Posicionamientos críticos y tensiones profesionales en un servicio de atención psicosocial a la violencia de género

En el presente artículo nos proponemos comprender las tensiones que se producen en la intervención psicosocial hacia la violencia de género, identificando los posicionamientos que adoptan profesionales de un servicio de atención en Catalunya. Los conceptos de gubernamentalidad y dispositivo nos permiten analizar críticamente el funcionamiento de la intervención psicosocial. En términos metodológicos, es una aproximación cualitativa mediante un estudio de caso, en la que realizamos seis entrevistas en profundidad y un grupo de discusión con profesionales de un servicio de atención a la violencia de género. El análisis temático revela tres tensiones principales hacia la práctica profesional: el aparataje institucional, la especialización de la intervención en violencia de género, y la relación interventora-intervenida. Concluimos que, ante las tensiones referidas, las profesionales generan resistencias como el posicionamiento de flexibilidad, el cual posibilita desarticular la homogenización, el disciplinamiento y la estandarización del dispositivo de atención a la violencia de género

Hydrolysable tannin-based diet rich in gallotannins has a minimal impact on pig performance but significantly reduces salivary and bulbo-urethral gland size

Tannins have long been considered ‘anti-nutritional’ factors in monogastric nutrition, shown to reduce feed intake and palatability. However, recent studies revealed that compared to condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins (HT) appear to have far less impact on growth performance but may be inhibitory to the total activity of caecal bacteria. This in turn could reduce microbial synthesis of skatole and indole in the hindgut of entire males (EM). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of a group of dietary HT on growth performance, carcass traits and boar taint compounds of group housed EM. For the study, 36 Swiss Large White boars were assigned within litter to three treatment groups. Boars were offered ad libitum one of three finisher diets supplemented with 0 (C), 15 (T15) or 30 g/kg (T30) of HT from d 105 to 165 of age. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, boar taint compounds in the adipose tissue and CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP2A19 gene expression in the liver was assessed. Compared to C, feed efficiency but not daily gain and daily feed intake was lower (P < 0.05) in T15 and T30 boars. Except for the percent carcass weight loss during cooling, which tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in T30 than C and T15, carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. In line with the numerically lower androstenone level, bulbo-urethral and salivary glands of T30 boars were lighter (P < 0.05) than of T15 with intermediate values for C. Indole level was lower (P < 0.05) in the adipose tissue of T30 than C pigs with intermediate levels in T15. Skatole levels tended (P < 0.10) to be lower in T30 and C than T15 pigs. Hepatic gene expression of CYP isoenzymes did not differ between treatment groups but was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with androstenone (CYP2E1 and CYP1A2), skatole (CYP2E1, CYP2A) and indole (CYP2A) level. In line with the numerically highest androstenone and skatole concentrations, boar taint odour but not flavour was detected by the panelists in loins from T15 compared with loins from C and T30 boars. These results provide evidence that HT affected metabolism of indolic compounds and androstenone and that they affected the development of accessory sex glands. However, the effects were too small to be detected by sensory evaluation

Depression in Parkinson’s disease is related to a genetic polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1)

This work has been possible owing to a research grant from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias year 2000, number 00/0785, to D Blas Morales and support from Centro Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Neurologicas and to Dr Justo García de Yébenes, years 2003 and 2004. Israel Ampuero was a research fellow of Fondo de Investigaciones.Depression is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) and it is present in up to 40% of the patients. The cause of depression in PD is thought to be related to disturbance of monoamine neurotransmission. The endogenous cannabinoid system mediates different brain processes that play a role in the control of behaviour and emotions. Cannabinoid function may be altered in neuropsychiatry diseases, directly or through interactions with monoamine, GABA and glutamate systems. For this reason, we have investigated whether there is a genetic risk factor for depression in PD linked to the polymorphisms of CB1 receptor gene. Depression was more frequent in patients with PD than in controls with osteoarthritis. The presence of depression did not correlate with the stage of the disease but it was more frequent in patients with pure akinetic syndrome than in those with tremoric or mixed type PD. The CB1 receptor gene polymorphism (AAT)n is considered to modify the transcription of the gene and, therefore, it may have functional relevance. We analysed the length of the polymorphic triplet (AAT)n of the gene that encodes CB1 (CNR1) receptor in 89 subjects (48 PD patients and 41 controls). In patients with PD, the presence of two long alleles, with more than 16 repeated AAT trinucleotides in the CNR1 gene, was associated with a reduced prevalence of depression (Fisher's exact test: P=0.003). This association did not reach significant differences in the control group, but the number of control individuals with depression was too small to allow for statistical analysis. Since the alleles with long expansions may have functional impact in cannabinoid neurotransmission, our data suggest that the pharmacological manipulation of cannabinoid neurotransmission could open a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression in PD and possibly in other conditions.Fondo de Investigaciones SanitariasCentro Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades NeurológicasFondo de Investigacione

Digenean trematode infections in the endangered fish species Apricaphanius iberus

The Spanish toothcarp (Apricaphanius iberus), an endangered fish on the Iberian Peninsula, faces challenges like trematode parasitism and environmental fluctuations. In La Pletera, a protected area, fish gills showed metacercariae infestations, potentially impacting respiration and osmoregulation. The study aims to assess parasite descriptors, identify digenean species, detect larval stages in potential intermediate hosts (Hydrobia snails), estimate cercariae emerging from snails, and explore links between lagoon conditions and infection rates. Analysis found 21,256 digenean metacercariae in A. iberus, with host specificity in G. holbrooki. Histological studies revealed metacercariae in various fish tissues but no larval stages in snails

Effect of supplementation of maturation medium with cysteamine and two culture media (KSOMaa and SOF) on in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes

Se evaluó el efecto de la cisteamina en el medio de maduración sobre la tasa de división posfecundación y el efecto de los medios de cultivo KSOMaa y SOF sobre la tasa de desarrollo embrionario in vitro hasta los 8 días posfecundación. Se utilizaron 680 ovocitos procedentes de ovarios de hembras bovinas distribuidos al azar en dos tratamientos: T1 (n=321) medio de maduración TCM-199 y T2 (n=359) medio de maduración TCM-199 adicionado con cisteamina 100 mM. Los ovocitos fueron fecundados a las 24 h con semen congelado de un solo toro y cultivados en medio KSOMaa por 18 h, evaluándose la tasa de división 72 h después. En la segunda fase, luego del primer cultivo, ambos grupos se subdividieron en dos grupos, donde el primero se cultivó con medio KSOMaa y el segundo con medio SOF hasta el día 8 posfecundación. Los resultados de la primera fase indican una tasa de división de 43.6% para el grupo control y 46.0% para el grupo suplementado con cisteamina, sin encontrar diferencia significativa. En la fase 2, se obtuvo una tasa de 18.0% de blastocistos para el tratamiento TCM-199 + KSOMaa y 20.9% para TCM-199 c/ cisteamina + KSOMaa (p&lt;0.05), y 15.8% para TCM-199 + KSOMaa y SOF y 18.7% para TCM-199 c/ cisteamina + KSOMaa y SOF (p&lt;0.05). Los resultados indican que la adición de cisteamina al medio de cultivo mejoró la tasa de desarrollo embrionario in vitro hasta el estadio de blastocisto en ovocitos madurados en medio TCM 199, no habiendo diferencias por el uso de los medios de cultivo.The effect of the cysteamine in maturation medium on the oocyte cleavage rate and the effect of culture media KSOMaa and SOF on in vitro embryo development rate at 8 days post-fertilization was evaluated. A total of 680 oocytes from cattle ovaries were randomly distributed in two treatments: T1 (n=321) maturation medium TCM-199 and T2 (n=359) maturation medium TCM-199 supplemented with 100 mM cysteamine. Oocytes were fertilized after 24 h with frozen semen from a single bull and cultured in KSOMaa for 18 h and the fertilization rate was assessed 72 h after division. In the second phase, after the first culture, both groups were cultivated using two culture media: KSOMaa and SOF until day 8 post-fertilization. The results of the first phase showed a cleavage rate of 43.6% for the control group and 46.0% for the cysteamine supplemented group, without difference between groups. In phase 2, the blastocyst rate was 18.0% for the TCM-199 + KSOMaa and 20.9% for TCM-199 with cysteamine + KSOMaa (p&lt;0.05), and 15.8% for TCM-199 + KSOMaa and SOF and 18.6% for TCM-199 with cysteamine + KSOMaa and SOF (p&lt;0.05). The results indicated that the addition of cysteamine to the culture media improved the in vitro embryo development rate to blastocyst in oocytes cultured in maturation medium TCM-199, and without differences due to the KSOMaa and SOF

Tubers from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex are characterized by changes in microtubule biology through ROCK2 signalling

Most patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) develop cortical tubers that cause severe neurological disabilities. It has been suggested that defects in neuronal differentiation and/or migration underlie the appearance of tubers. However, the precise molecular alterations remain largely unknown. Here, by combining cytological and immunohistochemical analyses of tubers from nine TSC patients (four of them diagnosed with TSC2 germline mutations), we show that alteration of microtubule biology through ROCK2 signalling contributes to TSC neuropathology. All tubers showed a larger number of binucleated neurons than expected relative to control cortex. An excess of normal and altered cytokinetic figures was also commonly observed. Analysis of centrosomal markers suggested increased microtubule nucleation capacity, which was supported by the analysis of an expression dataset from cortical tubers and control cortex, and subsequently linked to under-expression of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase 2 (ROCK2). Thus, augmented microtubule nucleation capacity was observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human fibroblasts deficient in the Tsc2/TSC2 gene product, tuberin. Consistent with ROCK2 under-expression, microtubule acetylation was found to be increased with tuberin deficiency; this alteration was abrogated by rapamycin treatment and mimicked by HDAC6 inhibition. Together, the results of this study support the hypothesis that loss of TSC2 expression can alter microtubule organization and dynamics, which, in turn, deregulate cell division and potentially impair neuronal differentiation. Copyrigh

Catálogos del Paisaje de Cataluña y Participación Ciudadana aplicada con comunidades indígenas en el marco del Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental, Chile

Durante los últimos años en el marco del Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental de Chile se han presentado observaciones ciudadanas por parte de comunidades indígenas de la Región de Antofagasta, las cuales señalan una afectación al paisaje, desde la perspectiva cultural, es decir, impactos al sistema de vida y costumbres. Esto genera una oportunidad y un desafío, para integrar en la evaluación ambiental los valores del paisaje identificados por el grupo humano que habita el territorio. En virtud de lo anterior, se considera la Metodología de Participación Ciudadana empleada en la elaboración de los Catálogos del Paisaje de Cataluña junto con el trabajo de campo desarrollado, para presentar una propuesta metodológica, que caracterice los valores del paisaje en base a los criterios y consideraciones establecidos en el presente trabajo.Durant els últims anys en el marc del Sistema d'Avaluació d'Impacte Ambiental de Xile, s'han presentat observacions ciutadanes per part de comunitats indígenes de la Regió d'Antofagasta, que s'han vinculat amb l'afectació del paisatge des la perspectiva cultural, és a dir, impacte al sistema de vida i costums. Això, ha generat la identificació d'una oportunitat i un desafiament al seu torn, per a integrar en l'avaluació ambiental la caracterització dels valors del paisatge amb el grup humà que habita l'àrea d'influència del projecte o activitat. Sobre la base de això, es considera la Metodologia de Participació Ciutadana utilitzada en l'elaboració dels Catàlegs del Paisatge de Catalunya i en relació amb el treball de camp realitzat amb el grup d'actors rellevants: acadèmia, experts i representants de comunitats indígenes, aquest treball desenvolupa una proposta metodològica per incorporar els valors del paisatge en els projectes d'inversió i que s'avaluïn ambientalment amb els criteris i consideracions establerts en el present treball.In recent years, within the framework of Chile's Environmental Impact Assessment System, citizen observations have been submitted by indigenous communities in the Antofagasta Region, which indicate an impact on the landscape, from a cultural perspective, that is, impacts on the environment. way of life and customs. This creates an opportunity and a challenge to integrate the landscape values identified by the human group that inhabits the territory into the environmental assessment. By virtue of above, the Citizen Participation Methodology used in the preparation of the Landscape Catalogs of Catalonia is considered together with the fieldwork developed, to present a methodological proposal that characterizes the landscape values based on the criteria and considerations established in this work

Dynamics of earthquake nucleation process represented by the Burridge-Knopoff model

Dynamics of earthquake nucleation process is studied on the basis of the one-dimensional Burridge-Knopoff (BK) model obeying the rate- and state-dependent friction (RSF) law. We investigate the properties of the model at each stage of the nucleation process, including the quasi-static initial phase, the unstable acceleration phase and the high-speed rupture phase or a mainshock. Two kinds of nucleation lengths L_sc and L_c are identified and investigated. The nucleation length L_sc and the initial phase exist only for a weak frictional instability regime, while the nucleation length L_c and the acceleration phase exist for both weak and strong instability regimes. Both L_sc and L_c are found to be determined by the model parameters, the frictional weakening parameter and the elastic stiffness parameter, hardly dependent on the size of an ensuing mainshock. The sliding velocity is extremely slow in the initial phase up to L_sc, of order the pulling speed of the plate, while it reaches a detectable level at a certain stage of the acceleration phase. The continuum limits of the results are discussed. The continuum limit of the BK model lies in the weak frictional instability regime so that a mature homogeneous fault under the RSF law always accompanies the quasi-static nucleation process. Duration times of each stage of the nucleation process are examined. The relation to the elastic continuum model and implications to real seismicity are discussed.Comment: Title changed. Changes mainly in abstract and in section 1. To appear in European Physical Journal

Hydrolysable tannin-based diet rich in gallotannins has a minimal impact on pig performance but significantly reduces salivary and bulbourethral gland size

Tannins have long been considered anti-nutritional' factors in monogastric nutrition, shown to reduce feed intake and palatability. However, recent studies revealed that compared with condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins (HT) appear to have far less impact on growth performance, but may be inhibitory to the total activity of caecal bacteria. This in turn could reduce microbial synthesis of skatole and indole in the hindgut of entire male pigs (EM). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of a group of dietary HT on growth performance, carcass traits and boar taint compounds of group housed EM. For the study, 36 Swiss Large White boars were assigned within litter to three treatment groups. Boars were offered ad libitum one of three finisher diets supplemented with 0 (C), 15 (T15) or 30 g/kg (T30) of HT from day 105 to 165 of age. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, boar taint compounds in the adipose tissue and cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP2A19 gene expression in the liver was assessed. Compared with C, feed efficiency but not daily gain and daily feed intake was lower (P<0.05) in T15 and T30 boars. Except for the percentage carcass weight loss during cooling, which tended (P<0.10) to be greater in T30 than C and T15, carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. In line with the numerically lower androstenone level, bulbourethral and salivary glands of T30 boars were lighter (P<0.05) than of T15 with intermediate values for C. Indole level was lower (P<0.05) in the adipose tissue of T30 than C pigs with intermediate levels in T15. Skatole levels tended (P<0.10) to be lower in T30 and C than T15 pigs. Hepatic gene expression of CYP isoenzymes did not differ between-treatment groups, but was negatively correlated (P<0.05) with androstenone (CYP2E1 and CYP1A2), skatole (CYP2E1, CYP2A) and indole (CYP2A) level. In line with the numerically highest androstenone and skatole concentrations, boar taint odour but not flavour was detected by the panellists in loins from T15 compared with loins from C and T30 boars. These results provide evidence that HT affected metabolism of indolic compounds and androstenone and that they affected the development of accessory sex glands. However, the effects were too small to be detected by sensory evaluation

A systematic review of the evidence for single stage and two stage revision of infected knee replacement

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic infection about the knee is a devastating complication that may affect between 1% and 5% of knee replacement. With over 79 000 knee replacements being implanted each year in the UK, periprosthetic infection (PJI) is set to become an important burden of disease and cost to the healthcare economy. One of the important controversies in treatment of PJI is whether a single stage revision operation is superior to a two-stage procedure. This study sought to systematically evaluate the published evidence to determine which technique had lowest reinfection rates. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases with the aim to identify existing studies that present the outcomes of each surgical technique. Reinfection rate was the primary outcome measure. Studies of specific subsets of patients such as resistant organisms were excluded. RESULTS: 63 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The majority of which (58) were reports of two-stage revision. Reinfection rated varied between 0% and 41% in two-stage studies, and 0% and 11% in single stage studies. No clinical trials were identified and the majority of studies were observational studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for both one-stage and two-stage revision is largely of low quality. The evidence basis for two-stage revision is significantly larger, and further work into direct comparison between the two techniques should be undertaken as a priority