A Study of Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Vocal Ontogeny

There is a shortage of literature regarding beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) vocal ontogeny, as presently, there has only been one published study on the vocal development of beluga calves, despite the value of ontogenetic studies for our understanding of sound-centered species. Here I offer the second longitudinal study of beluga vocal development. Using a calibrated digital hydrophone with a sampling rate of 256 kHz, I studied the vocal progression of a male beluga calf in early life. From his first day, the calf produced broadband pulse trains with upper frequency limits extending past the study’s Nyquist frequency (128 kHz); higher than what was initially reported in studies limited by lower sampling rates. Pulse signals were the most common sound type in the calf’s vocal repertoire during his first year. Mixed calls were produced in month one but were rare overall and not regularly produced until the calf’s fifth month of life. Tonal production was also infrequent and not apparent until month four. Over the calf’s first month of life, pulse repetition rate, source level, and third quartile frequencies of the calf’s pulse trains increased significantly. First and third quartile, center, and peak frequencies increased significantly over the first year, as did pulse repetition rate and call duration. In his second year of life, the calf developed a contact call that was most similar to his mother’s, analogous to the contact call acquisition of other beluga calves. Parallel findings from this and previous studies imply species-specific trends in vocal development

Pre- and Post-Partum Whistle Production of a Bottlenose Dolphin (\u3ci\u3eTursiops truncatus\u3c/i\u3e) Mother-Calf Dyad

Whistle use pre- and post-partum in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mother-calf dyad has rarely been studied. The current study is the first to investigate signature whistle production by the mother pre- and post-partum, as well as whistle use by other members of the social group during calf development, and how exposure to these whistles may affect the calf’s vocal repertoire. Findings showed that the mother increased her rates both pre- and post-delivery, while other group members produced their whistles at decreased rates until the calf’s second week of life. After the calf’s second week, whistle rates of the other members began to increase, while the mother’s production began to decrease. A discriminate analysis was used to determine the presence of adult contours in the calf’s repertoire. While adult contour imitation occurred in the calf’s whistle use, no favored whistle type appeared. In addition to adult contour imitations, the calf produced several other whistle types

The Longitudinal Examination of Body Mass Index and Internalizing Symptoms among Canadian Adolescents

Child and adolescent overweight and obesity issues are a rising concern. The mental health correlates of weight issues for youth are gaining recognition within the literature. However, the cross-sectional literature indicates that the relationship between weight and mental health problems is unclear. Further, few longitudinal studies have been completed to date. Thus, the overarching goal of the present dissertation was to examine longitudinally the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and internalizing symptoms among Canadian youth (ages 10-17, N = 6,987, 50.6% boys) using Statistics Canada’s National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), cycles 4 to 8. In order to achieve the abovementioned goal, the dissertation is presented as two distinct studies. Given differences in the availability of measures based on age group, developmental trajectories were mapped from ages 10 to 15 and follow-up measures were analyzed for ages 16 and 17. The first study focused on the relationship between the developmental trajectories of BMI and internalizing symptoms. This objective was achieved through a parallel-process growth curve analysis, whereby the latent variables (i.e., intercept, slope, and quadratic) of the growth curves of BMI and internalizing symptoms were regressed on one another to examine the relationships over time. Results indicated that there were gender differences in trajectories and in the relationships among trajectories. More specifically, the shape of the BMI trajectory among girls (i.e., linear) and boys (i.e., quadratic) differed, possibly reflecting gender differences in pubertal timing. Regarding the parallel-process analysis, among boys, factors of the BMI trajectory predicted changes in the trajectory of internalizing symptoms. Among girls, there was a bidirectional relationship between BMI and internalizing symptoms. As heterogeneity in BMI development exists, there may be groups of youth that are most vulnerable to problems. As such, the second study used growth mixture modelling to identify different trajectory classes of BMI. Then, the trajectories of internalizing symptoms and physical activity were modelled and plotted to explore patterns across classes. Three classes were found for both boys and girls: ‘normative,’ ‘increasing,’ and ‘decreasing’ classes. Demographic attributes such as socioeconomic status, pubertal status, parent health, and community setting, were examined as predictors of class membership. Significant attributes differed between boys and girls. For both boys and girls, youth in the ‘increasing’ classes demonstrated higher levels of internalizing symptoms and lower levels of physical activity compared to other classes. Findings highlight that gender differences exist in the relationship between BMI and mental health. Implications for research and practice are discussed

A Field Guide to the Irish Fantastic; A Study in Concept Art

Abstract Not Include

Letter from Elizabeth [Ames] to Hubert Creekmore

Elizabeth [Ames] writes from the Yaddo artists\u27 retreat in Saratoga Springs, New York, to Creekmore in Jackson, Mississippi. She informs Creekmore that he has been selected by the Committee on Admissions to stay at Yaddo between May and July 1951. Includes envelope.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/creekmore/1075/thumbnail.jp

Finding and Dating Cathlapotle

The people of the Cathlapotle town played a significant role in the fur trade era history of the Lower Columbia River, including Lewis and Clark’s visit on March 29th, 1806. Archaeologists and others have sought the town’s location for years. Long-term research has established that archaeological site 45CL1 on the US Fish and Wildlife Refuge near Ridgefield, Washington is Cathlapotle. This determination is based on the close match between site details with various ethnohistoric accounts of Cathlapotle. The site was occupied by ca. AD 1450 and probably moved there from another nearby location. It was abandoned sometime in the 1830s or 1840s. This chronology is based on 54 radiocarbon dates, historic trade goods including glass beads and ceramics, and documentary accounts

Messianic Jewish Liturgical Practices

This thesis explores the current liturgical practices of mainstream Messianic Judaism in the United States using literary and ethnographic research. It examines the historical, biblical, and theological basis for the worship practices used. The origins of their worship practices are evaluated to ascertain whether they reflect charismatic Christian, Jewish denominational or biblical practice. A combination of literary research and qualitative research are used to define the movement; give a brief but comprehensive history of it; and, finally, explain and examine its worship practices. Leaders of the Messianic movement were interviewed for the qualitative research. The findings revealed that a distinction must be made between the early and current practice, which now primarily reflects an intentional combination of traditional Judaism, charismatic Christianity, and biblical roots

Autoestima y desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes

Los TCA son enfermedades mentales de gran relevancia en el campo de la salud física y mental, debido a su fuerte impacto en la calidad de vida de las personas, y dado que, son cada vez más comunes. Su incidencia ha pasado de 3,4% a 7,8% de la población en los últimos 20 años (Galmiche et al., 2019). En el Perú, entre el 7% y el 11% de los adolescentes puede presentar un TCA (Chumpitaz, 2020). Estudios sugieren una relación significativa entre la autoestima y los TCA. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio busca describir la relación entre la autoestima y el desarrollo de TCA en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. La información fue recolectada mediante un proceso de revisión aplicada utilizando la estrategia de búsqueda PRISMA (Matthew, 2020). Las bases de datos revisadas fueron Proquest y Scopus. Los resultados indican que la autoestima puede ser un factor de riesgo o protector para el desarrollo de TCA, siendo determinante el grado de valía personal que tiene el individuo sobre sí mismo y la influencia de otras variables como la ansiedad o depresión. Así, la baja autoestima genera preocupación por la imagen corporal y la comida, lo que puede desencadenar la patología.ED are mental illnesses of great relevance in the field of physical and mental health, as they have a great impact on people's quality of life and are increasingly common. Their incidence has increased from 3.4% to 7.8% of the population in the last 20 years (Galmiche et al., 2019). In Peru, between 7% and 11% of adolescents may present an ED (Chumpitaz, 2020). Studies suggest a significant relationship between self-esteem and ED. The present study seeks to describe the impact of self-esteem on the development of ED in adolescents and young adults. This information has been collected through an applied review process using the PRISMA search strategy. The data sources reviewed are: Proquest and Scopus. The results of the research indicate that self-esteem can be a risk or protective factor for the development of ED, being determinant the degree of self worth that the individual has about himself/herself, as well as the influence of other variables such as anxiety, depression or perfectionism. Thus, low self-esteem is reflected in attitudes of concern about body image and eating behaviors, which in turn is related to unhealthy weight control/diet practices and, ultimately, can trigger the pathology