Quasiclassical calculation of spontaneous current in restricted geometries

Calculation of current and order parameter distribution in inhomogeneous superconductors is often based on a self-consistent solution of Eilenberger equations for quasiclassical Green's functions. Compared to the original Gorkov equations, the problem is much simplified due to the fact that the values of Green's functions at a given point are connected to the bulk ones at infinity (boundary values) by ``dragging'' along the classical trajectories of quasiparticles. In finite size systems, where classical trajectories undergo multiple reflections from surfaces and interfaces, the usefulness of the approach is no longer obvious, since there is no simple criterion to determine what boundary value a trajectory corresponds to, and whether it reaches infinity at all. Here, we demonstrate the modification of the approach based on the Schophol-Maki transformation, which provides the basis for stable numerical calculations in 2D. We apply it to two examples: generation of spontaneous currents and magnetic moments in isolated islands of d-wave superconductor with subdominant order-parameters s and d_{xy}, and in a grain boundary junction between two arbitrarily oriented d-wave superconductors. Both examples are relevant to the discussion of time-reversal symmetry breaking in unconventional superconductors, as well as for application in quantum computing.Comment: 6 pages, Submitted for publication in the proceedings of MS+S2002 conference, Japa

Mesoscopic multiterminal Josephson structures: I. Effects of nonlocal weak coupling

We investigate nonlocal coherent transport in ballistic four-terminal Josephson structures (where bulk superconductors (terminals) are connected through a clean normal layer, e.g., a two-dimensional electron gas). Coherent anisotropic superposition of macroscopic wave functions of the superconductors in the normal region produces phase slip lines (2D analogs to phase slip centres) and time-reversal symmetry breaking 2D vortex states in it, as well as such effects as phase dragging and magnetic flux transfer. The tunneling density of local Andreev states in the normal layer was shown to contain peaks at the positions controlled by the phase differences between the terminals. We have obtained general dependence of these effects on the controlling supercurrent/phase differences between the terminals of the ballistic mesoscopic four-terminal SQUID.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure

Quantum Nondemolition Charge Measurement of a Josephson Qubit

In a qubit system, the measurement operator does not necessarily commute with the qubit Hamiltonian, so that the readout process demolishes (mixes) the qubit energy eigenstates. The readout time is therefore limited by such a mixing time and its fidelity will be reduced. A quantum nondemolition readout scheme is proposed in which the charge of a flux qubit is measured. The measurement operator is shown to commute with the qubit Hamiltonian in the reduced two-level Hilbert space, even though the Hamiltonian contains non-commuting charge and flux terms.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, a paragraph added to describe how the scheme works in charge regim

Mini-stop bands in single heterojunction photonic crystal waveguides

Spectral characteristics of mini-stop bands (MSB) in line-defect photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides and in heterostructure PhC waveguides having one abrupt interface are investigated. Tunability of the MSB position by air-fill factor heterostructure PhC waveguides is utilized to demonstrate different filter functions, at optical communication wavelengths, ranging from resonance-like to wide band pass filters with high transmission. The narrowest filter realized has a resonance-like transmission peak with a full width at half maximum of 3.4 nm. These devices could be attractive for coarse wavelength selection (pass and drop) and for sensing applications.Support from the Swedish Research Council (VR) is gratefully acknowledged

Kompetensi Penyusun Laporan Keuangan, Kompetensi Auditor Internal dan Kualitas Auditor Eksternal (Studi Deskriptif pada Perusahaan di Jawa Barat)

. Tujuan penelitian adalah menjelaskan bagaimana perspektif Perusahaan terkait pelaksanaan good corporate governance (GCG) dalam penyusunan dan audit laporan keuangan Perusahaan di Indonesia. Pelaksanaan good corporate governance ditinjau dari pilar education and training, professionalism and ethics serta monitoring and enforcement. Pengumpulan data menggunakan survei melalui kuesioner kepada direksi Perusahaan dengan metode snowballing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pimpinan mengakui dan percaya bahwa penyusunan dan audit laporan keuangan sangat penting; pelaksanaan corporate governance dalam penyusunan dan audit laporan keuangan masih di level rata-rata. Kompetensi penyusun laporan keuangan, kompetensi auditor internal dan kualitas auditor eksternal masih menunjukkan GCG yang lemah. Hasil riset memberi informasi penting bagi regulator, ikatan profesi, institusi pendidikan, dan pemangku kepentingan lain di dalam merencanakan dan mengembangkan profesi akuntan di Indonesia

Kontribusi Tenaga Kerja Wanita Pada USAha Emping Melinjo Terhadap Pendapatan Keluarga (Studi Kasus Di Desa Sukomangli Kecamatan Reban Kabupaten Batang)

The aims of this research are to know the average working hour of women labor in emping melinjo business, to know how much women labor contribution emping melinjo business to the family income and to know the factors that influencing the income of those women labor. The basic method used in this research are descriptive method. Respondents consisting of 40 women labor for the research were selected by purposive sampling. The data consisting of primary and secondary data. They are collected by interviewing, observating and recording. The research result shows that the women labor average working hour in emping melinjo business is 9 hours/day or 37.5 percent. The contribution of women labor in emping melinjo business to the family income was 61.71%. The R2 value was obtained using multiple linier regression model of 0,984 meaning that the contribution of independent variable (age, education, working hour, business experience, number of emping melinjo produced, number of family members and sales system) to the variation women labor income in the emping melinjo business in Sukomangli Village Reban District Batang Regency of 98.4 percent while 1.6 percent remaining is affected by other variables excluded from the model. The result of F-test and t-test shows that the number of emping melinjo produced and sales system variable are significantly affect to the women labor income contribution. While age, education, working hour, business experience and number of family members variable are not significantly affect to the women labor contribution

Continuous Monitoring of Rabi Oscillations in a Josephson Flux Qubit

Under resonant irradiation, a quantum system can undergo coherent (Rabi) oscillations in time. We report evidence for such oscillations in a _continuously_ observed three-Josephson-junction flux qubit, coupled to a high-quality tank circuit tuned to the Rabi frequency. In addition to simplicity, this method of_Rabi spectroscopy_ enabled a long coherence time of about 2.5 microseconds, corresponding to an effective qubit quality factor \~7000.Comment: REVTeX4, 4pp., 4 EPS figure files. v3: changed title, fixed typos; final, to appear in PR

RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway: A Mechanism Involved in Exercise-Induced Bone Remodeling

Bones as an alive organ consist of about 70 mineral and 30 organic component. About 200 million people are suffering from osteopenia and osteoporosis around the world. There are multiple ways of protecting bone from endogenous and exogenous risk factors. Planned physical activity is another useful way for protecting bone health. It has been investigated that arranged exercise would effectively regulate bone metabolism. Until now, a number of systems have discovered how exercise could help bone health. Previous studies reported different mechanisms of the effect of exercise on bone health by modulation of bone remodeling. However, the regulation of RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway in exercise and physical performance as one of the most important remodeling systems is not considered comprehensive in previous evidence. Therefore, the aim of this review is to clarify exercise influence on bone modeling and remodeling, with a concentration on its role in regulating RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. © 2020 Mohammad Tobeiha et al