16 research outputs found

    Vigilancia epidemiol贸gica de la Legionelosis en Espa帽a, a帽os 2019 y 2020. informe de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol贸gica

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    [ES] Legionelosis es una enfermedad de origen ambiental que se transmite al ser humano a trav茅s de aerosoles de agua contaminada con la bacteria Legionella pneumophila. La relevancia de esta enfermedad, desde el punto de vista de la salud p煤blica, viene dada por su frecuente presentaci贸n en forma de brotes. En 2019 se notificaron 1.579 casos y 1.543 fueron aut贸ctonos (TI=3,28 por 100.000 habitantes). La vigilancia de casos asociados a viajes del ECDC (ELDSNet), notific贸 97 casos en viajeros de otros pa铆ses. En 2020 se notificaron 1.365 casos y 1.354 fueron aut贸ctonos (TI=2,86). Ese a帽o los casos asociados a viajar a Espa帽a fueron 22. La incidencia en 2020 fue un 13% menor que la registrada en 2019. Este descenso se produjo despu茅s de tres a帽os de un aumento mantenido. El descenso se observ贸, tanto en los casos con antecedente de viaje como en los que no lo tuvieron y se relacion贸 con los cambios en la movilidad y en los debidos al propio sistema de vigilancia durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El patr贸n de presentaci贸n de la enfermedad no vari贸 con respecto a a帽os anteriores, el 70% de los casos se dieron en hombres y la incidencia aument贸 con la edad en ambos sexos. La letalidad se estim贸 en el 5,5% para ambos a帽os. Se notificaron 58 brotes (246 casos y 13 defunciones). En el 52% de los brotes s贸lo se registraron 2 casos. [EN] Legionellosis is a disease of environmental origin that is transmitted to humans through aerosols of water contaminated with the bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The relevance of this disease, from the point of view of public health, is given by its frequent presentation as outbreaks. In 2019, 1579 cases were reported and 1543 were autochthonous (TI=3.28 per 100,000 inhabitants). The surveillance of cases associated to travel (ELDSNet) reported 97 cases in foreign travellers who visited Spain. In 2020, 1365 cases were reported and 1354 were autochthonous (TI=2.86). That year the cases associated to travel to Spain were 22. The incidence in 2020 was 13% lower than in 2019. This decrease occurred after three years of a sustained increase. The decrease was observed, both in cases with a travel history and in those that did not and was related to changes in mobility and those which affected the surveillance system itself during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pattern of presentation of the disease did not vary with respect to previous years, 70% of the cases occurred in men and the incidence increased with age in both sexes. The case fatality ratio was estimated at 5.5% for both years. 58 outbreaks (246 cases and 13 deaths) were reported. Only 2 cases occurred in the 52% of outbreaks.N

    COVID-19 outbreaks in a transmission control scenario: challenges posed by social and leisure activities, and for workers in vulnerable conditions, Spain, early summer 2020

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    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 community-wide transmission declined in Spain by early May 2020, being replaced by outbreaks and sporadic cases. From mid-June to 2 August, excluding single household outbreaks, 673 outbreaks were notified nationally, 551 active (>6,200 cases) at the time. More than half of these outbreaks and cases coincided with: (i) social (family/friends' gatherings or leisure venues) and (ii) occupational (mainly involving workers in vulnerable conditions) settings. Control measures were accordingly applied.S

    Enfermedad Meningoc贸cica en Espa帽a. An谩lisis de la temporada 2016-2017

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    [ES] La enfermedad meningoc贸cica es de declaraci贸n obligatoria en Espa帽a. Los casos se notifican de manera individualizada con periodicidad semanal, incluyendo informaci贸n epidemiol贸gica y microbiol贸gica a trav茅s de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol贸gica (RENAVE). La presentaci贸n de esta enfermedad en la poblaci贸n espa帽ola ha sufrido cambios muy importantes. El uso de la vacuna frente al serogrupo C ha causado un gran descenso de la incidencia por este serogrupo. Adem谩s en la 煤ltima d茅cada tambi茅n han disminuido los casos por serogrupo B. En la temporada 2016-2017 se notificaron 321 casos, de los que se confirmaron 270 y la incidencia fue de 0,58 por 100.000 habitantes. Se presenta el an谩lisis de los resultados generales de la vigilancia epidemiol贸gica de la enfermedad meningoc贸cica para la temporada 2016-2017 en Espa帽a y su comparaci贸n con las previas.[EN] Meningococcal disease is notifiable in Spain. The cases were notified individually on a weekly basis, including epidemiological and microbiological information through the National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance (RENAVE). The incidence of this disease in the Spanish population has undergone very important changes. Vaccination against serogroup C has caused a large decrease in the incidence of this serogroup. In addition, in the last decade cases caused by serogroup B have also decreased. In the 2016-2017 season, 321 cases were notified, of which 270 were confirmed and the incidence was 0.58 per 100,000 inhabitants. We analyzed the results of the epidemiological surveillance of meningococcal disease for the 2016-2017 season in Spain and its comparison with the previous ones.N

    Situaci贸n de la Tuberculosis en Espa帽a en el a帽o 2014. Datos de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol贸gica

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    [ES] Se presenta la situaci贸n de la tuberculosis (TB) en Espa帽a en 2014 a partir de los datos de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol贸gica, y los resultados de tratamiento de los casos declarados en 2013. La tasa de incidencia de tuberculosis en 2014 fue de 10,80 casos por 100.000 habitantes, un 10% inferior a la del a帽o 2013. Aunque 茅ste es un dato favorable, el descenso deber铆a ser superior para alcanzar los objetivos mundiales de la eliminaci贸n. La evoluci贸n de la incidencia de la TB infantil tambi茅n es favorable, aunque las tasas de meningitis tuberculosa en menores de 5 a帽os son superiores a la media global. En adultos j贸venes las tasas de TB respiratoria son elevadas, lo que indica transmisi贸n activa. En este grupo es donde se concentran la mayor铆a de los casos extranjeros procedentes de pa铆ses de alta endemia tuberculosa. Los resultados de tratamiento han mejorado (83% de resultados satisfactorios), aunque siguen sin alcanzar el objetivo internacional del 85%. Es necesario mejorar el diagn贸stico precoz en inmigrantes y adultos j贸venes, incidir en el estudio de contactos familiares, especialmente en ni帽os, y hacer el seguimiento completo del tratamiento.[EN] This report presents the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis (TB) in Spain in 2014, from the Epidemiological National Surveillance Network data. The incidence TB rate for 2014 in Spain was 10.80/100,000, a 10% decrease in relation to the previous year. This decrease is not enough for reaching the Global TB elimination target. Childhood TB is decreasing; nevertheless meningeal TB rates in children less than 5 years are over the national rates. Pulmonary TB rates in young adults are high, showing ongoing transmission. This group concentrates most of those born in high TB endemic countries. Outcome of treatment results have improved (83%), but not reaching the 85% global target. Early diagnosis in migrants and young adults is needed, as well as household contact tracing, especially in children, and follow up of TB treatment in all cases.N

    Enfermedades Meningoc贸cica en Espa帽a. An谩lisis de la temporada 2015-2016

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    [ES] La enfermedad meningoc贸cica es de declaraci贸n obligatoria en Espa帽a. Los casos se notifican de manera individualizada con periodicidad semanal incluyendo informaci贸n epidemiol贸gica y microbiol贸gica a trav茅s de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol贸gica (RENAVE). La presentaci贸n de esta enfermedad en la poblaci贸n espa帽ola ha sufrido cambios muy importantes. El uso de la vacuna frente al serogrupo C ha causado un gran descenso de la incidencia por este serogrupo. Adem谩s en la 煤ltima d茅cada tambi茅n han disminuido los casos por serogrupo B. En la temporada 2015-2016 se notificaron 314 casos, de los que se confirmaron 268 y la incidencia fue de 0,58 por 100.000 habitantes. Se presenta el an谩lisis de los resultados generales de la vigilancia epidemiol贸gica de la enfermedad meningoc贸cica para la temporada 2015-2016 en Espa帽a y su comparaci贸n con las previas. [EN] Meningococcal disease is notifiable in Spain. The cases are notified individually on a weekly basis, including epidemiological and microbiological information through the National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance (RENAVE). The incidence of this disease in the Spanish population has undergone very important changes. Vaccination against serogroup C has caused a large decrease in the incidence of this serogroup. In addition, in the last decade cases caused by serogroup B have also decreased. In the 2015-2016 season, 314 cases were notified, of which 268 were confirmed and the incidence was 0.58 per 100,000 inhabitants. We analyzed the results of the epidemiological surveillance of meningococcal disease for the 2015-2016 season in Spain and its comparison with the previous ones.N

    Una visi贸n general de la Hepatitis B

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    El D铆a Mundial de la Hepatitis se celebra el 28 de julio en honor al nacimiento del Profesor Samuel Blumber que descubri贸 el virus de la hepatitis B en 1965 y desarroll贸 la primera vacuna contra el virus. Blumber obtuvo el premio Nobel de Medicina en 1976. Hace ya m谩s de medio siglo1 de este gran descubrimiento y los avances en el control de la enfermedad han sido notables, sin embargo todav铆a queda mucho por hacer.N

    Near real-time surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic with incomplete data

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    When responding to infectious disease outbreaks, rapid and accurate estimation of the epidemic trajectory is critical. However, two common data collection problems affect the reliability of the epidemiological data in real time: missing information on the time of first symptoms, and retrospective revision of historical information, including right censoring. Here, we propose an approach to construct epidemic curves in near real time that addresses these two challenges by 1) imputation of dates of symptom onset for reported cases using a dynamically-estimated "backward" reporting delay conditional distribution, and 2) adjustment for right censoring using the NobBS software package to nowcast cases by date of symptom onset. This process allows us to obtain an approximation of the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) in real time. We apply this approach to characterize the early SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in two Spanish regions between March and April 2020. We evaluate how these real-time estimates compare with more complete epidemiological data that became available later. We explore the impact of the different assumptions on the estimates, and compare our estimates with those obtained from commonly used surveillance approaches. Our framework can help improve accuracy, quantify uncertainty, and evaluate frequently unstated assumptions when recovering the epidemic curves from limited data obtained from public health systems in other locations.PMD was supported by the fellowship Ram贸n Areces Foundation. JAH was funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Award U54GM088558, and the National Institutes of Health Director鈥檚 Early Independence, Award DP5-OD028145. ML was supported by the Morris-Singer Fund and by a subcontract from the Carnegie Mellon University under an award from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Award U01IP001121). MS was supported by the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences, Award R01GM130668-02. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.S

    Resultados de la Vigilancia Epidemiol贸gica de las enfermedades transmisibles. Informe anual. A帽o 2015

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    El objetivo final de la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles es reducir su incidencia en la comunidad. La Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol贸gica (RENAVE) tiene entre sus funciones la recogida sistem谩tica de la informaci贸n epidemiol贸gica, su an谩lisis e interpretaci贸n y la difusi贸n de los resultados. Este informe presenta los resultados de la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles para el a帽o 2015 realizada por los servicios de vigilancia de las comunidades aut贸nomas y el Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog铆a (CNE) de acuerdo a los protocolos de la RENAVE.N

    Resultados de la vigilancia epidemiol贸gica de las enfermedades transmisibles. Informe anual. A帽o 2013

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    El objetivo final de la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles es reducir su incidencia en la comunidad. La Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol贸gica (RENAVE) tiene entre sus funciones la recogida sistem谩tica de la informaci贸n epidemiol贸gica, su an谩lisis e interpretaci贸n y la difusi贸n de los resultados

    Resultados de la vigilancia epidemiol贸gica de las enfermedades transmisibles. Informe anual. A帽o 2012

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    El objetivo final de la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles es reducir su incidencia en la comunidad. La Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol贸gica (RENAVE) tiene entre sus funciones la recogida sistem谩tica de la informaci贸n epidemiol贸gica, su an谩lisis e interpretaci贸n y la difusi贸n de los resultados
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