21 research outputs found

    Geological And Geotechnical Characterization Of The Beni Moussa Perimeter In The Tadla Plain(Morocco)

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    The Beni Moussa perimeter in the plain of Tadla is located in the Beni Mellal - Khenifra region characterized by the diversity of its relief where the mountain meets the plain through the foothills. Bibliographic studies raise the dominance of limestone formations in the Atlas ranges of this region, and the piedmont accumulates alluvium deposited by rivers, while the plain is filled with mio-plio-quaternary deposits. A series of seven drill holes of various depths, supplemented by pressuremeter measurements every 1.50m of depth using the Menard pressuremeter, was carried out on sites scattered around the perimeter of the Beni Moussa in the plain of Tadla, to validate at first the bibliographic geological models, then to appreciate the bearing capacity of the lithologies revealed. The lithological sections thus revealed an alternation of alluvial deposits, clays and clay loams, deposited on calcareous formations, resulting from the dolomitic and calcareous mountainous debris mobilized following the seasonal temperature’s variation of the region. Moreover, the measured pressurometric ranges characterize a generally high bearing capacity, and reflect the generalized overconsolidation of the facies and soils encountered in the Beni Moussa area, except for the Middle Pleistocene formations, which are mainly characterized by channeled conglomeratic deposits.This study’s datathus reflect a good bearing capacity of the ground formations, capable of supporting the superstructures founded in this perimeter

    Rich Merzoug and Afilou N'Khou Veins of the Oumjrane Deposit (Example of Oriental Anti-Atlas Copper Mineralization)

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    The geological study of the Oumjrane region (Anti-Atlas oriental), carried out within the Oumjrane mining company (CMO), with a view to a detailed study of the two copper strands Rich Merzoug and Afilou N'Khou , So a mapping of ground was made preferably for localization of the different facies and geological structures, with sampling of our magmatic rocks, following a microscopic study. These are dolerite, gabbro to olivine, basalt, the latter are located respectively south of the three exploited veins, Bounhass vein, Afilou N'Khou vein, and Rich Merzoug's veins. A detailed study of the latter two veins in the second Bani Ordovician quartzite sandstone series will lead to the identification of four hydrothermal stages responsible for the emplacement of the mineralization: stage 1 to calcite siderite, stage 2 Pyrite arsenopyrite, stage 3 galena barite, and stage 4 with chalcopyrite, are followed by supergene stage due to the alteration of copper sulphides. The Oumejerane ore deposits shows lateral zonation from SW (Cu) to NE (Cu-Pb-Ba) and (Cu-Ba), wich underligne temperature decresing from SW to NE

    Nouvelle Approche d’Etude de la Vulnérabilité à la Pollution des Eaux Souterraines : Cas de la Nappe Mio-PlioQuaternaire du Bassin du Tadla (Maroc)

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    Les mĂ©thodes de protection des eaux souterraines, basĂ©es sur les cartes de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© des nappes Ă  la pollution, permettent de caractĂ©riser une zone selon son aptitude Ă  l'auto-protection. Il s’agit en effet, dans ces Ă©tudes, d’amĂ©nager le territoire en tenant compte des risques susceptibles de menacer les aquifères directement exposĂ©s aux problèmes de pollution et d’apporter des corrections dans les zones dĂ©jĂ  contaminĂ©es. L’évaluation de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© Ă  la pollution des eaux souterraines du bassin Tadla a Ă©tĂ© basĂ©e principalement sur l’analyse intĂ©grale des paramètres intrinsèques agissant directement sur la propagation d’un polluant et prĂ©conisĂ©s par la mĂ©thode DRASTIC. Cependant, le caractère peu prĂ©cis et ambigu de la dĂ©finition de certains paramètres a Ă©tĂ© la source principale des problèmes frĂ©quemment observĂ©s lors de l’application de cette mĂ©thode. Partant de ce constat, un point de vue plus physique du concept de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© est proposĂ©, basĂ© sur l’examen de la capacitĂ© d’attĂ©nuation intrinsèque d’un polluant. Cette propriĂ©tĂ© reflète les mĂ©canismes et processus d’auto-Ă©puration des eaux souterraines et dĂ©pend principalement de la permĂ©abilitĂ© hydraulique et la nature des matĂ©riaux aquifères. Les notations et les poids accordĂ©s aux diffĂ©rents facteurs ont permis d’établir une cartographie de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© de la nappe phrĂ©atique dĂ©gageant plusieurs zones classĂ©es suivant le degrĂ© de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© et de sensibilitĂ© Ă  la pollution, alors cette Ă©tude a permis d’obtenir trois classes de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© identique avec la mĂ©thode utilisĂ©e : une classe de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© faible, une classe de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© moyenne et une classe de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e.   Groundwater protection methods, based on maps of the vulnerability of aquifers to pollution, make it possible to characterize an area according to its aptitude for self-protection. The aim of these studies is to develop the territory taking into account the risks likely to threaten the aquifers directly exposed to pollution problems and to make corrections in the already contaminated areas. The assessment of the vulnerability to pollution of the groundwater in the Tadla basin was based mainly on the integral analysis of the intrinsic parameters acting directly on the propagation of a pollutant and recommended by the DRASTIC method. However, the imprecise and ambiguous nature of the definition of certain parameters was the main source of the problems frequently observed when applying this method. Based on this observation, a more physical view of the vulnerability concept is proposed, based on the examination of the intrinsic attenuation capacity of a pollutant. This property reflects the self-purification mechanisms and processes of groundwater and depends mainly on the hydraulic permeability and the nature of the aquifer materials. The ratings and weights given to the various factors have made it possible to draw up a vulnerability map of the water table, which shows several zones classified according to the degree of vulnerability and sensitivity to pollution. then this study made it possible to obtain three identical vulnerability classes with the method used: a low vulnerability class, a medium vulnerability class and a high vulnerability class

    Nouvelle Approche d’Etude de la Vulnérabilité à la Pollution des Eaux Souterraines : Cas de la Nappe Mio-PlioQuaternaire du Bassin du Tadla (Maroc)

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    Les mĂ©thodes de protection des eaux souterraines, basĂ©es sur les cartes de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© des nappes Ă  la pollution, permettent de caractĂ©riser une zone selon son aptitude Ă  l'auto-protection. Il s’agit en effet, dans ces Ă©tudes, d’amĂ©nager le territoire en tenant compte des risques susceptibles de menacer les aquifères directement exposĂ©s aux problèmes de pollution et d’apporter des corrections dans les zones dĂ©jĂ  contaminĂ©es. L’évaluation de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© Ă  la pollution des eaux souterraines du bassin Tadla a Ă©tĂ© basĂ©e principalement sur l’analyse intĂ©grale des paramètres intrinsèques agissant directement sur la propagation d’un polluant et prĂ©conisĂ©s par la mĂ©thode DRASTIC. Cependant, le caractère peu prĂ©cis et ambigu de la dĂ©finition de certains paramètres a Ă©tĂ© la source principale des problèmes frĂ©quemment observĂ©s lors de l’application de cette mĂ©thode. Partant de ce constat, un point de vue plus physique du concept de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© est proposĂ©, basĂ© sur l’examen de la capacitĂ© d’attĂ©nuation intrinsèque d’un polluant. Cette propriĂ©tĂ© reflète les mĂ©canismes et processus d’auto-Ă©puration des eaux souterraines et dĂ©pend principalement de la permĂ©abilitĂ© hydraulique et la nature des matĂ©riaux aquifères. Les notations et les poids accordĂ©s aux diffĂ©rents facteurs ont permis d’établir une cartographie de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© de la nappe phrĂ©atique dĂ©gageant plusieurs zones classĂ©es suivant le degrĂ© de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© et de sensibilitĂ© Ă  la pollution, alors cette Ă©tude a permis d’obtenir trois classes de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© identique avec la mĂ©thode utilisĂ©e : une classe de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© faible, une classe de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© moyenne et une classe de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e.   Groundwater protection methods, based on maps of the vulnerability of aquifers to pollution, make it possible to characterize an area according to its aptitude for self-protection. The aim of these studies is to develop the territory taking into account the risks likely to threaten the aquifers directly exposed to pollution problems and to make corrections in the already contaminated areas. The assessment of the vulnerability to pollution of the groundwater in the Tadla basin was based mainly on the integral analysis of the intrinsic parameters acting directly on the propagation of a pollutant and recommended by the DRASTIC method. However, the imprecise and ambiguous nature of the definition of certain parameters was the main source of the problems frequently observed when applying this method. Based on this observation, a more physical view of the vulnerability concept is proposed, based on the examination of the intrinsic attenuation capacity of a pollutant. This property reflects the self-purification mechanisms and processes of groundwater and depends mainly on the hydraulic permeability and the nature of the aquifer materials. The ratings and weights given to the various factors have made it possible to draw up a vulnerability map of the water table, which shows several zones classified according to the degree of vulnerability and sensitivity to pollution. then this study made it possible to obtain three identical vulnerability classes with the method used: a low vulnerability class, a medium vulnerability class and a high vulnerability class

    Contribution à la Reconnaissance Géologique et Géophysique du Pont Naturel d’Iminifri-Maroc

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    Le pont naturel d’Iminifri l’objet de cette Ă©tude est situĂ© dans la commune de Tifni. Administrativement, il relève du cercle de Demnate, la Province d’Azilal-Maroc.L’étude gĂ©ologique et gĂ©ophysique des diffĂ©rentes formations pour  la vĂ©rification de la stabilitĂ© du pont . la l’analyse des rĂ©sultats et leur interprĂ©tation montre que l’ossature du pont naturel d’Iminifri est formĂ©e principalement de concrĂ©tions travertineuses calcaires. Ce sont des formations quaternaire sconstituĂ©es par desdĂ©pĂ´ts bio-carbonatĂ©s correspondant Ă  d’anciennes Ă©mergences liasiques aujourd’hui disparues ou dĂ©placĂ©es. La nature variĂ©e des formations travertineuses tĂ©moignent de leur formation dans des milieux diffĂ©rents : les ruptures de pente, les chenaux Ă  Ă©coulement pĂ©renne, les berges concaves des mĂ©andres soumises Ă  l’action prolongĂ©e des embruns dĂ©gagĂ©s par l’agitation de l’eau. Plusieurs types d’encroĂ»tement travertineux ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s. Les plus abondants sont les encroĂ»tements plans, les encroĂ»tements de buissons, les encroĂ»tements sur support vĂ©gĂ©tal et les encroĂ»tements sur galets.  Toutes les constatations effectuĂ©es confirment que les matĂ©riaux de la dalle formant l’ossature du pont sont fragilisĂ©s et visiblement dĂ©gradĂ©s. La lente altĂ©ration et le comportement diffĂ©rĂ© des matĂ©riaux soumis Ă  des contraintes agressives sont en gĂ©nĂ©ral Ă  l’origine de la dĂ©gradation des conditions de stabilitĂ©. Des facteurs exogènes jouent Ă©galement un rĂ´le prĂ©pondĂ©rant comme les infiltrations pluviales et les vibrations engendrĂ©es par le trafic routier. Ils peuvent brutalement accĂ©lĂ©rer un processus de dĂ©gradation qui semblait ĂŞtre de plus en plus accentuĂ©. Objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă  la vĂ©rification de la stabilitĂ© du pont et Ă  l’analyse des rĂ©sultats et leur interprĂ©tation. La reconnaissance gĂ©ologique a Ă©tĂ© complĂ©tĂ©s par des investigations gĂ©ophysiques en utilisant des mĂ©thodes adaptĂ©es aux conditions pĂ©trophysiques des formations gĂ©ologiques D’après les Ă©tudes effectuĂ©es sur le pont, il est raisonnable de dire que la structure d’Iminifri Ă©volue plus ou moins rapidement vers sa ruine. Ce qui nous pousse Ă  trouver des solutions urgentes pour sauver ce patrimoine gĂ©ologique du danger d’effondrement.   The natural bridge of Iminifri, the subject of this study, is located in the commune of Tifni. Administratively, it falls under the Demnate circle, Azilal Province, Morocco. The geological and geophysical study of the various formations is aimed at verifying the stability of the bridge. The analysis of the results and their interpretation shows that the framework of the natural bridge of Iminifri is primarily composed of limestone travertine concretions. These are Quaternary formations consisting of biocarbonate deposits corresponding to ancient Liassic emergences that have since disappeared or shifted. The diverse nature of the travertine formations reflects their formation in different environments: slope breaks, perennial flow channels, concave banks of meanders subjected to the prolonged action of spray generated by water agitation. Several types of travertine encrustations have been identified, including flat encrustations, bushy encrustations, encrustations on vegetation, and encrustations on pebbles. All observations confirm that the materials forming the bridge's framework are weakened and visibly degraded. Slow deterioration and delayed behavior of materials subjected to aggressive stresses are generally the cause of deteriorating stability conditions. Exogenous factors also play a significant role, such as rainwater infiltration and vibrations generated by road traffic. They can abruptly accelerate a degradation process that appeared to be increasingly pronounced. The objective of this study is to verify the stability of the bridge and analyze the results and their interpretation. Geological reconnaissance was complemented by geophysical investigations using methods adapted to the petrophysical conditions of the geological formations. Based on the studies conducted on the bridge, it is reasonable to conclude that the structure of Iminifri is evolving towards its ruin, more or less rapidly. This pushes us to urgently find solutions to save this geological heritage from the danger of collapse

    Etude Comparative des Différentes Méthodes d'Estimation de l'Evapotranspiration en Zone Semi-Aride (cas Plaine Tadla Maroc)

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    Dans les rĂ©gions arides et semi arides, l’eau est une ressource très limitative non seulement pour sa pĂ©nurie, mais aussi pour sa disponibilitĂ© incertaine.   Dans le bassin moyen Oum Er-rbia (plaine Tadla), se caractĂ©rise par un climat semi-aride, mĂ©so thermique, chaud et sec en Ă©tĂ© et froid en hiver. Ce climat est conditionnĂ© par la prĂ©sence des deux facteurs principaux  : La prĂ©sence de l’Atlantique Ă  moins de 200km Ă  l’Ouest, qui exerce une influence tempĂ©rante mais aussi qui se manifeste par des vents pluvieux en provenance de l’Ouest ; La latitude dont l’effet se traduit par une ariditĂ© croissante en se dĂ©plaçant du Nord vers le Sud ; les ressources en eau diminuent de l’amont vers l’aval et se traduisent par une rarĂ©faction des taux de prĂ©cipitation (une moyenne de 560 mm Ă  Ahmed Hansali et 352 mm Ă  BĂ©ni Mellal) et une augmentation des moyennes d’évapotranspiration (465.1mm Ă  BĂ©ni-Mellal et 571 mm Ă  Ahmed Hansali) et de la tempĂ©rature. Ceci exige une analyse spĂ©cifique de ces paramètres pour comprendre et prĂ©dire les instabilitĂ©s des ressources dans la rĂ©gion d’étude. L'objectif de ce travail est de calculer l’évapotranspiration potentielle (mensuelle et annuelle), en se basant sur les sĂ©ries des donnĂ©es hydroclimatiques, enregistrĂ©es au niveau des stations mĂ©tĂ©orologiques .Les prĂ©cipitations et l’évapotranspiration sont des variables très importantes dans le diagnostic des changements climatiques et leurs effets sur l’environnement. La mĂ©thodologie adaptĂ©e dans ce travail est basĂ©e sur l’étude statistique des sĂ©ries chronologiques. Ces analyses comprennent la dĂ©tection de tendances, la dĂ©tection des ruptures par changement de moyenne, et aussi la corrĂ©lation entre les donnĂ©es de prĂ©cipitation et celle d’évapotranspiration. Les donnĂ©es proviennent de deux stations trouve dans le haut bassin du bassin moyen Oum Er-rbia (BĂ©ni Mellal, Ahmed Hansali). Les rĂ©sultats des analyses statistiques mettent en Ă©vidence l’existence des changements sensibles et gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©s reprĂ©sentĂ©s essentiellement par le rĂ©chauffement dĂ» aux gaz Ă  effet de serre, en Ă©troite relation avec l’activitĂ© humaine. Ces changements ont une influence nĂ©gative sur l’environnement et l’Homme.   In the middle Oum-rebia basin (plain Tadla), is characterized by a semi-arid, meso-thermal climate, hot and dry in summer and cold in winter. This climate is conditioned by the presence of the following two main factors: The presence of the Atlantic less than 200km to the west, which exerts a tempering influence but also manifests itself in rainy winds from the west; The latitude, the effect of which is reflected in increasing aridity as it moves from north to south; Water resources decrease from upstream to downstream and result in a rarefaction of precipitation rates (an average of 560 mm in Amed Hansali and 352 mm in BĂ©ni Mellal) and an increase in average evapotranspiration (465. 1mm in Beni-Mellal and 571 mm in Ahmed Hansali) and temperature. This requires a specific analysis of these parameters to understand and predict resource instabilities in the study area. The objective of this work is to calculate the potential evapotranspiration (monthly and annual), based on the series of hydroclimatic data, recorded at the level of the meteorological stations Precipitation and evapotranspiration are very important variables in the diagnosis of climate change and its effects on the environment. The methodology adapted in this work is based on the statistical study of time series. These analyses include the detection of trends, the detection of breaks in the mean, and also the correlation between precipitation and evapotranspiration data. The data are from three stations in the upper basin of the middle Oum Rbia basin (Beni Mellal, Ahmed Hansali, Mechra Edahk). The results of the statistical analyses highlight the existence of significant and widespread changes represented essentially by warming due to greenhouse gases, in close relation with human activity. These changes have a negative influence on the environment and mankind

    Etude Comparative des Différentes Méthodes d'Estimation de l'Evapotranspiration en Zone Semi-Aride (cas Plaine Tadla Maroc)

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    Dans les rĂ©gions arides et semi arides, l’eau est une ressource très limitative non seulement pour sa pĂ©nurie, mais aussi pour sa disponibilitĂ© incertaine.   Dans le bassin moyen Oum Er-rbia (plaine Tadla), se caractĂ©rise par un climat semi-aride, mĂ©so thermique, chaud et sec en Ă©tĂ© et froid en hiver. Ce climat est conditionnĂ© par la prĂ©sence des deux facteurs principaux  : La prĂ©sence de l’Atlantique Ă  moins de 200km Ă  l’Ouest, qui exerce une influence tempĂ©rante mais aussi qui se manifeste par des vents pluvieux en provenance de l’Ouest ; La latitude dont l’effet se traduit par une ariditĂ© croissante en se dĂ©plaçant du Nord vers le Sud ; les ressources en eau diminuent de l’amont vers l’aval et se traduisent par une rarĂ©faction des taux de prĂ©cipitation (une moyenne de 560 mm Ă  Ahmed Hansali et 352 mm Ă  BĂ©ni Mellal) et une augmentation des moyennes d’évapotranspiration (465.1mm Ă  BĂ©ni-Mellal et 571 mm Ă  Ahmed Hansali) et de la tempĂ©rature. Ceci exige une analyse spĂ©cifique de ces paramètres pour comprendre et prĂ©dire les instabilitĂ©s des ressources dans la rĂ©gion d’étude. L'objectif de ce travail est de calculer l’évapotranspiration potentielle (mensuelle et annuelle), en se basant sur les sĂ©ries des donnĂ©es hydroclimatiques, enregistrĂ©es au niveau des stations mĂ©tĂ©orologiques .Les prĂ©cipitations et l’évapotranspiration sont des variables très importantes dans le diagnostic des changements climatiques et leurs effets sur l’environnement. La mĂ©thodologie adaptĂ©e dans ce travail est basĂ©e sur l’étude statistique des sĂ©ries chronologiques. Ces analyses comprennent la dĂ©tection de tendances, la dĂ©tection des ruptures par changement de moyenne, et aussi la corrĂ©lation entre les donnĂ©es de prĂ©cipitation et celle d’évapotranspiration. Les donnĂ©es proviennent de deux stations trouve dans le haut bassin du bassin moyen Oum Er-rbia (BĂ©ni Mellal, Ahmed Hansali). Les rĂ©sultats des analyses statistiques mettent en Ă©vidence l’existence des changements sensibles et gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©s reprĂ©sentĂ©s essentiellement par le rĂ©chauffement dĂ» aux gaz Ă  effet de serre, en Ă©troite relation avec l’activitĂ© humaine. Ces changements ont une influence nĂ©gative sur l’environnement et l’Homme.   In the middle Oum-rebia basin (plain Tadla), is characterized by a semi-arid, meso-thermal climate, hot and dry in summer and cold in winter. This climate is conditioned by the presence of the following two main factors: The presence of the Atlantic less than 200km to the west, which exerts a tempering influence but also manifests itself in rainy winds from the west; The latitude, the effect of which is reflected in increasing aridity as it moves from north to south; Water resources decrease from upstream to downstream and result in a rarefaction of precipitation rates (an average of 560 mm in Amed Hansali and 352 mm in BĂ©ni Mellal) and an increase in average evapotranspiration (465. 1mm in Beni-Mellal and 571 mm in Ahmed Hansali) and temperature. This requires a specific analysis of these parameters to understand and predict resource instabilities in the study area. The objective of this work is to calculate the potential evapotranspiration (monthly and annual), based on the series of hydroclimatic data, recorded at the level of the meteorological stations Precipitation and evapotranspiration are very important variables in the diagnosis of climate change and its effects on the environment. The methodology adapted in this work is based on the statistical study of time series. These analyses include the detection of trends, the detection of breaks in the mean, and also the correlation between precipitation and evapotranspiration data. The data are from three stations in the upper basin of the middle Oum Rbia basin (Beni Mellal, Ahmed Hansali, Mechra Edahk). The results of the statistical analyses highlight the existence of significant and widespread changes represented essentially by warming due to greenhouse gases, in close relation with human activity. These changes have a negative influence on the environment and mankind
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