A Disruptive Innovation for Upgrading Methane to C3 Commodity Chemicals

C123 is a €6.4 million European Horizon 2020 (H2020) integrated project running from 2019 to 2023, bringing together 11 partners from seven different European countries. There are large reserves of stranded natural gas waiting for a viable solution and smaller scale biogas opportunities offering methane feedstocks rich in carbon dioxide, for which utilisation can become an innovation advantage. C123 will evaluate how to best valorise these unexploited methane resources by an efficient and selective transformation into easy-to-transport liquids such as propanol and propanal that can be transformed further into propylene and fed into the US$6 billion polypropylene market. In C123 the selective transformation of methane to C3 hydrocarbons will be realised via a combination of oxidative conversion of methane (OCoM) and hydroformylation, including thorough smart process design and integration under industrially relevant conditions. All C123 technologies exist at TRL3 (TRL = technology readiness level), and the objectives of C123 will result in the further development of this technology to TRL5 with a great focus on the efficient overall integration of not only the reaction steps but also the required purification and separation steps, incorporating the relevant state-of-the-art engineering expertise

A disruptive innovation for upgrading methane to c3 commodity chemicals: Technical challenges faced by the c123 european consortium

C123 is a €6.4 million European Horizon 2020 (H2020) integrated project running from 2019 to 2023, bringing together 11 partners from seven different European countries. There are large reserves of stranded natural gas waiting for a viable solution and smaller scale biogas opportunities offering methane feedstocks rich in carbon dioxide, for which utilisation can become an innovation advantage. C123 will evaluate how to best valorise these unexploited methane resources by an efficient and selective transformation into easy-to-transport liquids such as propanol and propanal that can be transformed further into propylene and fed into the US$6 billion polypropylene market. In C123 the selective transformation of methane to C3 hydrocarbons will be realised via a combination of oxidative conversion of methane (OCoM) and hydroformylation, including thorough smart process design and integration under industrially relevant conditions. All C123 technologies exist at TRL3 (TRL = technology readiness level), and the objectives of C123 will result in the further development of this technology to TRL5 with a great focus on the efficient overall integration of not only the reaction steps but also the required purification and separation steps, incorporating the relevant state-of-the-art engineering expertise

A disruptive innovation for upgrading methane to c3 commodity chemicals: Technical challenges faced by the c123 european consortium

C123 is a €6.4 million European Horizon 2020 (H2020) integrated project running from 2019 to 2023, bringing together 11 partners from seven different European countries. There are large reserves of stranded natural gas waiting for a viable solution and smaller scale biogas opportunities offering methane feedstocks rich in carbon dioxide, for which utilisation can become an innovation advantage. C123 will evaluate how to best valorise these unexploited methane resources by an efficient and selective transformation into easy-to-transport liquids such as propanol and propanal that can be transformed further into propylene and fed into the US$6 billion polypropylene market. In C123 the selective transformation of methane to C3 hydrocarbons will be realised via a combination of oxidative conversion of methane (OCoM) and hydroformylation, including thorough smart process design and integration under industrially relevant conditions. All C123 technologies exist at TRL3 (TRL = technology readiness level), and the objectives of C123 will result in the further development of this technology to TRL5 with a great focus on the efficient overall integration of not only the reaction steps but also the required purification and separation steps, incorporating the relevant state-of-the-art engineering expertise.publishedVersio

Structural characterization and redox catalytic properties of cerium(IV) pyrochlore oxides

Ce(IV) pyrochlore oxides have been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and the parent material, a sodium cerium titanate, has been studied using total neutron scattering. While analysis of Bragg diffraction is consistent with an average cubic pyroclore structure, the profile is broadened because of the crystal size of <10 nm. Analysis of the pair distribution function (PDF) produced by Fourier transformation of the total scattering yields a structural model consistent with formulation of the parent material as (Na0.33Ce0.53Ti0.14)2Ti2O7. This contains a proportion of A-site titanium, consistent with the measured bulk density of the material. The PDF also contains evidence that the short-range order of the pyrochlore structure is disordered, with oxide anions displaced from the positions of the ideal Fd3̅m pyrochlore structure to give local symmetry F4̅3m. These observations are supported by static (broadline) solid state 49Ti NMR measurements on a 49Ti isotopically enriched sample, which showed a dominant, narrow resonance at an apparent shift of δ – 912 ppm and a second minor resonance consistent with A-site titanium. Sn(IV) doping of the pyrochlore phase is possible by one-step hydrothermal synthesis: this gives a series of materials with a maximum tin content of Sn:Ti = 0.4:0.6, for which 119Sn solid-state NMR confirms the presence of octahedral, B-site Sn(IV), and powder X-ray diffraction shows an associated expansion of the pyrochlore lattice. Temperature programmed reduction/oxidation studies of the materials reveal that after an activation cycle the parent pyrochlore shows a reversible low temperature reduction at <200 °C, more facile than ceria itself. The Sn-doped analogues also show a low temperature reduction, but on continued heating collapse irreversibly to yield a mixture of products that includes SnO. The parent pyrochlore has been tested as a support for gold in the water gas shift reaction and shows a lower temperature conversion of H2O and CO to H2 and CO2 than a ceria sample of similar surface area