Impact of plasma nanostructuring on the electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films

In this work, the impact of the plasma treatment, during the formation of nanostructure arrays on the surface of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films on glass substrates, on the conductivity of the films both in the lateral direction and in the direction normal to the substrate surface was studied. The initial Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films with the Ga/(In + Ga) ratio in the range of 0.03–0.12 were obtained by thermal selenization process of stacked metallic precursors and by co-evaporation of all elements from various sources. The plasma treatment was carried out in a high-density low-pressure RF inductively coupled plasma reactor in argon plasma. The average ion energy was 200 eV, the processing time was 60 s. It is shown that the processes of the plasma nanostructuring of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 film surface lead to the formation of a thin modified near-surface layer with a resistivity of 2–3 orders of magnitude less than for the bulk of the film

Nanostructuring of the CIGS Films Surface by the Plasma Treatment with Low Ion Energy

We report on surface nanostructuring of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films using inductively coupled argon plasma treatment with the ion energy of 25–30eV within 30–120s. The films were fabricated on glass substrates using the selenization method and had a polycrystalline structure. We demonstrate that the plasma treatment results in the formation of tip-shaped nanostructure arrays with the geometrical parameters controlled by the treatment duration. The features of the surface nanostructuring using low energy ions are discussed

Synthesis and aggregation properties of new biodegradable amphiphilic derivatives of p-tert-butylphenol for green separation of Gd(III) ions

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. The work introduces a synthesis of novel amphiphilic p-. tert-butylphenol derivatives with the polyethyleneoxide and biodegradable ionogenic polyethylenecarbonate moieties. The dependence of their aggregation behaviour on the lengths of polyethyleneoxide and polyethylenecarbonate chains indicates the impact of the hydrophilic moieties and ionogenic end-groups in the aggregation behaviour of the amphiphiles. The micelles of the amphiphiles are negatively charged, although neither pH nor counter ions (exemplified by Gd(III) ions) affects the values of their critical micelle concentrations. The presence of the ionogenic end-groups is the main reason of the pH and concentration dependent extraction of Gd(III) ions from the neutral (pH 6.2-7.2) aqueous solutions of the amphiphiles through their phase separation at room temperatures. The extraction regularities point on the stoichiometric binding of the amphiphilic molecules with Gd(III) ions as the main reason of the phase separation in their aqueous solutions. Nevertheless the micellization of the amphiphiles is responsible for the peculiar concentration effect on the extraction of Gd(III) ions from the aqueous solutions

Новообразования молочной железы с неопределенным потенциалом злокачественности (B3): опыт применения вакуум-ассистированной биопсии под ультразвуковой навигацией

INTRODUCTION: Introduction of breast cancer screening programs has led to an increase in detection of non-palpable masses requiring core needle biopsy. Masses that fall into B3 category based on the histological results of core biopsy specimens, are of interest precisely because of their uncertain malignant potential and the lack of a final consensus on their management.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the 3-year experience of ultrasound guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) in patients with B3 breast lesions based on the results of histological examination of core biopsy specimens.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2019 and June 2022, 163 VABs were performed. The study group included patients with category 2–4 breast lesions according to the BI-RADS scoring system. The decision to perform VAB was made by the oncologist in each specific case on the basis of anamnesis, clinical data and the results of core biopsy histological examination: in cases of B3 or B2 lesions with a discordant radiologic pattern.RESULTS: In 155 (95.0%) cases, the removed lesions were benign, invasive cancer was detected in 2 (1.2%) cases, ductal cancer in situ in 6 cases (3.8%). The сomplications included: in 5 (3.1%) cases, patients had pain after the procedure, and in 37 (22.7%) cases there was a hematoma. In 5 (3.1%) patients, residual tissue was found at the site of removed lesions. CONCLUSIONS: VAB is a safe alternative to exploratory surgery in patients with B3 lesions diagnosed by core biopsy.ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Внедрение программ скрининга рака молочных желез привело к увеличению частоты обнаружения непальпируемых образований, требующих проведения трепан-биопсии. Новообразования, попадающие в категорию B3, согласно результатам гистологического исследования трепанбиоптатов, вызывают интерес именно из-за их неопределенного потенциала злокачественности и отсутствия окончательного консенсуса дальнейшей тактики.ЦЕЛЬ: Проанализировать 3-летний опыт применения вакуум-ассистированной биопсии (ВАБ) под ультразвуковым контролем у пациенток с очаговыми новообразованиями молочных желез при полученных результатах гистологического исследования трепан-биоптатов.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: В период с июня 2019 г. по июнь 2022 г было выполнено 163 ВАБ. В группу исследования вошли пациентки с новообразованиями молочных желез категорий 2–4 по шкале BI-RADS. Решение о выполнении ВАБ принималось онкологом в каждом конкретном случае на основании анамнестических, клинических данных и результатов гистологического исследования трепан-биоптатов: при определении образований категории В3 или В2 при дискордантной лучевой картине.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: В 155 (95,0%) случаях удаленные новообразования имели доброкачественный характер, инвазивный рак выявлен в 2 (1,2%) случаях, протоковый рак in situ — в 6 случаях (3,8%). Осложнения: в 5 (3,1%) случаях после проведенной процедуры у пациенток имелся болевой симптом, а в 37 (22,7%) случаях проведение процедуры сопровождалось появлением гематомы. У 5 (3,1%) пациенток была выявлена остаточная ткань в зоне удаленных новообразований.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Вакуум-ассистированная биопсия является безопасной альтернативой диагностической хирургии у пациенток с поражениями категории B3, диагностированными при трепан-биопсии

Тонометрическое внутриглазное давление у взрослого населения: популяционное исследование

PURPOSE: To study the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) obtained by Maklakov tonometry in different age groups.METHODS: The study evaluated Caucasians without glaucoma aged 45-75. The participants underwent Maklakov tonometry with a 10 g tonometer at 09:00-12:00 with subsequent imprint evaluation by means of NesterovEgorov scale, measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT) and visual acuity. All the participants were divided into 3 groups by age: Group 1 consisted of participants aged 45-55, Group 2 comprised the ones aged 56-65, Group 3 included patients aged 66-75.RESULTS: In total 791 person were enrolled; 1 429 of 1 499 eyes (95.3%) were accepted into the study. IOP in Group I was 16.1±3.3 mmHg in Group 1; 16.3±3.3 in Group 2; 16.2±3.5 mmHg in Group 3. CCT in Group 1 was 545.7±14.6 μm; 545.3±15.4 μm in Group 2; 544.7±14.6 μm in Group 3. Visual acuity was 0.93±0.13 in Group 1; 0.89±0.15 in Group 2; 0.81±0.18 in Group 3. Average IOP in men was 16.4±3.3 mmHg, in women 16.5±3.3 mmHg. Age, vision acuity, CCT and IOP were within the normal distribution; IOP and CCT had no significant differences between the age groups. The measured parameters showed no significant intercorrelation. We found no significant difference between IOP in men and women.CONCLUSION: In a healthy population CCT and IOP values fall within a normal distribution and do not change significantly with age. IOP does not depend on sex. Average IOP in the studied population is 16.2±3.4 mmHg, average CCT is 545.3±15.1 μm.ЦЕЛЬ. Исследовать возрастные нормы внутриглазного давления (ВГД) при использовании тонометрии по Маклакову.МЕТОДЫ. Обследовали лиц европеоидной расы без глаукомы в возрасте 45-75 лет. Исследуемым измеряли ВГД тонометром Маклакова весом 10 грамм в период с 9:00 до 12:00 с последующей оценкой отпечатка по линейке Нестерова - Егорова, измеряли центральную толщину роговицы (ЦТР) и проверяли остроту зрения. Всех исследуемых разделили на три группы по возрасту: группа 1 — 45-55 лет, группа 2 — 56-65 лет, группа 3 — 66-75 лет.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Обследован 791 человек; из 1 499 глаз приняты 1 429 (95,3%). ВГД составило в группе 1 — 16,1±3,3 мм рт.ст.; в группе 2 — 16,3±3,3 мм рт.ст.; в группе 3 — 16,2±3,5 мм рт.ст. ЦТР составило в группе 1 — 545,7±14,6 мкм; в группе 2 — 545,3±15,4 мкм; в группе 3 — 544,7±14,6 мкм. Острота зрения составила в группе 1 — 0,93±0,13; в группе 2 — 0,89±0,15; в группе 3 — 0,81±0,18. Среднее ВГД у мужчин — 16,4±3,3 мм рт.ст., у женщин — 16,5±3,3 мм рт.ст. Возраст, острота зрения, ЦТР и ВГД имеют нормальное распределение; ВГД и ЦТР в разных группах достоверно не различаются. Наблюдаемые параметры ни в одном случае значимо не коррелируют друг с другом. Не выявлено разницы в ВГД у мужчин и женщин.ВЫВОДЫ. В здоровой взрослой популяции ЦТР и ВГД имеют нормальное распределение и не претерпевают значимых изменений с возрастом. ВГД не зависит от пола. Среднее ВГД в исследуемой популяции составляет 16,2±3,4 мм рт.ст., средняя ЦТР — 545,3±15,1 мкм

Tom's Effect in Hydraulic Systems and The Maximum Efficiency for Pumps with Different Speed Coefficients

The maximum efficiency coefficients for pumps with different speed coefficients have been determined. Using Tom’s effect in hydraulic systems and the methods of modeling, the efficiency of hydro-dynamically active additives on the power, supply, pressure and efficiency was determined and calculated

Solvability of an inverse problem for the kinetic equation and a symbolic algorithm

In this work, we derive the solvability conditions for an inverse problem for the kinetic equation and develop a new symbolic algorithm to obtain the approximate solution of the problem. The computational experiments show that proposed method provides highly accurate numerical solutions even subjecting to a large noise in the given data. Copyright © 2010 Tech Science Press

Uniqueness in an integral geometry problem and an inverse problem for the kinetic equation

In this paper, we discuss the uniqueness in an integral geometry problem along the straight lines in a strongly convex domain. Our problem is related with the problem of finding a Riemannian metric by the distances between all pairs of the boundary points. For the proof, the problem is reduced to an inverse source problem for a kinetic equation and then the uniqueness theorem is proved using the tools of Fourier analysis. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.University of Tokyo: 15H05740 Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceMost part of the paper has been written during the stay of the second-named author at Department of Mathematical Sciences of The University of Tokyo and the stay was supported by the program ?Leading Graduate Course for Frontiers of Mathematical Sciences and Physics?. The third-named author is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 15H05740 of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

An inverse problem for the general kinetic equation and a numerical method

This paper has two purposes. The first is to prove existence and uniqueness theorems for the solution of an inverse problem for the general linear kinetic equation with a scattering term. The second one is to develop a numerical approximation method for the solution of this inverse problem for two dimensional case using finite difference method.© 2009 Tech Science Press