Buchweizen: eine Futterpflanze für Milchkühe?

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) has a high ecological value due to the long and intensive flowering as well as its favorable impact on soil fertility. However, in Europe demand for buckwheat kernels as food is low. Therefore, the question arises whether cultivation of this plant could be promoted by using it as animal feed. In the current preliminary experiment, the extent to which buckwheat, offered in different forms, is consumed by dairy cows was tested in conjunction with potential effects on milk yield. Three groups of lactating cows were fed a silage-concentrate mixture, which either contained 3 kg DM/d buckwheat kernel flour (n=4), or 2.5 kg DM/d buckwheat total plant silage (n=3) or no buckwheat compound (control; n=4). After 4 days of adaptation, the experiment lasted for 10 days. During this relatively short period, neither feed intake nor milk yield or body condition were affected. However, the nutrient density of buckwheat silage was low. By contrast, the buckwheat kernel flour proved satisfactory as an energy concentrate

Ruminal methane inhibition potential of various pure compounds in comparison with garlic oil as determined with a rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)

Ruminants represent an important source of methane (CH4) emissions; therefore, CH4 mitigation by diet supplementation is a major goal in the current ruminant research. The objective of the present study was to use a rumen simulation technique to evaluate the CH4-mitigating potential of pure compounds in comparison with that achieved with garlic oil, a known anti-methanogenic supplement. A basal diet (15g DM/d) consisting of ryegrass hay, barley and soyabean meal (1:0·7:0·3) was incubated with the following additives: none (negative control); garlic oil (300mg/l incubation liquid; positive control); allyl isothiocyanate (75mg/l); lovastatin (150mg/l); chenodeoxycholic acid (150mg/l); 3-azido-propionic acid ethyl ester (APEE, 150mg/l); levulinic acid (300mg/l); 4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-benzoic acid (PABA, 300mg/l). Fermentation profiles (SCFA, microbial counts and N turnover) and H2 and CH4 formation were determined. Garlic oil, allyl isothiocyanate, lovastatin and the synthetic compound APEE decreased the absolute daily CH4 formation by 91, 59, 42 and 98%, respectively. The corresponding declines in CH4 emitted per mmol of SCFA were 87, 32, 40 and 99%, respectively, compared with the negative control; the total SCFA concentration was unaffected. Garlic oil decreased protozoal numbers and increased bacterial counts, while chenodeoxycholic acid completely defaunated the incubation liquid. In vitro, neutral-detergent fibre disappearance was lower following chenodeoxycholic acid and PABA treatments (−26 and −18%, respectively). In conclusion, garlic oil and APEE were extremely efficient at mitigating CH4 without noticeably impairing microbial nutrient fermentation. Other promising substances were allyl isothiocyanate and lovastati

Механизм формирования фиксированного заряда в слое SiO2, полученном термическим окислением кремния

Solid-state recrystallization of the surface silicon layer after chemical and mechanical polishing with application of fast thermal treatment by pulses of one second duration is one of the feasible methods of improving the silicon surface properties. The purpose of this work is to explore the impact of fast thermal treatment resulting in solid state recrystallization of mechanically disrupted layer on generation of fixed charge in SiO2 at thermal oxidation of silicon. The results of studying P-doped electron silicon (KEF 4.5) and B-doped hole silicon (BDS 12) hole-type silicon of orientation <100> diameter 100 mm after chemical and mechanical polishing are provided. By the method of voltage-capacitance characteristic the flat zones voltage and charge density on the boundary of “silicon – silicon dioxide” were determined and by the method of scanning probe electrometry the surface distribution of these characteristic prior and after fast thermal treatment was determined. It has been ascertained that fast thermal treatment on silicon wafers KEF 4.5 and BDS 12 of orientation <100> due to solid state recrystallization of mechanically disrupted layer shall bring about 1.5 times decrease in surface potential along wafers area and residual fixed charge in silicon dioxide.Твердофазная рекристаллизация поверхностного слоя кремния после химико-механической полировки с использованием быстрой термической обработки импульсами секундной длительности – один из возможных путей улучшения поверхностных свойств кремния. Рассмотрено влияние быстрой термической обработки, приводящей к твердофазной рекристаллизации механически нарушенного слоя, на формирование фиксированного заряда в SiO2 при термическом окислении кремния. Приведены результаты исследования пластин кремния электронного, легированного фосфором (КЭФ 4,5), и кремния дырочного, легированного бором (КДБ 12), ориентации <100> диаметром 100 мм после химико-механической полировки. Методом вольт-фарадных характеристик определялись напряжение плоских зон и плотность заряда на границе раздела «кремний – диоксид кремния», методом сканирующей зондовой электрометрии – поверхностное распределение этих характеристик до и после быстрой термообработки. Установлено, что быстрая термообработка на кремниевых пластинах КЭФ 4,5 и КДБ 12 ориентации <100> за счет твердофазной рекристаллизации механически нарушенного слоя приводит к уменьшению поверхностного потенциала по площади пластин и остаточного фиксированного заряда в диоксиде кремния в полтора раза

Effects of dietary Sanguisorba minor, Plantago lanceolata, and Lotus corniculatus on urinary N excretion of dairy cows

Mitigating urinary nitrogen (N) losses is an important target of sustainable cattle nutrition concepts. One option to achieve this may be dietary inclusion of tanniferous herbs. Aims. Aim of the study was to investigate herbs with different profiles of tannins for their efficiency to abate urinary N losses. Small burnet (Sanguisorba minor) with high concentrations of total tannins, plantain (Plantago lanceolata) with low concentrations and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) with expectedly high concentrations of condensed tannins were included in the treatments. Methods. The test plants were mixed in dried form into a grass–maize-silage diet at 80 g/kg of dietary dry matter. They replaced dried perennial ryegrass (control). Twenty four multiparous dairy cows were randomly allocated to the four diets. Intake, eating time, rumination time, and milk yield were recorded individually, and representative samples of milk and excreta were collected and analysed six times within 14 days, following 10 days of adaptation. The diets with ryegrass, birdsfoot trefoil, plantain or burnet contained, per kilogram of dry matter, 0, 1.8, 1.2 and 1.9 g condensed tannins, 0.1, 1.9, 1.7 and 15.5 g total tannins, and 26.2, 28.5, 27.5 and 26.6 g N. Key results. Milk yield and composition were not affected by treatment, apart from a decline in milk protein content when feeding plantain. Milk urea concentration was reduced with burnet by more than 30%, compared with the control and plantain. Birdsfoot trefoil also reduced milk urea concentration, but to a lesser degree. Furthermore, the burnet treatment substantially shifted N excretion from urine to faeces (about 30% lower urine N losses). All treatments lowered the proportion of fine particles of <1.0 mm in faeces, what might be due to high fibre content of the control. Conclusions. At dietary proportion of 80 g/kg, burnet is a forage herb with potential to reduce ruminal ammonia generation as indicated by reduced urinary N and milk urea. Plantain and birdsfoot trefoil had no or negligible effects. Implications. The study indicated that small burnet could have potential as a feed additive for dairy cows in terms of N-use efficiency, lower emissionsto the environment, and reduced animal metabolic stress

Rutin and quercetin content in the forage of common buckwheat as affected by maturity and conservation method

The content of rutin and quercetin was examined in fresh, hayed and ensiled forage of common buckwheat. The treatments were two varieties of buckwheat, 'Bamby' and 'Lileja', and two ripening stages of harvest, first green and first brown achenes. In the silage, produced with experimental mini-silos, additional treatments were the wilting of the forage (at 35% dry matter) and the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum as inoculum. The concentration of rutin and quercetin decreased between ripening stages. Flavonoid content was different among varieties, 'Lileja' had the highest rutin concentration (about 20 g kg-1), while 'Bamby' had the highest quercetin concentration (about 0.2 g kg-1). Rutin and quercetin yield reached about 70 kg ha-1 and 500 g ha-1, respectively. The haymaking process reduced the rutin and quercetin concentration in the forage, however, the extent of reduction was higher at the green (-43% for rutin and -55% for quercetin) than at the brown achenes stage (-13% rutin and -26% quercetin). The ensiling process, with the associated bacterial activities, led to the transformation of rutin into quercetin. The decrease of rutin in the silage, compared to fresh forage, ranged between -84 and -99%, while in contrast, the quercetin concentration increased by about 140-200 times. However, the loss of total rutin plus quercetin during ensiling was limited (approximately 5%). Forage wilting negatively affected rutin transformation in quercetin, while bacterial inoculum improved it. These results highlight that the forage of buckwheat could be considered like a dietary supplement rich of flavonoids, with the potential to be used as functional feed

Raufutteraufnahme und Mastleistung von Masthybriden und Hähnen einer Zweinutzungskreuzung

Untersucht wurden die Auswirkungen einer integrierten oder separaten Zugabe von Raufutter zum Alleinfutter auf die Futteraufnahme und das Wachstum bei langsam wachsenden Mastbroilern und Zweinutzungshähnen

Aside from payment:the experience of acquisition and mutual use of resources in the Belarus Agricultural Library

In order to provide users quality information in conjunction with the optimization of financial costs for information resources of the library, they use the opportunity of free acquisition and actively develop cooperation with other libraries and information centers in the field of document changing and resource sharing. In I.S. Lupinovich Belarus Agricultural Library of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus there is functional system which includes, along with paid opportunities, mechanisms for free replenishment of its fund and mutual use of documents. Free acquisition of the fund is possible both thanks to acts regulated by the state and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, and through the development of partnerships with other libraries, organizations, and individuals through international exchange of documents, function of FAO depository, and receiving literature as a gift. The mutual use of resources is based on national and international interlibrary lending, participation in the World Network of Agricultural Libraries, and cooperation agreements with other libraries. The existing mechanisms contribute to ensuring access of Belarusian users to the world information resources on agriculture, as well as integration of the national sectoral information into the world information space with reduced financial costs

The requirements for rumen-degradable protein per unit of fermentable organic matter differ between fibrous feed sources

Ruminant feed evaluation systems use constant minimum requirements of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and often relate this to apparently degradable organic matter (OM). However, studies with tropical forages indicate that RDP: apparently degraded OM might not be constant across high-fiber diets. This was tested with semi-continuous ruminal cultures (Rusitec) using dried contrasting low-protein fiber sources: brachiaria hay (high in fiber, medium lignified), apple pomace (medium in fiber, highly lignified), and sugar beet pulp (medium in fiber and lignification). Each feed was incubated at 14 g dry matter day−1 with 0, 0.85, 1.7, 3.4, 6.8, 13.6, or 27.2 mg g−1 urea. The amount of urea needed to reach a similar basal concentration of ammonia in the incubation fluid was tested for each feed in advance. Apparent fiber and OM degradability were determined after 48 h of incubation. Data was evaluated by regressions and analysis of variance. The response curve of incubation fluid ammonia to urea supplementation was similar in slope in all feeds. Plateaus in apparent OM degradability in relation to ammonia concentration were determined. The ammonia concentration where apparent OM and fiber degradability reached 95% of maximum was approached in the order of pomace < pulp < hay. With regard to fiber degradability, a plateau was reached at ≥ 80 g kg−1 crude protein only with hay and pomace, whilst a linear relationship existed between RDP and OM degradation for pulp. In hay the ratio RDP: OM degraded was equal to 1.6 but was only 1.0 in the other feeds. There was no obvious lack of branched short-chain fatty acids at low RDP. Thus, the hypothesis was confirmed but the demand for RDP seems even higher in tropical forage compared to food industrial byproducts. The efficiency of urea to promote apparent OM and fiber degradation was also variable. Thus, it seems that minimum thresholds of either RDP or ruminal ammonia concentration may not be reflected appropriately by constants

Agrarian science for production: publication activity of scientists in the editions of production and practical purpose at the present stage

&lt;p&gt;A distinctive feature of agricultural science is its significant focus on practical implementation in agricultural production. One of the forms of scientific support of the agrarian industry by research institutions of Belarus is analyzed on the materials of publication activity of an agrarian scientific organization (Republican Unitary Enterprise "Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Husbandry"). It has been established that the results of applied scientific research, which are intended for employees of the agricultural industry and designed for managers and specialists of various qualifications, are published by domestic scientists in the form of book editions and journal articles of production and practical purpose. It is noted that, apart from printed publications, bibliographic and abstract information (and sometimes full texts) about production and practice publications is also available on the Internet. It was found that production and practical publications of the last five years were focused on a wide range of issues: from traditional (feeds, productivity, housing, livestock production, etc.) to innovative ones (transgenesis, information technologies, etc.).&lt;/p&gt