Luminescent Thermochromism of 2D Coordination Polymers Based on Copper(I) Halides with 4-Hydroxythiophenol

This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: Troyano, J., Perles, J., Amo‐Ochoa, P., Martínez, J. I., Concepción Gimeno, M., Fernández‐Moreira, V., ... & Delgado, S. (2016). Luminescent Thermochromism of 2D Coordination Polymers Based on Copper (I) Halides with 4‐Hydroxythiophenol. Chemistry–A European Journal, 22(50), 18027-18035., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201603675. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley-VCH Terms and Conditions for Self-ArchivingSolvothermal reactions between copper(I) halides and 4-mercaptophenol give rise to the formation of three coordination polymers with general formula [Cu3X(HT)2]n(X=Cl, 1; Br, 2; and I, 3). The structures of these coordination polymers have been determined by X-ray diffraction at both room- and low temperature (110 K), showing a general shortening in Cu−S, Cu−X and Cu−Cu bond lengths at low temperatures. 1 and 2 are isostructural, consisting of layers in which the halogen ligands act as μ3-bridges joining two Cu1 and one Cu2 atoms whereas in 3 the iodine ligands is as μ4-mode but the layers are quasi-isostructural with 1 or 2. These compounds show a reversible thermochromic luminescence, with strong orange emission for 1 and 2, but weaker for 3 at room temperature, whereas upon cooling at 77 K 1 and 2 show stronger yellow emission, and 3 displays stronger green emission. DFT calculations have been used to rationalize these observations. These results suggest a high potential for this novel and promising stimuli-responsive materialsThis work was supported by MICINN (MAT2013-46753-C2-1-P). JIM acknowledges funding from the ERC-Synergy Program (Grant ERC-2013-SYG-610256 NANOCOSMOS) and computing resources from CTI-CSIC

A computer-aided diagnosis of multiple sclerosis based on mfVEP recordings.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to develop a computer-aided diagnosis system to identify subjects at differing stages of development of multiple sclerosis (MS) using multifocal visual-evoked potentials (mfVEPs). Using an automatic classifier, diagnosis is performed first on the eyes and then on the subjects. Patients: MfVEP signals were obtained from patients with Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS) (n = 30 eyes), patients with Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) (n = 62 eyes), patients with definite MS (n = 56 eyes) and 22 control subjects (n = 44 eyes). The CIS and MS groups were divided into two subgroups: those with eyes affected by optic neuritis (ON) and those without (non-ON). Methods: For individual eye diagnosis, a feature vector was formed with information about the intensity, latency and singular values of the mfVEP signals. A flat multiclass classifier (FMC) and a hierarchical classifier (HC) were tested and both were implemented using the k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) algorithm. The output of the best eye classifier was used to classify the subjects. In the event of divergence, the eye with the best mfVEP recording was selected. Results: In the eye classifier, the HC performed better than the FMC (accuracy = 0.74 and extended Matthew Correlation Coefficient (MCC) = 0.68). In the subject classification, accuracy = 0.95 and MCC = 0.93, confirming that it may be a promising tool for MS diagnosis. Chirped-pulse φOTDR provides distributed strain measurement via a time-delay estimation process. We propose a lower bound for performance, after reducing sampling error and compensating phase-noise. We attempt to reach the limit, attaining unprecedented pε/√Hz sensitivities. Conclusion: In addition to amplitude (axonal loss) and latency (demyelination), it has shown that the singular values of the mfVEP signals provide discriminatory information that may be used to identify subjects with differing degrees of the disease.Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e InnovaciónInstituto de Salud Carlos II

Clinical characteristicas of patients suffering atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus. The attitude of the clinical cardiologist

[ES] [Resumen] Introducción y objetivos: La coexistencia de la fibrilación auricular y la diabetes mellitus es frecuente. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la manera como los cardiólogos tratamos a los pacientes que padecen ambas enfermedades en 2019. Métodos: Diseñamos un registro multicéntrico y prospectivo en el que incluimos todos los pacientes atendidos en consultas externas en los que coexistían ambas entidades. Se recogen parámetros clínicos, electrocardiográficos, ecocardiográficos y analíticos, el tratamiento que venían tomando los pacientes y la actitud terapéutica de los cardiólogos. Resultados: Durante 11 meses incluimos 658 pacientes, 55% mujeres, de 73,8 ± 8,5 años de edad. Encontramos una elevadísima prevalencia de otros factores de riesgo con diferencias significativas entre géneros. No se utiliza el ácido acetilsalicílico y se anticoagula al 96% de aquellos que lo precisan según las guías. Aquellos que siguen tratados con antivitamina K tienen un tiempo en rango terapéutico de Rosendaal de 59,8 ± 31, pero solo se optimiza el tratamiento en el 57,4% (rango de variabilidad entre cardiólogos 10-93%, p = 0,001) de los que tenían un tiempo en rango terapéutico < 65%. La hemoglobina glucosilada era de 7 ± 1,2, y el 37,5% presentaban cifras de hemoglobina glucosilada ≥ 7. Los cardiólogos optimizaron el tratamiento en el 35,2% de ellos (rango de variabilidad entre cardiólogos 6,3-93%, p = 0,0001). Si esta era ≥ 7,5, se optimizaba en el 46,3% y si era ≥ 9 en el 63,2%. Conclusiones: La coexistencia de fibrilación auricular y diabetes mellitus define una población de elevadísimo riesgo cardiovascular. La intervención del cardiólogo en el tratamiento anticoagulante y antidiabético es buena, pero mejorable, y hay gran variabilidad entre profesionales.[EN] Introduction and objectives: The coexistence of atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus is frequent. Our goal was to analyse how cardiologists treated patients with both pathologies in 2019. Methods: We designed a prospective, multicentre registry in which we included all the patients in whom both pathologies coexisted. Clinical, analytical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters were collected. In addition, we collected the treatment that patients had been taking and the attitude of cardiologists. Results: Over 11 months we included 658 patients, 55% women, 73.8 ± 8.5 years. We found an extremely high prevalence of other risk factors with significant differences between genders. Acetylsalicylic acid was not used and 96% of those who required it were anticoagulated according to the guidelines. Those who were treated with aVK had a Rosendaal's time in therapeutic range of 59.8 ± 31, but treatment was only optimized in 57.4% (range of variability between cardiologists 10%-93%, P = .001) of which < 65% had time in therapeutic range. Glycated haemoglobin was 7.0 ± 1.2, and 37.5% had glycated hemoglobin levels ≥ 7.0. Cardiologists optimized treatment in 35.2% of them (range of variability between cardiologists 6.3%-93%, P = .0001). If it was ≥ 7.5, it was optimized in 46.3% and if it was ≥ 9 in 63.2%. Conclusions: The coexistence of atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus defines a population with a very high cardiovascular risk. The intervention of the cardiologist in anticoagulant and antidiabetic treatment is good, but it can be improved, and there is great variability among professionals.Estudio financiado por la Agencia de Investigación de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, que recibió una beca no condicionada de Boehringer-Ingelheim-España

The GRAS gene family in pine: transcript expression patterns associated with the maturation-related decline of competence to form adventitious roots

[Background] Adventitious rooting is an organogenic process by which roots are induced from differentiated cells other than those specified to develop roots. In forest tree species, age and maturation are barriers to adventitious root formation by stem cuttings. The mechanisms behind the respecification of fully differentiated progenitor cells, which underlies adventitious root formation, are unknown.[Results] Here, the GRAS gene family in pine is characterized and the expression of a subset of these genes during adventitious rooting is reported. Comparative analyses of protein structures showed that pine GRAS members are conserved compared with their relatives in angiosperms. Relatively high GRAS mRNA levels were measured in non-differentiated proliferating embryogenic cultures and during embryo development. The mRNA levels of putative GRAS family transcription factors, including Pinus radiata’s SCARECROW (SCR), PrSCR, and SCARECROW-LIKE (SCL) 6, PrSCL6, were significantly reduced or non-existent in adult tissues that no longer had the capacity to form adventitious roots, but were maintained or induced after the reprogramming of adult cells in rooting-competent tissues. A subset of genes, SHORT-ROOT (PrSHR), PrSCL1, PrSCL2, PrSCL10 and PrSCL12, was also expressed in an auxin-, age- or developmental-dependent manner during adventitious root formation.[Conclusions] The GRAS family of pine has been characterized by analyzing protein structures, phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs and gene expression patterns. Individual genes within each group have acquired different and specialized functions, some of which could be related to the competence and reprogramming of adult cells to form adventitious roots.This work was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2011-30462 RootPine to C.D.-S.). The Pinus pinea GRAS sequences used for comparison analysis were identified in a project funded by the Regional Government of Madrid (S2009AMB-1668 REGENFOR-CM to C.D.-S)

Micropropagation of mature Quercus robur trees from forced flushing branch segments

El objeto de este estudio fue micropropagar arboles adultos de Quercus robur L. cuando material que retiene caracteristicas fisiologicas no esta disponible. Segmentos de ramas de arboles de 70-300 anos de edad se forzaron a brotar y los nuevos brotes desarrollados se utilizaron como fuente de establecimiento de los cultivos. La capacidad de multiplicacion de los brotes disminuye en los sucesivos subcultivos cuando los cultivos se disponen verticalmente. Sin embargo, se consiguio una elevada tasa de multiplicacion mediante el subcultivo de los explantos en posicion horizontal sobre medio GD suplementado con 0.89 mM de Ba. La capacidad de enraizamiento, que aumento con un tratamiento inicial de oscuridad de 5 dias, vario entre el 15 y el 46 por ciento dependiendo del clon.Peer reviewe

Foreed flushing of branch segments as a method for obtaining reactive explants of mature Quercus robur trees for micropropagation

The aim of this study was to micropropagate mature Quercus robur L. trees when material retaining physiologically juvenile characteristics (stump sprouts, epicormic shoots) is not available. Branch segments from 70–300 year-old trees were force-flushed and the flushed, partially rejuvenated or reinvigorated shoots were used as a source of explants for establishment of cultures. In vitro establishment and multiplication was achieved with seven of the eight selected trees. The proliferation capacity of cultures of vertically placed explants declined after several subcultures, but efficient shoot multiplication was achieved by culturing decapitated shoots placed horizontally on GD medium supplemented with 0.89 μM of 6-benzyladenine. Reculturing the same horizontal explant several times allowed both higher multiplication rates and a shorter subculture cycle (2 weeks). An initial dark period of 5 days generally improved rooting capacity, which ranged, depending on clone, from 15 to 46%.Peer reviewe

Morphogenetic and polypeptide markers differentiating juvenile and adult tissues in chestnut shoots cultured in vitro

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