Studying the genetic relationship among three populations for Musca domestica L. (Diptera : Muscidae) in Iraq by using RAPD-PCR Technique

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction RAPD-PCR  Technique was used in this study to investigate genetic relationship among three populations of housefly Musca domestica (L.) from Northern, Middle and Southern Iraq. Environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity and the amount of annual rainfall to be different in the northern, Middle and Southern Iraq , In addition to the northern of Iraq away from the southern a distance of 1,000 km and away from the middle distance of approximately 500 km or less, as well as there are some mountains and rivers separating northern Iraq from the middle and south , these environmental conditions act as geographical barriers to gen flow among the three population. We have used in this study nine primers and Tools For Population Genetic Analysis (TFPGA) software was used to calculate percentage efficiency of each primer and percentage of discriminatory ability of each primer , In addition to Nei’s genetic identity. The results showed that the primer No. 3 gave the highest of percentage efficiency and percentage of discriminatory ability which is 17.24 and 17.07 respectively ., While primer No. 6 gave The lowest of percentage efficiency and percentage of discriminatory ability which is 5.74 and 6.09 respectively ., The genetic identity among three populations ranges from 1.383 to 1.586, which reveals that there is a low level of genetic identity reflecting the fact that the environmental conditions appear to act as a barrier to gene flow among these populations. Keywords: Musca domestica , RAPD-PCR , Northern , Middle , Southern , Ira

Description of Sivalhippus (Equidae: Perissodactyla) from the Late Miocene Siwalik Sub-Group of Pakistan

New fossil mandible as well as isolated upper and lower dentitions of the late Miocene Hipparionine species, have been discovered from a locality of Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan. By using morphometric and morphologic analysis, we have deduced that these specimens belong to Sivalhippus theobaldi. The body size of this species was intermediate between Sivalhippus perimensis and Hipparion antilopinum while its hypsodonty indicates that this species was a grazer to a larger extent which existed in mosaic of woodland and grassland in the Latest Miocene. However, the comparison with the recent horse (Equus caballus) mandible indicates some differences in dental and jaw lengths. The recent horse tends to have bigger and longer molars (higher hypsodonty indices) which may be attributed to a response towards changing vegetation, started at the end of the Miocene (ca. 6-7 Ma) strengthening the hypothesis that adaptive physiologies are a response towards a changing climate

Solar powered outdoor air purifier with air quality monitoring

This paper has documented the detailed design, fabrication and test of a solar powered air purifier prototypee with a High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter (HEPA) and Carbon Filters which can achieve air purification with selfsustainable ability. Besides. Several tests have been conducted to assess the performance of the proposed solar operated air purifier. In the first test, a 67.37% efficiency is achieved for the solar panel. Second test of air purifier test has shown the efficiency of cleaning ammonia pollutant in the air as 43.55% for burning cigarettes and 35.33% for floor detergent using the equipped two MQ135 sensors. The findings are showing that the floor detergent might have higher rate of diffusion than ammonia molecule found in cigarette smoke

Auto indoor hydroponics plant growth chamber

The objective of this project is to build an auto indoor hydroponics plant growing chamber that has an auto monitoring and controlling system. A ESP32 based hydroponics electrical system is built with the attachment of hardware components such as temperature and humidity sensor, light intensity sensor, water level sensor, and water flow rate sensor. The software development of the system is through Arduino IoT Cloud platform, which has an overall suitability in terms of features, cost, and user intuitiveness for starters. Results have shown that ESP32 can ensure stable power supply. After testing and validation, all of the electrical components are stored in a power enclosure box to prevent contact with liquid. In short, the developed auto indoor hydroponics plant growth chamber has effectively demonstrated the ability in easing the plant cultivation procedure for agricultural community

A design and fabrication of a solar agriculture water pumping system

This study explores the use of a solar driven water pump. PV technology replaces conventional electricity and diesel pumps by using solar energy to power DC or AC water pumps. The main objective of this study is to design and construct a solar-powered agriculture water pumping system and to evaluate its performance. The solar agriculture water pumping system used in this project consists of a 40-watt monocrystalline solar cell with an efficiency conversion of between 23% – 24%. This can supply power to a 16.8 W DC Flow Submersible Pump. It could lift the water up to 5m and a flow range of 700 Liter/Hour. The system also includes a PWM 30A Solar Charge Controller to regulate the input power to a 12V, 7.2A Sealed Rechargeable Battery. Finally, a 20m long watering kit with nozzles irrigation system is connected to a 12V DC Submersible Pump to water the plants

The impact of COVID-19 on solid waste generation in the perspectives of socioeconomic and people's behavior: a case study in Serdang, Malaysia

Malaysia has enforced several phases of Movement Control Order (MCO) as a quarantine period since 18 March 2020 with the intended purpose of containing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The quarantine has affected people’s daily lives with frequent job dismissal and retrenchment due to the struggling economic conditions of particularly small and medium businesses. This study aimed to understand the impact of MCO on solid waste management in Serdang, Selangor from the aspects of socioeconomic and people’s behavior. Solid waste generation data in Serdang, Selangor was collected by KDEB Waste Management through waste weighing daily throughout 2019 and 2020. The collection was conducted according to different housing areas of Serdang. The quantitative findings have recorded a decline of 9.94% in solid waste data generation subjected to COVID-19 lockdown. In conjunction with that, an online questionnaire participated by 310 respondents was conducted on understanding the effect of the lockdown on people’s behavior and socioeconomic aspect with respect to solid waste management. This study revealed that June onwards (after MCO Phase 1) generated the most solid waste. Indeed, solid waste generation due to MCO according to the waste refusal behavior is the consensus in favor of Malaysia’s appropriate need for stricter policies

Correction to: Do pain, anxiety and depression influence quality of life for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease? A national study reconciling previous conflicting literature.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Oliver Hanemann name was incorrect in the in the acknowledgements section of this paper

Do pain, anxiety and depression influence quality of life for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease? A national study reconciling previous conflicting literature (vol 267, pg 607, 2020)

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Oliver Hanemann name was incorrect in the in the acknowledgements section of this paper