A study on nurses’ viewpoint about methods of free visit in intensive care units in Besat hospital affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, 2015-2016

BACKGROUND: In spite of the evidence of advantages of visitation, the ban on visit in Iran's intensive care units (ICUs) is still underway, and this issue is always a challenging topic that encounters different behaviors in dealing with the phenomenon of visiting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers and strategies for establishing a free visit system in ICUs from the viewpoints of health care providers.METHODS: In this descriptive study, 100 nurses working in ICU were evaluated. The data were collected using a demographic information registration form and a questionnaire on attitudes and views about visit in special units which were analyzed by SPSS software using t-test and chi-square test.RESULTS: 33.3% of cases were men and 66.7% of them were women. Most of the cases (67.9%) were married. The shortest work experience in the ICU was 5 months and the longest was 132 months. The average work experience of the cases in the ICU was 60 months.CONCLUSION: The majority of nurses believe that free visit can interfere with nursing cares. This interference involves direct intervention, more time spent explaining to the patient's family, and creating a busy environment that is the cause of the errors. The time of the visit is largely regulated by healthcare providers, their attitudes towards the topic, as well as their concerns about this issue

The relationship between spiritual intelligence and self-management in patients with diabetes

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. Metabolic control and following diet therapy in teenagers with type 1 diabetes are weaker than children before the adolescence stage. One of the most important factors influencing self-management seems to be spiritual intelligence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and self-management in patients with diabetes.METHODS: The population of this descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of all adolescents with type 1 diabetes referring to the clinic of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran, which were 194 people. Data were collected by interview and using a questionnaire. Sampling method was available or simple sampling. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software.RESULTS: The majority of people were in the middle period of adolescence. More than half (88.5%) of them had a moderate and good economic situation and the majority of them (62.5%) had a history of diabetes in the family. Most of the people (56.5%) had an average duration of diabetes. More than half of the subjects were the first and second children of the family.CONCLUSION: The results showed that self-management increased with increasing spiritual intelligence of individuals, and with decreasing spiritual intelligence, self-management decreased; in other words, there was a positive and significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and self-management.

Effect of Chrysin on AGS human gastric cancer cell line

Background and Objective: Chrysin is a natural and active biological component which is extracted from plants, honey and propolis. Chrysin has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant propertis. This study was done to evaluate the effect of chrysin on AGS human gastric cancer cell line. Methods: In this descriptive - analytic study, chrysin was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the cytotoxic effects of concentrations of 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 ,50, 60, 70, 80, and 100 µM/ml of chrysin on AGS cells was evaluated. Viability of the cells was determined with MTT assay after 24, 48 and 72 hours and compared to controls. Results: Chrysin inhibited the growth and proliferation of human gastric cancer AGS cell line. The antiproliferative effect of chrysin was dose and time dependent. The IC50 values were determined for 60, 30 and 20 µM, in incubation time of 24, 48 and 72 hour, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Chrysin proved to have antiproliferative activity on human gastric cancer cells in culture mediu

Determining the relationship between annual EPS and stock trading volume based on expectancy theory

To overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the efficient market theory, financial literacy needed approaches to be more consistent with the empirical evidences. Therefore, some activities called non-expecting utility theories “non-EU” were proposed and other models were also proposed in order to answer empirical evidences. One of the most important theories is the Expectancy Theory. In descriptive model of expectancy theory, investors maximize their value function. Schifrin and Stedman (1985) have changed the expectancy theory to a wider theoretical framework with investment approach, which is called disposition effect. Disposition effect states that investors sell shares in the position of profit sooner and keep shares in the position of loss for a long time. This study examines the explanation of annual EPS in stock trading volume based on disposition theory in Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this goal, two hypotheses were proposed: 1) there is a meaningful relationship between positive surprises of EPS and trading volume, 2) there is no meaningful relationship between negative surprise of EPS and trading volume. The results indicate that the relationship between annual EPS and stock trading volume is based on disposition theory. And according to the results of the research hypotheses, there is disposition effect in Iran

Determining the relationship between annual EPS and stock trading volume based on expectancy theory

To overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the efficient market theory, financial literacy needed approaches to be more consistent with the empirical evidences. Therefore, some activities called non-expecting utility theories “non-EU” were proposed and other models were also proposed in order to answer empirical evidences. One of the most important theories is the Expectancy Theory. In descriptive model of expectancy theory, investors maximize their value function. Schifrin and Stedman (1985) have changed the expectancy theory to a wider theoretical framework with investment approach, which is called disposition effect. Disposition effect states that investors sell shares in the position of profit sooner and keep shares in the position of loss for a long time. This study examines the explanation of annual EPS in stock trading volume based on disposition theory in Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this goal, two hypotheses were proposed: 1) there is a meaningful relationship between positive surprises of EPS and trading volume, 2) there is no meaningful relationship between negative surprise of EPS and trading volume. The results indicate that the relationship between annual EPS and stock trading volume is based on disposition theory. And according to the results of the research hypotheses, there is disposition effect in Iran

Determining the relationship between annual EPS and stock trading volume based on expectancy theory

To overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the efficient market theory, financial literacy needed approaches to be more consistent with the empirical evidences. Therefore, some activities called non-expecting utility theories “non-EU” were proposed and other models were also proposed in order to answer empirical evidences. One of the most important theories is the Expectancy Theory. In descriptive model of expectancy theory, investors maximize their value function. Schifrin and Stedman (1985) have changed the expectancy theory to a wider theoretical framework with investment approach, which is called disposition effect. Disposition effect states that investors sell shares in the position of profit sooner and keep shares in the position of loss for a long time. This study examines the explanation of annual EPS in stock trading volume based on disposition theory in Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this goal, two hypotheses were proposed: 1) there is a meaningful relationship between positive surprises of EPS and trading volume, 2) there is no meaningful relationship between negative surprise of EPS and trading volume. The results indicate that the relationship between annual EPS and stock trading volume is based on disposition theory. And according to the results of the research hypotheses, there is disposition effect in Iran

Anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of propolis on AGS cell line

Introduction: Propolis is a natural product derived from various plant resins collected by honeybees, and has been used as a folk medicine for centuries. Propolis has been reported to exhibit a broad spectrum of activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) obtained from Dinaran area (Iran) on AGS human gastric cancer cell line. Methods: The ethanolic extract of samples was obtained by ethanol 96 and pure extract was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and used for experiments. The cytotoxic effects of various concentrations of EEP on AGS cells were investigated by MTT assay test after 24, 48, and 72 hours and compared with control cells. Results: The EEP inhibited the growth and proliferation of AGS human gastric cancer cell line. The antiproliferative effects were revealed in a dose and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values were recorded as 60, 30, and 15 (&mu;g/ml) in treatment times of 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the native EEP has strong antiproliferative effects against cancerous AGS cells. Thus, propolis and related products may provide a novel approach to the chemoprevention and treatment of human gastric cancer.</p

Numerical Simulation of Bijar-Divandere Plain Aquifer Using MODFLOW Code and Investigation in The Effects of Drought on Its Quantitative Changes

In this study, quantitative changes in groundwater in Bijar-Divandere plain with MODFLOW code in GMS software were investigated. Aquifer simulation was performed for a period of six years and a monthly step from October 2010 to June 2016. The SPI annual drought index was calculated for the statistical period of 1987-2015. The results of groundwater simulation showed that during the annual simulation period, there was a decrease of about 0.5 m water level in the aquifer, the intensity of which varied in different areas. Therefore, due to the decrease and taking into account the area and the average amount of storage capacity of the aquifer, the volume of the aquifer has been reduced by about 1.3 MCM per year. The results showed that if the current management process continues, over the next few years we will see a sharp decline in the aquifer and irreparable damage. The results of SPI index also indicated that the drought situation was close to normal, which means that drought has a much lesser effect on the groundwater level of the aquifer in different years

The effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy for the control of weight and fasting blood sugar in the type 2 diabetic patients

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: با وجودی که نقش تغذیه درمانی در اداره دیابت از ابتدا مورد توجه قرار گرفته ولی کارآیی آن در دراز مدت کمتر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. بر همین اساس، این مطالعه به منظور تعیین کارآیی دراز مدت تغذیه درمانی در کنترل بیماران دیابتی نوع 2 صورت گرفته است. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه مداخله ای قبل و بعد 163 بیمار دیابتی نوع 2 که تازه تشخیص داده شده بودند مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ابتدا بیماران توسط کارشناس تغذیه ویزیت و ضمن تنظیم یک رژیم غذایی مناسب، آموزش های لازم در زمینه کالری ترکیبات غذایی، مقدار غذا، میان وعده و زمان غذا خوردن بر پایه کیفیت و عادات زندگی، وضعیت زندگی و وزن بیمار به آنها ارائه گردید. پس از یک ماه بیماران مجدداً توسط کارشناس تغذیه ویزیت و چگونگی کنترل شاخص ها، رژیم غذایی و چگونگی رعایت آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پی‌گیری شاخص‌ها (وزن، قندخون، هموگلوبین گلیکوزیله) در فواصل 3 ماهه، 6 ماهه و یکساله انجام شد و نتایج با استفاده از آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس مشاهدات تکرار شونده (Repeated Measures, ANOVA) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین سن بیماران مراجعه ‌کننده 3/9±2/51 سال بود. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه در ابتدای مطالعه و سه ماه بعد از آن به ترتیب میزان قند خون 5/52±1/144 و 2/43±119 میلی گرم بر دسی لیتر (001/0

Information Organization in Children's and Primary Schools Libraries

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent that information organization in several children's and primary school libraries merits the quality characteristics suggested by the library professional community schools in Tehran. Methods: A systematic literature review based on the PRISMA framework and focus group interviews were carried out to explore what criteria and standards are suggested for information organization in children’s libraries. Data analysis at this stage was done through thematic analysis. Based on the findings, a checklist was designed to find out to what extent such considerations were actually observed by librarians in investigated libraries. The data gathered by a checklist were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Characteristics identified included themes and components affecting the information organization process in three sections: descriptive cataloging, analytical cataloging, and classification. In the descriptive cataloging section, in connection with the main category of standard cataloging, cataloging according to the standards and cataloging rules, and in the category of notes, inserting abstracts and table of contents and including the age group or level of education. In the analytical cataloging section, the focus was on the function and mission of the information organization; with regard to the user, the focus was on the needs, interests, and expressive characteristics of users in different age groups and educational levels; in the category of information sources, identifying topics and resource-based activities through communication with experts, sites, groups, and organizations related to children's literature, such as groups to promote reading and attention to the table of contents and images; and in the category of methods and tools for assigning topics and standards and as specific and practical keywords as possible (via Persian Subject Headings, Subject Headings for Children, thesaurus, and social labeling), creating an ontology and establishing semantic relationships between subjects, assigning more than three topics and keywords to each resource, inserting the format of the work, were suggested as a subdivision into topics as much as possible and the creation of an appropriate reference system for the uniformity of topics and keywords. With regard to classification, Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), and with regard to supplementary methods, the separation of resources based on thematic classification and the separation of resources according to an age group or educational level was suggested. The second part of the research showed that more than half of the school libraries had used ISO through the National Library bibliography database. In the notes section, most librarians listed the appropriate age group for the book. The topics in the analytical cataloging section are devoted to items such as age group, book images, and format, CIP topics, and rarely keywords are allocated through indexing and content analysis of the book. Librarians have paid less attention to other influential components such as school functions and duties, students' interests, and so on. In the category of classification, libraries have mostly used DDC and general topics along with other symbols and methods. Conclusion: Insufficient attention has been paid to storing, representing, and retrieving children's information resources based on the themes and components of the identified characteristics