeeping gene showed that 46/55 samples (84%) had amplifiable DNA. HPV-16 was detected in 4/46 BCs (8.7%) and EBV was detected in 3/46 (6.5%) BCs. The analysis of HPV-16 physical status showed that this virus was integrated in all of the tumors with a relatively low viral load (range: 0.14 to 33.8 copies/cell). E6 and E7 transcripts, however, were not detected in any HPV-16 positive specimens. Using a Cox-regression model, we found a statistically significant association between EBV presence and poor survival (p = 0.013).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The findings in this study suggest that it is unlikely that HPV and/or EBV play a direct role in the etiology of BC.</p

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Improvement in the Continuous Vulnerability Monitoring Process

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo mejorar el proceso de Monitoreo Continuo de Vulnerabilidades de la gerencia de Operaciones de Seguridad Tecnológica lo cual contribuye en gran medida a estar prevenidos y mitigar en gran medida cualquier problema que pueda aprovechar una amenaza externa e interna de Mibanco. El presente trabajo de investigación contiene seis capítulos entre los principales la definición del Marco Teórico, se desarrollaron los principales conceptos, antecedentes y se definieron las palabras claves relacionadas al tema principal del presente trabajo de investigación; en el capítulo de Desarrollo del Proyecto se evidenciara el problema con más detalle donde se formula el problema principal y el objetivo de mejora el cual estaría enfocado en la reducción sustancial de tiempo con el apoyo de tecnologías de información.This research work aims to improve the Continuous Vulnerability Monitoring process of Technology Security Operations management, which greatly contributes to being prevented and greatly mitigating any problem that may take advantage of an external and internal threat from Mibanco. This research work contains six chapters, the main ones being the definition of the Theoretical Framework, the main concepts, antecedents were developed and the key words related to the main topic of this research work were defined; In the Project Development chapter the problem will be shown in more detail where the main problem is formulated and the improvement objective which would be focused on the substantial reduction of time with the support of information technologies.Tesi

Uma análise do conteúdo e da qualidade dos relatórios de sustentabilidade de acordo com os padrões da GRI em empresas peruanas de mineração supervisionadas pela SMV em 2018: deficiências e oportunidades

Corporate sustainability has become a distinctive factor of global leaders, who communicate sustainable development actions using corporate sustainability reports (CSR) in accordance with international reporting standards such as GRI. In Latin America there is a high variability in their adoption and the Peruvian mining sector has been facing credibility problems due to the incidence of socio-environmental conflicts in its projects, despite its recent consistency in the presentation of CSR. A statistical analysis of a sample of mining companies that submitted their CSR to the SMV in 2018 showed that half of them complied with presenting CSR; nonetheless, GRI principles are not strictly followed. Reports stress the social pillar over the environmental and economic ones; with an imbalance between positive, neutral and negative actions; and do not present their sources to make data auditable. An opportunity is presented for the creation of a specialized area in the SMV to review CSR.A sustentabilidade corporativa tornou-se um fator distintivo dos líderes globais, que comunicam ações de desenvolvimento sustentável por meio de relatórios de sustentabilidade corporativa (RSC) de acordo com padrões internacionais de relato, como a GRI. Na América Latina existe uma grande variabilidade na sua adoção e o setor de mineração peruano enfrenta problemas de credibilidade pela incidência de conflitos socioambientais em seus projetos, apesar de sua recente consistência na apresentação dos RSC. Uma análise estatística de uma amostra de empresas de mineração que submeteram seu RSC à SMV em 2018 mostrou que metade delas cumpriu com a apresentação de RSC; mas os princípios GRI não são seguidos à risca. Os relatórios enfatizam o pilar social sobre o ambiental e econômico; com um desequilíbrio entre ações positivas, neutras e negativas; e não apresentam suas fontes para tornar os dados auditáveis. Surge a oportunidade de criar uma área especializada na SMV para revisar RSC.La sostenibilidad corporativa se ha convertido en un factor distintivo de los líderes globales, quienes comunican acciones de desarrollo sostenible usando reportes de sostenibilidad corporativa (RSC) según estándares internacionales de reporte como GRI. En Latino América existe una gran variabilidad en su adopción, y el sector minero peruano enfrenta problemas de credibilidad por la incidencia de conflictos socio-ambientales en sus proyectos, pese a su reciente consistencia en la presentación de RSC. Un análisis estadístico de una muestra de empresas mineras que enviaron RSC a la SMV en 2018 mostró que la mitad cumplía con presentar RSC; pero no siguen estrictamente principios GRI. Estos reportes enfatizan el pilar social encima del ambiental y económico; con un desbalance entre las acciones positivas, neutrales y negativas; y no presentan sus fuentes para hacer que la data sea auditable. Se presenta una oportunidad para crear un área especializada en la SMV para revisar RSC