Investigation of genetic diversity in flixweed (Descurainia sophia) germplasm from Kerman province using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers

Flixweed plant bearing the scientific title of ‘Descurainia sophia’ is recognized across the planet as well as in Iran, as an herbal medicine. The present study investigates the genetic diversity of germplasm of  flixweed in Kerman Province using and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified  polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Flixweed seeds were initially collected from 15 fields in different  regions of Kerman, and the DNA were extracted from the seeds utilizing cetyltrimethylammonium  bromide (CTAB) method with slight alterations and elongation of DNA washing stages. The quantity and quality of the extracted DNA was measured using electrophoresis and Scandrop devices. 20 RAPD  primers were utilized for higher band and relatively lower costs; 16 primers which had produced more lucid bands in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as four ISSR primers in which band differentiation was thoroughly distinguishable were used for the analysis. The number of 146 polymorphism bands was obtained from the mentioned initial numbers and the scoring process was carried out. The obtained 0 to 1 matrix, employing NTSYS-pc, was turned into similarity matrix using Dice similarity coefficient and subsequently the dandrogram was drawn using un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). With regard to the results, the 15 selected regions were categorized into four separate groups. Principle component analysis (PCA) was performed of which two and three dimensions graphs using 20 primers were drawn. Finally, the results show that RAPD and ISSR markers maintained desirable distinguishing power in determining the genetic diversity and family relations of the mass under discussion.Key words: Kerman, flixweed, random amplified polymorphic DNA, inter-simple sequence repeat markers, genetic diversity

Study on genetic diversity of some Iranian Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers: A comparative study

Iran has a rich and diverse pistachio germplasm and thereby, the diversity and number of Iranian pistachio cultivars is unique in the world. In this study, 31 pistachio cultivars and genotypes were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The general dendrogram constructed using the combined data of the three sets of molecular markers was to some extent similar to those obtained separately with each marker. The overall principle coordinate analysis (PCA) based on genetic similarity matrices showed that the first three eigenvectors accounted for 28.46% of the total molecular variation. Therefore, the PCA results confirmed the results of cluster analysis .In SSR population analysis, the four primers produced 11 alleles among 31 pistachio genotypes with an average value of 2.75 alleles. 100% polymorphism was observed at all of these loci. The low average polymorphic information content value of 0.4374 indicated the presence of high genetic similarity among genotypes and entails development of additional polymorphic SSR primers for effective characterization of Iranian pistachio cultivars/genotypes. According to the effective multiplex ratio and assay efficiency index, it was shown that RAPD markers were the most powerful to differentiate the genotypes followed by ISSR and SSR markers, respectively.Keywords: Pistacia vera, genetic diversity, clustering, population parameters

The salicylic acid effect on the Salvia officianlis L. sugar, protein and proline contents under salinity (NaCl) stress

Plant growth is impressed by biotic and abiotic stress inversely. There are many reports about proteins change level in salinity stress. Leaves fill up more soluble sugar of glucose, fructose and proline with treatment of salicylic acid. In this research, Salivia officialis seeds planted in pots containing perlite were put in a growth chamber under controlled conditions of 27 ±2 0C and 23 ±2 0C temperature, 14h lightness and 10h darkness; NaCl concentration of 0,4,8,12 ds/m and salicylic acid concentration of 0,1,2,4 mM were used in the form of factorial experiment in a complete randomized design (CRD). The results demonstrated that increasing of proline and sugars due to osmotic slope in plants lead to increasing of tolerance against dehydrations of leave content and acceleration of plant developments in stress conditions

Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation of Fld and GUS Genes into Canola for Salinity Stress

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress which limits wide spread canola cultivation. One way to overcome this problem could be transfection, to produce tolerable species. Cotyledonary and hypocotyls explants obtained from 4 and 7 days old seedling of Elite and RJS003 varieties were utilized in this study. Genetic transformation was implemented through Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing PBI121 plasmid and Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58, LBA4404, AGL0 and EHA 101 strains which contain P6u- ubi- fvt1 construct. The T-DNA region of P6u- Ubi- Fvt1 plasmid included HPT (Hygromycin phosphotransferase) plant selectable marker and Fld (flavodoxin) gene. PBI121 plasmid had NptII (Neomycin phosphotransferase) plant Selectable marker and β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes. Transfected explants were analyzed by PCR and histochemical assay for Fld and Gus genes, respectively. Our data indicated that the cotyledonary explants of both cultivars were incompetent to be infected with Fld gens. However, the transformation in Elite hypocotyls explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 and LBA 4404 strains were confirmed through PCR product and histochemical evaluation for Fld and GUS genes, respectively. Therefore, the result of this manuscript may to certain degree fulfill the endeavor appointed to this oilseed

Assessing the Genetic Diversity of Isolated Cd and Cu Resistant Non-fermenting Gram-negative Bacilli from Waste Water by Using Molecular Markers

Introduction: One of the best methods to remove pollutions resulted from heavy metals in industrial wastewater is biological removing. The first step in this way is identifying and clustering microorganisms especially, resistant bacteria to these metals. Material and methods: In this research, 17 non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli were isolated and identified from industrial wastewater. Their MIC was determined by different concentrations of Cu and Cd. With CTAB and Dellaporta, methods were extracted bacterial DNA. Then evaluated genetic diversity by 7 RAPD, 3 ISSR markers. The similarity matrix was calculated by using NTSYS-pc software based on Jaccard’s coefficient for genotypes and dendrogram was drawn in UPGMA method. Results: 133 bands were identified by using 10 markers that they included 122 polymorphic bands and 11 monomorphic bands. This markers show high level of polymorphism among the bacteria studied. Discussion and Conclusion: In the study cluster analysis and dendrogram drawn based on RAPD and ISSR markers together, there was a significant match between genetic diversity of markers and genetic diversity based on the MIC values. The combined use of both markers for genetic clustering based on resistance to copper and cadmium was more accurate. Principal component analysis was performed to complete the results of cluster analysis and 2-D, 3-D plots were drawn. The results of comparing these two methods showed that these markers had been properly selected for studying genetic diversity, and it was recommended using cluster analysis

Evaluación de la eficacia de la actividad de Meliloti Rhizobium sobre las propiedades cuantitativas de la alfalfa por inoculación bacteriana en el sudeste de Irán

Con el fin de investigar el efecto de la inoculación bacteriana en el rendimiento, el contenido de clorofila y proteína de la alfalfa para obtener productos experimentales económicos en el Centro de Capacitación Agrícola Shahid Zande Rouh en Kerman como una parcela dividida en el tiempo basado en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones en el Terreno que no se había hecho antes, se hizo. La inoculación bacteriana se realizó en tres niveles (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum y sin inoculación como control). La inoculación bacteriana tuvo un efecto significativo en todos los rasgos estudiados y provocó un aumento en el contenido de clorofila, rendimiento y porcentaje de proteína. En términos de peso del forraje fresco, el primer y tercer cultivo tuvieron el mayor rendimiento con la aplicación de Rhizobium meliloti (6 toneladas por hectárea). El mayor porcentaje de proteína relacionado con la inoculación de Rhizobium meliloti se observó en el segundo Picking. Según los resultados de este estudio, la inoculación con la bacteria Rhizobium meliloti aumenta la capacidad de fijación de nitrógeno de 3 a 4 veces en comparación con el control y mejoró los rasgos de alfalfa del cultivar Bami en el sureste de Irán

Evaluación de la eficacia de la actividad de Meliloti Rhizobium sobre las propiedades cuantitativas de la alfalfa por inoculación bacteriana en el sudeste de Irán

In order to investigate the effect of bacterial inoculation on yield, chlorophyll and protein content of alfalfa to obtain economically experimental products in Shahid Zande Rouh Agricultural Training Center in Kerman as a split plot in time based on a completely randomized block design with four replications on the ground Which had not been done before, was done. Bacterial inoculation was at three levels (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum and no inoculation as a control). Bacterial inoculation had a significant effect on all studied traits and caused an increase in chlorophyll content, yield and protein percentage. In terms of fresh forage weight, the first and third crops had the highest yield with the application of Rhizobium meliloti (6 tons per hectare). The highest percentage of protein related to inoculation of Rhizobium meliloti was observed in the second Picking. According to the results of this study, inoculation with Rhizobium meliloti bacteria increases the ability of nitrogen fixation 3 to 4 times compared to the control and improved the alfalfa traits of Bami cultivar in southeastern Iran.Con el fin de investigar el efecto de la inoculación bacteriana en el rendimiento, el contenido de clorofila y proteína de la alfalfa para obtener productos experimentales económicos en el Centro de Capacitación Agrícola Shahid Zande Rouh en Kerman como una parcela dividida en el tiempo basado en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones en el Terreno que no se había hecho antes, se hizo. La inoculación bacteriana se realizó en tres niveles (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum y sin inoculación como control). La inoculación bacteriana tuvo un efecto significativo en todos los rasgos estudiados y provocó un aumento en el contenido de clorofila, rendimiento y porcentaje de proteína. En términos de peso del forraje fresco, el primer y tercer cultivo tuvieron el mayor rendimiento con la aplicación de Rhizobium meliloti (6 toneladas por hectárea). El mayor porcentaje de proteína relacionado con la inoculación de Rhizobium meliloti se observó en el segundo Picking. Según los resultados de este estudio, la inoculación con la bacteria Rhizobium meliloti aumenta la capacidad de fijación de nitrógeno de 3 a 4 veces en comparación con el control y mejoró los rasgos de alfalfa del cultivar Bami en el sureste de Irán

Effect of Intermediate-Dose vs Standard-Dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation on Thrombotic Events, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Treatment, or Mortality among Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: The INSPIRATION Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance: Thrombotic events are commonly reported in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Limited data exist to guide the intensity of antithrombotic prophylaxis. Objective: To evaluate the effects of intermediate-dose vs standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Design, Setting, and Participants: Multicenter randomized trial with a 2 � 2 factorial design performed in 10 academic centers in Iran comparing intermediate-dose vs standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation (first hypothesis) and statin therapy vs matching placebo (second hypothesis; not reported in this article) among adult patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19. Patients were recruited between July 29, 2020, and November 19, 2020. The final follow-up date for the 30-day primary outcome was December 19, 2020. Interventions: Intermediate-dose (enoxaparin, 1 mg/kg daily) (n = 276) vs standard prophylactic anticoagulation (enoxaparin, 40 mg daily) (n = 286), with modification according to body weight and creatinine clearance. The assigned treatments were planned to be continued until completion of 30-day follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of venous or arterial thrombosis, treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or mortality within 30 days, assessed in randomized patients who met the eligibility criteria and received at least 1 dose of the assigned treatment. Prespecified safety outcomes included major bleeding according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (type 3 or 5 definition), powered for noninferiority (a noninferiority margin of 1.8 based on odds ratio), and severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <20 �103/µL). All outcomes were blindly adjudicated. Results: Among 600 randomized patients, 562 (93.7) were included in the primary analysis (median interquartile range age, 62 50-71 years; 237 42.2% women). The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 126 patients (45.7%) in the intermediate-dose group and 126 patients (44.1%) in the standard-dose prophylaxis group (absolute risk difference, 1.5% 95% CI,-6.6% to 9.8%; odds ratio, 1.06 95% CI, 0.76-1.48; P =.70). Major bleeding occurred in 7 patients (2.5%) in the intermediate-dose group and 4 patients (1.4%) in the standard-dose prophylaxis group (risk difference, 1.1% 1-sided 97.5% CI,-� to 3.4%; odds ratio, 1.83 1-sided 97.5% CI, 0.00-5.93), not meeting the noninferiority criteria (P for noninferiority >.99). Severe thrombocytopenia occurred only in patients assigned to the intermediate-dose group (6 vs 0 patients; risk difference, 2.2% 95% CI, 0.4%-3.8%; P =.01). Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19, intermediate-dose prophylactic anticoagulation, compared with standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation, did not result in a significant difference in the primary outcome of a composite of adjudicated venous or arterial thrombosis, treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or mortality within 30 days. These results do not support the routine empirical use of intermediate-dose prophylactic anticoagulation in unselected patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04486508. © 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

The salicylic acid effect on the tomato (lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) germination, growth and photosynthetic pigment under salinity stress (NaCl)

Soil salinity is a serious environmental problem that has negative effect on plant growth, production and photosynthesis. Fresh and dry plant weights decreases with salinity treatments. The very important role of salicylic acid (SA) in response to different stress and modification and decline damages due to stresses has established in different studies. In this research tomato seeds planted in pots containing perlite in a growth chamber under controlled conditions of 27±2°c and 23±2°c temperature , 16h lightness and 8h darkness respectively, 15 Klux light intensity and 75% humidity; NaCl concentration of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM and salicylic acid concentration of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM were used in the form of factorial experiment in a complete randomized design (CRD). Results show that germination was decreased with salinity increasing. At low levels of salinity, SA leads to decrease in germination and had no effect in high levels of salinity. The length of shoot were not effected by salinity but decrease with increase in SA concentration. Low salinity concentrations led to significant increase in root length and high concentrations don’t have significant difference with control. SA also had no effect on it. The highest amount of a, b, c and total chlorophyll and carotenoid was show in 50 mM salinity levels

Genetic Analysis for Some of Morphological Traits in Bread Wheat under Drought Stress Condition Using Generations Mean Analysis

Perception of genes action controlling of quantitative traits is very important in genetic breeding methods the plant populations. to study and estimate the parameters of genetic and appointment the best genetically model for justification the genetic changing some of traits the bread wheat under drought stress condition, parents (P1 & P2) and F3, F4, F5 generations together the four control cultivars (Kharchia, Gaspard, Moghan and Mahuti) were evaluated by generation mean analysis using a agoment design including six blocks. Generation mean analysis was performed for all traits with Mather and Jinks model using joint scaling test. Three parameter model [m d h] provided the best fit for all traits expect harvest index, main spike grain weight, number of grain per plant, Total spike weight of plant with significant at 5% and 1% levels . Though additive and dominance effect both had interfered in controlling often the traits but with attention to difference effects and variety component was determined that dominance is more impressive than additive effect for traits of number of tiller, main spike weight, grain yield and grain number of main spike. Therefore will benefit using of these traits in the collection and to improve these traits hybridization would be much efficient than the selection strategies. In this study additive Ч additive epistasis effect only observed for traits of Total spike weight of plant, number of grain per plant, main spike grain weight and harvest index and other traits hadn’t any epistasis effect that it was demonstration lack of existence the genes reciprocal effect in the inheritance studied traits. Therefore we can suggest that the selection strategies perform in terminal generations and additive Ч additive epistasis effect would be confirmed in selection under self-pollination condition