Optical properties of zinc borotellurite glass doped with trivalent dysprosium ion

The zinc borotellurite doped with dysprosium oxide glass samples with chemical formula {[(TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3]0.7(ZnO)0.3}1−x(Dy2O3)x (where x=0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 M fraction) were prepared by using conventional melt quenching technique. The structural and optical properties of the proposed glass systems were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV–VIS spectroscopy. The amorphous nature of the glass systems is confirmed by using XRD technique. The infrared spectra of the glass systems indicate three obvious absorption bands which are assigned to BO3 and TeO4 vibrational groups. Based on the absorption spectra obtained, the direct and indirect optical band gaps, as well as the Urbach energy were calculated. It is observed that both the direct and indirect optical band gaps increase with the concentration of Dy3+ ions. On the other hand, the Urbach energy is observed to decrease as the concentration of Dy3+ ions increases

Experimental and theoretical approach on the optical properties of zinc borotellurite glass doped with dysprosium oxide

A series of glass samples with chemical formula {[(TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3]0.7(ZnO)0.3}1-x(Dy2O3)x where x=0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05M fraction were synthesized through conventional melt-quenching method. The most common way to fabricate a glass material is by fusion of two or more component oxides followed by their quenching. This technique is known as melt-quenching technique. Kaur et al. (2016) [1] highlighted that the melt-quenching method able to enhance the mechanical properties like hardness and flexural strength of the material. The nature of the glass systems is proven to be amorphous based on the XRD pattern. The FTIR spectra of the glass systems confirm the existence of five bands which are assigned for the BO4, BO3, TeO4 and TeO3 vibrational groups. The density of the glass systems is increased with the addition of Dy2O3 while the molar volume is found to be inversely proportional to the density of the proposed glass. The optical properties of the glasses are determined through the absorption spectra obtained from the UV-VIS spectrophotometer. From the absorption spectra, the indirect and direct optical band gaps and the Urbach energy are found to be inversely proportional to each other. As the molar fraction of the Dy2O3 increased, the optical band gaps are observed to increase as opposed to the Urbach energy. For this glass system, the values of refractive index, electronic polarizability, oxide ion polarizability and the optical basicity are found to decrease as the addition of the dysprosium oxide is increased. From the emission spectra, two intense blue and yellow emission bands are observed, which correspond to the 4F9/2→6H15/2 and 4F9/2→6H13/2 transitions of Dy3+ ions respectively. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the zinc borotellurite glass systems are found to be located in the white light region

Optical properties of zinc borotellurite glass doped with trivalent dysprosium ion

The zinc borotellurite doped with dysprosium oxide glass samples with chemical formula {[(TeO ) (B O ) ] (ZnO) } (Dy O ) 2 0.7 2 3 0.3 0.7 0.3 1−x 2 3 x (where x=0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 M fraction) were prepared by using conventional melt quenching technique. The structural and optical properties of the proposed glass systems were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV–VIS spectroscopy. The amorphous nature of the glass systems is confirmed by using XRD technique. The infrared spectra of the glass systems indicate three obvious absorption bands which are assigned to BO3 and TeO4 vibrational groups. Based on the absorption spectra obtained, the direct and indirect optical band gaps, as well as the Urbach energy were calculated. It is observed that both the direct and indirect optical band gaps increase with the concentration of Dy3+ ions. On the other hand, the Urbach energy is observed to decrease as the concentration of Dy3+ ions increases

Synthesis and characterization of wollastonite glass-ceramics from eggshell and waste glass

Abundance of waste products disposed by communities has huge environmental impacts which lead to serious problems. Some waste products such as eggshells (ES) and soda lime silica (SLS) glass waste can be used as CaO and SiO2 resources to bring on new potentially CaSiO3, wollastonite glass ceramics (WGC) materials. Three samples labelled as S1, S2 and S3 with different compositions, each with of ES (15, 20, 25 weight%) and SLS glass (85, 80, 75 weight%) respectively, were prepared via solid state reaction method. All the samples were sintered at 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C. The elemental analysis of the raw materials and the WGC samples has been determined using the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) system where the experimental results show that the samples were mainly contained of CaO and SiO2. The density of the WGC samples increase linearly with the sintering temperatures. The XRD results reveal that the optimum crystalline phase of the WGC samples was at around 900°C

Optical properties of zinc borotellurite glass systems doped with dysprosium oxide and dysprosium oxide nanoparticles

Two series of zinc borotellurite glass systems doped with dysprosium oxide and dysprosium oxide nanoparticles with chemical formula of {[(TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3]0.7(ZnO) 0.3}1-x (Dy2O3)x (where x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 molar fraction) were fabricated by using melt-quenching method. The physical, structural and optical properties of the zinc borotellurite glass systems at various concentration of dopants have been studied. The amorphous nature of the two glass systems was confirmed by using XRD analysis. The infrared spectra obtained from the FTIR spectroscopy for both series of the glasses revealed the existence of five obvious bands which were assigned to the BO3, BO4, TeO3 and TeO4 vibrational groups. The presence of the Dy2O3 NP in the zinc borotellurite glass network was proven by TEM image. The values of the density of zinc borotellurite glass doped with Dy2O3 and Dy2O3 NP were found to increase from 4.4181 to 4.94941 g/cm3 and from 4.4210 to 5.0081 g/cm3 respectively with the addition of dopants. The decrement of the molar volumes of both glasses follow the relationship between the density and the molar volume which supposed to be inversely proportional to each other. For the zinc borotellurite glass systems doped with Dy2O3, the indirect and direct optical band gaps were found to increase from 3.0000 to 3.0430 eV and 3.0800 to 3.1150 eV, respectively as the concentration of Dy2O3 increased. On the other hand, the direct and indirect optical band gaps for the zinc borotellurite glass systems doped with Dy2O3 NP were found to decrease in the range of 3.2880 to 3.3110 eV and 3.0015 to 3.0309 eV as the concentration of Dy2O3 NP was increased. The values of Urbach energy for both glass series were inversely proportional to the optical band gaps of the glass samples. The Urbach energy of Dy2O3 doped glass systems was observed in the range of 0.3389 to 0.3411 eV while the Urbach energy for Dy2O3 NP doped glass systems was in between 0.4010 to 0.4219 eV. As the concentration of the Dy2O3 increased, the refractive index of Dy2O3 doped zinc borotellurite glass was found to decrease from 2.0410 to 2.0310, which in turn reduced the electronic polarizability, oxide ion polarizability and optical basicity of the glass systems. As in case of Dy2O3 NP doped zinc borotellurite glass, the refractive index of the glass systems was found to increase from 2.0340 to 2.0410 as the concentration of Dy2O3 NP increased. The values of electronic polarizability, oxide ion polarizability and optical basicity were found to be inversely proportional to the refractive index of the zinc borotellurite glass systems doped with Dy2O3 NP. The increment in the values of the metallization criterion of the first series of the glass systems which were found in the range of 0.4866 to 0.4898 indicates that the materials were prone to act as an insulator. In contrast, the slight decrement of the metallization criterion of the second series of the glass systems from 0.4944 to 0.4934 suggests that the glass samples are metallizing. From the emission spectra of both series of glass system which were obtained from Luminescence spectrometer, two transition bands were observed which represent the transitions from 4F9/2 to 6H15/2 and 6H13/2. In addition, the x and y CIE chromaticity coordinates which were determined from the emission spectra and were found to be located in the region of white light spectrum. In this research, it is also proven that the values of the correlated colour temperature obtained for both glass systems fall in the neutral white light region

Effect of dysprosium nanoparticles on the optical properties of zinc borotellurite glass systems

The glass samples of zinc borotellurite glass doped with dysprosium nanoparticles with chemical formula TeO20.7B2O30.30.7ZnO0.31-xDy2O3x (where x= 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 molar fraction) have been fabricated by using melt quenching technique. In this study, the structural and optical properties of the zinc borotellurite glass doped with dysprosium nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. From the XRD, the amorphous nature of the glass samples has been confirmed. The infrared spectra revealed four obvious bands which are assigned for BO3, BO4 and TeO4 vibrational groups. The direct and indirect optical band gap, as well as Urbach energy, was calculated through absorption spectra obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopy. From the spectra, it is observed that both direct and indirect optical band gap decreases as the concentration of dysprosium nanoparticles increase. Other than that, the Urbach energy is observed to have an inverse trend with the optical band gap. The Urbach energy is increases as the concentration of dysprosium nanoparticles increases

The effect of erbium oxide in physical and structural properties of zinc tellurite glass system

In this research, the melt-quenching method was used to synthesize a series of zinc tellurite glass systems doped with erbium oxide with the chemical composition of [(TeO2)0.7 (ZnO)0.3]1−x (Er2O3)x at different molar fraction, x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, density, molar volume, elastic and optical measurements were used to characterize the prepared glass samples. At room temperature, the result of the XRD, FTIR, density, elastic and optical properties were all recorded. An amorphous nature of glass samples is proven by the XRD spectra. The analysis of FTIR spectra shows the presence of functional vibration of tellurite network. It is observed that the density of the glass system increase with the molar fraction of Er2O3. The value of molar volume is found to be directly proportional to the density. Thus, the increment in the density value causes the increment of the molar volume due to the increase of erbium concentration. This in turn results in the creation of excess free volume due to the difference of atomic radius between erbium and tellurite. On the other hand, ultrasonic velocity was used to determine the elastic moduli of the glass systems. The elastic moduli such as longitudinal modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus and Young's modulus give a fluctuating trend against the concentration of Er2O3. The increase of the elastic moduli is due to the mix former effect. In contrast, the decrease of the elastic moduli is due to the breakdown of Er2O3 in the zinc tellurite glass system which weakens the glass structure of the ternary tellurite system. The optical properties of the prepared glasses were determined by UV–vis analysis. The optical absorption was recorded at room temperature in the wavelength ranging from 220 nm to 800 nm. The optical absorption spectra reveal that fundamental absorption edge shifts to higher wavelength as the content of erbium oxide increase. The values of direct and indirect band gap have been calculated and are observed to decrease with the increase content of erbium oxide. However, the Urbach energy, refractive index, molar refraction and electronic polarizability are shown to be increased with an addition content of erbium oxides