31 research outputs found
The engagement of young people in irrigated agriculture in North Africa and Thailand: Diverse pathways which occasionally meet public policies
Young people's lack of engagement in agriculture is of increasing concern in many emerging economies. A series of studies investigated this engagement in irrigated areas in North Africa and Thailand. The research analysed young people's aspirations, the constraints they face in accessing the resources they need to formalize their engagement, the strategies they implement to overcome these constraints, and to what extent they receive support from public programmes. Many young people in North Africa and Thailand would like to get involved in agriculture and create their own pathways based on their aspirations and the resources available to them. However, the constraints they face limit their capacity to acquire the farms they would like to have, i.e. more innovative and more profitable than the farms managed by the previous generation. Their engagement in agriculture often takes place in informal settings. The majority of young people who overcome these constraints do so without or with limited public support. More effective support for the engagement of a new generation in agriculture will not only require increased investment, but will also need to better account for the diversity of profiles and aspirations of the younger generation. This will be facilitated by increased participation of young people in the design of support programmes
Comment mobiliser les jeunes adhérents dans la gouvernance des coopératives agricoles ?
Cet article analyse le processus de mobilisation dâun groupe de jeunes adhĂ©rents et de salariĂ©s au sein dâune coopĂ©rative du Sud-Ouest français. Notre analyse sâinscrit dans le cadre dâune rĂ©flexion stratĂ©gique lancĂ©e par la coopĂ©rative, prĂ©occupĂ©e par la problĂ©matique de sa gouvernance et la place que peuvent tenir les jeunes dans la construction de sa stratĂ©gie future. La rĂ©flexion est engagĂ©e dans un contexte de complexification des structures coopĂ©ratives en France fragilisant leurs liens avec les adhĂ©rents. Lâarticle prĂ©sente ainsi la mise en Ćuvre concrĂšte dâune dĂ©marche visant Ă dĂ©velopper la mobilisation des adhĂ©rents et des salariĂ©s au sein de cette coopĂ©rative. En cela, il a pour objectif dâopĂ©rationnaliser les rĂ©sultats de la littĂ©rature scientifique existante en proposant la construction progressive dâune mĂ©thodologie de mise en Ćuvre. En tant que premiĂšre Ă©tape dans cette dĂ©marche, notre article sâappuie sur une analyse qualitative basĂ©e sur la rĂ©alisation de plusieurs ateliers participatifs consacrĂ©s Ă un seul groupe restreint de jeunes adhĂ©rents et de salariĂ©s suivis toute une annĂ©e. Le travail prĂ©sentĂ© met en Ă©vidence un faible environnement de mobilisation au sein de la coopĂ©rative, une situation rĂ©pandue que lâon retrouve dans nombre dâentreprises exposĂ©es Ă des problĂ©matiques de gouvernance. Il montre Ă©galement quâil est possible de reconstruire un sentiment de mobilisation au fil des ateliers participatifs. Le sentiment de pouvoir agir, ou dâempowerment psychologique, impulsĂ© dans le cadre de cette dĂ©marche participative, constitue une premiĂšre phase vers la crĂ©ation dâun environnement plus favorable Ă la mobilisation collective, touchant un groupe Ă©largi. Cet article pose ainsi un premier jalon en matiĂšre de dĂ©marche dâaccompagnement qui offre aux coopĂ©ratives des pistes et des leviers dâactions concrĂštes permettant dâamĂ©liorer leur gouvernanceThis article analyzes the process of mobilizing a group of young members and employees within an agricultural cooperative located in the southwest of France. This analysis is part of a strategic reflection launched by the cooperative, concerned by the governance issues and questioned by the place that youth can play in the construction of its future strategy. This reflection is initiated in a context where cooperative structures are becoming more complex leading to distancing links with their members especially. This article presents a concrete implementation of an approach aimed to develop the mobilization of members and employees in this cooperative. Such doing, it aims to operationalize the results of the existing scientific literature by proposing the gradual construction of an implementation methodology. As a first step, our approach is based on a qualitative analysis through the realization of several participatory workshops dedicated to a small group of young members and employees followed for a whole year. This work highlights the failure in the environment of mobilization within the cooperative, a widespread situation that is found in many companies faced to governance issues. This article also shows that it is possible to rebuild a sense of mobilization through participatory workshops. This feeling of being able to act, or psychological empowerment, driven by this participatory approach, is a first step towards creating an environment more favorable to collective mobilization. Thus, this article marks a first milestone in terms of a support approach that offers cooperatives avenues and levers of concrete actions to improve their governance
Intractable Hepatic Hydrothorax: A Successful Outcome following CPAP Treatment
Hepatic hydrothorax is an uncommon complication in patients with end-stage liver disease. It may result in dyspnoea, hypoxia and infection, and carries a poor prognosis. Initial treatment is based on a sodium-free diet together with diuretics. In case of recurrent hydrothorax, a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or liver transplant should be considered. Here we describe an 80-year-old woman with decompensated liver cirrhosis related to NASH who presented with refractory hepatic hydrothorax. Treatment with CPAP resulted in a marked improvement in her pleural effusion
Diversité des exploitations laitiÚres sous indication géographique en Savoies : vers une fragilisation des filiÚres ?
For a few decades, the farming sector has faced major socioeconomic, societal, and climatic pressures, which has led to strategic changes in terms of practices. This article intends to study the case of the French agricultural sectors of geographical indications (PDO and PGI). The aim is to understand the diversity of practices in those farms and highlight their specifiers. Eight cheese quality chains have been studied in the Savoies territory (France), and 24 farmers were met. The typology realized shows that the desire to gain time and the professional identity of the farmers are key factors underlying the diversity of practices and strategies. The results also show an intensification of practices for some farmers, which interrogates the evolution of the specifications and future adaptation of these quality chains
Arrangements informels et types d'agriculture sur les terres publiques en Algérie : quels arbitrages ?
International audienceWhen Algeria became independent, it strongly collectivized its agriculture. In 1987, a land reform revised the way the government intervened in agriculture by putting forth a new restructuring of public lands along more liberal lines. This restructuring has led to the informal transfer of lands through tenure from public sector allottees who have insufficient means of production to renters who bring funds mostly from the private sector. In this article, we examine the types of farming which have emerged, based on the case study of the town of Ouarizane in the Lower Cheliff Plain. We then analyze their production logic and discuss their economic opportunities from the perspective of public interest.L'AlgĂ©rie, qui avait fortement collectivisĂ© son agriculture aprĂšs son indĂ©pendance, a revu ses modalitĂ©s d'intervention dans le secteur agricole en adoptant une rĂ©forme fonciĂšre, en 1987, qui proposait une nouvelle restructuration des terres publiques selon des orientations libĂ©rales. Cette restructuration a conduit Ă l'Ă©mergence d'une dynamique informelle de transfert de terres par le faire-valoir indirect entre les attributaires du secteur public, insuffisamment pourvus en moyens de production, et les locataires, apporteurs de capitaux provenant en majoritĂ© du secteur privĂ©. Nous analysons dans cet article les formes d'exploitations en Ă©mergence Ă partir de l'Ă©tude de cas de la commune d'Ouarizane dans la plaine du Bas-ChĂ©liff. Nous analysons ensuite leurs logiques de production et discutons leurs opportunitĂ©s Ă©conomiques comparĂ©es du point de vue de l'intĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂ©ral