La mandragore, l'héritage des sources antiques

International audienc

Le livre de l'Olivier

4e éd.International audienc

Channelling of COX-2 inhibitors to patients at higher gastrointestinal risk

PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics of users of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors and traditional nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) in France. METHODS: Between 1 August 2003 and 31 July 2004, patients who received at least one dispensing of celecoxib, rofecoxib or tNSAIDs were randomly sampled with a 1:1:2 target ratio within the French National Healthcare Insurance database. Patients and prescribers were asked to fill a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, NSAID indication and use and previous medical history. For each respondent, healthcare resources used in the 6 months before inclusion were extracted from the database. Multivariate logistic regression was used to study the determinants of a first COX-2 inhibitor dispensing. RESULTS: Of the 45 217 patients included, 13 065 COX-2 inhibitors and 13 553 tNSAID users had prescriber data. Ninety seven per cent of COX-2 inhibitor prescriptions were for 'rheumatological' indications, whereas 37% of tNSAIDs use was for benign diseases (n = 2643) or analgesia (n = 2318). Among patients with rheumatological indications (n = 4730) and a first COX-2 inhibitor (n = 2427) or tNSAID (n = 2303) dispensing, multivariate analysis of factors associated with COX-2 inhibitors dispensing showed that, compared to new tNSAID users, new COX-2 inhibitor users were older, more often female, on sick leave or unemployed. COX-2 use was also associated with previous gastrointestinal history and previous gastroprotective agent dispensing, but not with previous cardiovascular (CV) history. CONCLUSION: The choice of NSAID depended largely on indication and on previous gastrointestinal history, in line with the recommendations of the French health authorities. Possible knowledge of CV risk associated with COX-2 inhibitors did not influence prescribing

Hematite phase diagram under laser shock compression

International audienceUntil recently, iron oxides were assumed to comprise only FeO, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3. However, static compression experiments have demonstrated the existence of new iron oxide stoichiometries at high pressure and temperature such as FeO2 [1], Fe4O5 [2], Fe5O6 [3], Fe13O19 [4]. These discoveries, with the wide variety of iron oxides phases existing at high pressure [5], highlight the complexity of iron-oxygen phase diagram at extreme condition. In this context, measurements of physical properties, phase transition processes and phase diagrams of Fe-O systems with laser shock compression techniques offer opportunities to extend the actual pressure and temperature ranges of such studies. Here, we will present main results from a laser shock experiment at the ID24 ESRF beamline using time-resolved X-ray absorption measurement on Fe2O3 samples. In addition, we will show results from a recent experiment performed at LULI 2000 to measure the equation of state and calculate sound velocities along the Fe2O3 Hugoniot and above 500GPa. [1] Hu2016 [2] Lavina 2011 [3] Lavina 2015 [4] Merlini 2015 [5] Bykova 201