Towards Best Practices for Crowdsourcing Ontology Alignment Benchmarks

Ontology alignment systems establish the semantic links between ontologies that enable knowledge from various sources and domains to be used by automated applications in many different ways. Unfortunately, these systems are not perfect. Currently, the results of even the best-performing automated alignment systems need to be manually verified in order to be fully trusted. Ontology alignment researchers have turned to crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon\u27s Mechanical Turk to accomplish this. However, there has been little systematic analysis of the accuracy of crowdsourcing for alignment verification and the establishment of best practices. In this work, we analyze the impact of the presentation of the context of potential matches and the way in which the question is presented to workers on the accuracy of crowdsourcing for alignment verification. Our overall recommendations are that users interested in high precision are likely to achieve the best results by presenting the definitions of the entity labels and allowing workers to respond with true/false to the question of whether or not an equivalence relationship exists. Conversely, if the alignment researcher is interested in high recall, they are better off presenting workers with a graphical depiction of the entity relationships and a set of options about the type of relation that exists, if any

Sumatriptan effects on morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence: The role of nitric oxide

Sumatriptan, a 5HT (5-hydroxytryptamine)1B/1D receptor agonist, showed neuroprotection in different studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sumatriptan on morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence. We also investigated the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) on sumatriptan effects. Tolerance was induced by morphine injection (50, 50, 75 mg/kg) three times daily for five days. Antinociceptive latency after acute and chronic treatment with sumatriptan (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) was measured by hot plate test in morphine-dependent animals. To investigate the possible involvement of NO, different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors including L-NAME, aminoguanidine and 7-nitroindazole were co-administered with sumatriptan. Nitrite level in mice hippocampus was quantified by Griess method. To examine the role of sumatriptan on physical dependence, three parameters of withdrawal signs were recorded after injection of naloxone (4 mg/kg). Acute treatment with sumatriptan (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) attenuated the antinociceptive tolerance (P < 0.001). Chronic injection of sumatriptan (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg), as well, decreased the antinociceptive tolerance (P < 0.001). Moreover, co-administration of NOS inhibitors prevented the effects of sumatriptan. Sumatriptan significantly increased the level of nitrite only after chronic administration. Sumatriptan administration showed no alteration in naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs. Acute and chronic administration of sumatriptan attenuated morphine antinociceptive tolerance; at least in chronic phase via nitrergic pathway. Our data did not support beneficial effects of sumatriptan on morphineinduced physical dependence in mice

Results of the ontology alignment evaluation initiative 2020

The Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) aims at comparing ontology matching systems on precisely defined test cases. These test cases can be based on ontologies of different levels of complexity and use different evaluation modalities (e.g., blind evaluation, open evaluation, or consensus). The OAEI 2020 campaign offered 12 tracks with 36 test cases, and was attended by 19 participants. This paper is an overall presentation of that campaign

Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2021

The Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) aims at comparing ontology matching systems on precisely defined test cases. These test cases can be based on ontologies of different levels of complexity and use different evaluation modalities (e.g., blind evaluation, open evaluation, or consensus). The OAEI 2021 campaign offered 13 tracks and was attended by 21 participants. This paper is an overall presentation of that campaig

Towards Best Practices for Crowdsourcing Ontology Alignment Benchmarks

Ontology alignment systems establish the semantic links between ontologies that enable knowledge from various sources and domains to be used by automated applications in many different ways. Unfortunately, these systems are not perfect. Currently, the results of even the best-performing automated alignment systems need to be manually verified in order to be fully trusted. Ontology alignment researchers have turned to crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon\u27s Mechanical Turk to accomplish this. However, there has been little systematic analysis of the accuracy of crowdsourcing for alignment verification and the establishment of best practices. In this work, we analyze the impact of the presentation of the context of potential matches and the way in which the question is presented to workers on the accuracy of crowdsourcing for alignment verification. Our overall recommendations are that users interested in high precision are likely to achieve the best results by presenting the definitions of the entity labels and allowing workers to respond with true/false to the question of whether or not an equivalence relationship exists. Conversely, if the alignment researcher is interested in high recall, they are better off presenting workers with a graphical depiction of the entity relationships and a set of options about the type of relation that exists, if any

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

Objective: Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as potentialcandidates for cell therapy. In the present study, the ability of human bone marrow mesenchymalstem cells (hBMSCs) to differentiate into cells with characteristics of cardiomyocytesin vitro was investigated.Materials and Methods: hBMSCs cultured in enriched medium were treated with oxytocinand 5-azacytidin. The differentiation of hBMSCs into cells that expressed cardiacspecificgenes such as α3-actinin, alpha - myosin heavy chain (α-MHC), beta - myosinheavy chain (β-MHC), myosin light chain isoform 2a (MLC2a), myosin light chain isoform2v (MLC2v), artial natriuretic factor (ANF), GATA4 and oxytocin receptor (OTR) was investigatedby reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Protein expressionsof β-actinin and troponin I-C in the cells were analyzed through immunofluorescencestaining.Results: MSCs are spindle-shaped with irregular processes. Cells treated with oxytocinand 5-azacytidin connected with adjoining cells to form myotube-like structures. Expressionsof a number of cardiac-specific genes were detected by RT-PCR. Immunofluorescencestaining analysis showed that the differentiated cells stained positively for β-actininand troponin I-C protein.Conclusion: These results indicate that adult hBMSCs can differentiate into cardiomyocytesin vitro by treatment with oxytocin and 5-azacytidin, and can be considered as asource of cells for cellular cardiomyoplasty

Effect of exercise intensity and duration on the levels of stress hormones and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in adult male rats: an experimental study

Purpose The effect of exercise on stress has been demonstrated in several studies which have shown that exercise intensity and duration have various effects on the reproductive axis. This study evaluated the effect of different intensities and durations of exercise on the hormonal indices of stress, such as corticosterone (CORT), norepinephrine (NEP), and also reproductive performance indices, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T). Methods In this experimental study, 30 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: no-exercise, RME-1 (regular moderate exercise for 1 month), RME-6 (regular moderate exercise for 6 months), RIE-1 (regular intensive exercise for 1 month), and RIE-6 (regular intensive exercise for 6 months). At the end of the experiment, the serum levels of the abovementioned hormones and hypothalamic expression of the Gnrh gene were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the real-time polymerase chain reaction method, respectively. Results The levels of stress hormones, including CORT and NEP, increased only in the RIE-1 group compared with the no-exercise group. In addition, an increase was observed in T hormone levels in the RME-1 group compared with those in the no-exercise group, whereas LH and T hormone levels showed a greater decrease in the RIE-6 group than in the no-exercise group. Gnrh expression levels showed an increase and a decrease in the RME-1 and RIE-6 groups compared with the no-exercise group, respectively. Conclusion These results confirmed the effects of different intensities and durations of exercise on sex hormone levels

Implication of nitrergic system in the anticonvulsant effects of ferulic acid in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in male mice

Seizures are abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic compound with antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the nitrergic system in the anticonvulsant effect of FA in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in male mice. 64 male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice weighing 25-29 g were randomly divided into eight experimental groups (n=8). FA at doses 5, 10, and 40 mg/kg alone and in combination with L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or L-arginine (L-arg) (nitric oxide NO precursor) was administrated (intraperitoneal). PTZ was injected (i.v. route) 30 min after drugs administration (1 mL/min). Seizure onset time was recorded and the nitrite levels of prefrontal cortex and serum were determined by the Griess method. FA at doses of 10 and 40 mg/kg significantly increased the seizure threshold as well as reduced the serum and brain NO levels in comparison to the saline-received group. Co-administration of the effective dose of FA (10 mg/kg) plus L-arg significantly decreased the seizure threshold in comparison to the effective dose of FA alone. Co-injection of the sub-effective dose of FA (5 mg/kg) with L-NAME significantly increased the seizure threshold as well as significantly decreased the brain NO level in comparison to the sub-effective dose of FA alone. We showed that the nitrergic system, partially at least, mediated the anticonvulsant effect of FA in PTZ-induced seizures in mice. We concluded that L-NAME potentiated while L-arg attenuated the anticonvulsant effect of FA

Implication of nitrergic system in the anticonvulsant effects of ferulic acid in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in male mice

Objectives: Seizures are abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic compound with antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the nitrergic system in the anticonvulsant effect of FA in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in male mice. Methods: 64 male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice weighing 25-29 g were randomly divided into eight experimental groups (n=8). FA at doses 5, 10, and 40 mg/kg alone and in combination with L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or L-arginine (L-arg) (nitric oxide [NO] precursor) was administrated (intraperitoneal). PTZ was injected (i.v. route) 30 min after drugs administration (1 mL/min). Seizure onset time was recorded and the nitrite levels of prefrontal cortex and serum were determined by the Griess method. Results: FA at doses of 10 and 40 mg/kg significantly increased the seizure threshold as well as reduced the serum and brain NO levels in comparison to the saline-received group. Co-administration of the effective dose of FA (10 mg/kg) plus L-arg significantly decreased the seizure threshold in comparison to the effective dose of FA alone. Co-injection of the sub-effective dose of FA (5 mg/kg) with L-NAME significantly increased the seizure threshold as well as significantly decreased the brain NO level in comparison to the sub-effective dose of FA alone. Conclusions: We showed that the nitrergic system, partially at least, mediated the anticonvulsant effect of FA in PTZ-induced seizures in mice. We concluded that L-NAME potentiated while L-arg attenuated the anticonvulsant effect of FA

WITHDRAWN: Physospermum cornubiense L. alleviates nociceptive and neuropathic pain: Evidences and possible mechanisms

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Iranian/Persian folkloric medicine, Physospermum cornubiense (Shokaran Baghi in Persian) is used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Objective: This modern examination included Swiss mice to investigate the anti-neuropathic and anti-nociceptive effects of Physospermum cornubiense essential oil (PCEO). Materials and methods: To determine PCEO 's anti-nociceptive function in formalin-induced paw licking (FML) paradigm, researchers looked at the arginine-nitric oxide and potassium channels pathway in addition to involvements of more specific examples of receptors such as adrenergic, opioid, cannabinoid, peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPA), and transient receptor potential vanilloid. The CVC or cervical spinal cord contusion exemplar has also been used to induce neuropathic pain. Results: PCEO (450mg/kg) relative to control mice in the phase_ II of FML exemplar provided strong antinociception (p < 0.001). Furthermore, pre-treatments with arginine, glibenclamide, methylene blue, L-NAME, SNP, GW6471, naloxonazine, and GW9662 (p < 0.05) returned the PCEO antinociceptive response in the FML (inflammatory phase) model. Orally limonene administration significantly diminished (p < 0.001) acute pain in inflammatory phase of FML test. Moreover, the von Frey test indicated that both PCEO and limonene could return neuropathic pain (mechanical allodynia) in CVC mice. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study, together with literature, give evidence of properties of PCEO for therapy of antinociceptive and neuropathic pain. Keywords: Antinociception; Neuropathic; Pain; Physospermum cornubiense