BFFT quantization with nonlinear constraints

We consider the method due to Batalin, Fradkin, Fradkina, and Tyutin (BFFT) that makes the conversion of second-class constraints into first-class ones for the case of nonlinear theories. We first present a general analysis of an attempt to simplify the method, showing the conditions that must be fulfilled in order to have first-class constraints for nonlinear theories but that are linear in the auxiliary variables. There are cases where this simplification cannot be done and the full BFFT method has to be used. However, in the way the method is formulated, we show with details that it is not practicable to be done. Finally, we speculate on a solution for these problems.Comment: 19 pages, Late

Hamiltonian embedding of the massive noncommutative U(1) theory

We show that the massive noncommutative U(1) can be embedded in a gauge theory by using the BFFT Hamiltonian formalism. By virtue of the peculiar non-Abelian algebraic structure of the noncommutative massive U(1) theory, several specific identities involving Moyal commutators had to be used in order to make the embedding possible. This leads to an infinite number of steps in the iterative process of obtaining first-class constraints. We also shown that the involutive Hamiltonian can be constructed.Comment: 8 pages, Revtex (multicol

Erisipela

A erisipela é uma infecção dermo-hipodérmica aguda, não necrosante, geralmente causada pelo estreptococo β–hemolítico do grupo A. Em mais de 80% dos casos situa-se nos membros inferiores e são factores predisponentes a existência de solução de continuidade na pele, o linfedema crónico e a obesidade. O seu diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico e baseia-se na presença de placa inflamatória associada a febre,linfangite, adenopatia e leucocitose. Os exames bacteriológicos têm baixa sensibilidade ou positividade tardia. Nos casos atípicos é importante o diagnóstico diferencial com a fasceíte necrosante e a trombose venosa profunda. A penicilina continua a ser o antibiótico de referência, embora actualmente diversos fármacos, com propriedades farmacodinâmicas mais favoráveis, possam ser utilizados. A recidiva constitui a complicação mais frequente, sendo fundamental o correcto tratamento dos factores de risco

Thermodynamics of quantum crystalline membranes

We investigate the thermodynamic properties and the lattice stability of two-dimensional crystalline membranes, such as graphene and related compounds, in the low temperature quantum regime $T\rightarrow0$. A key role is played by the anharmonic coupling between in-plane and out-of plane lattice modes that, in the quantum limit, has very different consequences than in the classical regime. The role of retardation, namely of the frequency dependence, in the effective anharmonic interactions turns out to be crucial in the quantum regime. We identify a crossover temperature, $T^{*}$, between classical and quantum regimes, which is $\sim 70 - 90$ K for graphene. Below $T^{*}$, the heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient decrease as power laws with decreasing temperature, tending to zero for $T\rightarrow0$ as required by the third law of thermodynamics.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

Reply to 'Comment on "Thermodynamics of quantum crystalline membranes"'

In this note, we reply to the comment made by E.I.Kats and V.V.Lebedev [arXiv:1407.4298] on our recent work "Thermodynamics of quantum crystalline membranes" [Phys. Rev. B 89, 224307 (2014)]. Kats and Lebedev question the validity of the calculation presented in our work, in particular on the use of a Debye momentum as a ultra-violet regulator for the theory. We address and counter argue the criticisms made by Kats and Lebedev to our work.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Hamiltonian Embedding of SU(2) Higgs Model in the Unitary Gauge

Following systematically the generalized Hamiltonian approach of Batalin, Fradkin and Tyutin (BFT), we embed the second-class non-abelian SU(2) Higgs model in the unitary gauge into a gauge invariant theory. The strongly involutive Hamiltonian and constraints are obtained as an infinite power series in the auxiliary fields. Furthermore, comparing these results with those obtained from the gauged second class Lagrangian, we arrive at a simple interpretation for the first class Hamiltonian, constraints and observables.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, no figure

Teeth discoloration and prescribed slimming magistral formula : a case report

Poster presented at the 4th International Congress of CiiEM - "Health, Well-being and Ageing in the XXI Century." 2-5 June 2019, Campus Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, PortugalN/

Leukemia cutis resembling a flare-up of psoriasis

Abstract Leukemia cutis represents a skin infiltration by leukemic cells. Clinically it can mimic a wide variety of dermatoses. We describe the case of a 64-year-old man with psoriasis who presented with a 4-day history of erythematous, slightly scaly, asymptomatic plaques distributed on the trunk and upper-extremities, and associated asthenia, myalgias, and anorexia. A skin biopsy revealed a leukemic infiltrate. Studies of peripheral blood and bone marrow provided a diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia. This case report shows the importance of the clinical suspicion for the diagnosis of leukemia

DHT-based functionalities using hypercubes

Decoupling the permanent identifi er of a node from the node's topology-dependent address is a promising approach toward completely scalable self-organizing networks. Existing solutions use a logical tree-like structure that, although allowing for simple address assignment and management, lead to low route selection flexibility. This clearly results in low routing performance and poor resilience to failures. In this paper, we propose to increase the number of candidate paths by using incomplete hypercubes. We will see that this solution can cover a wide range of applications by adapting to the dynamics of the network1st IFIP International Conference on Ad-Hoc NetWorkingRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI