Dataset of 130 metagenome-assembled genomes of healthy and diseased broiler chicken caeca from Pakistan

This article presents metagenomic-assembled genomes (MAGs) of prokaryotic organisms originating from chicken caeca. The samples originate from broiler chickens, one group was infected with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and one uninfected control group. There were four birds per group. Both groups were raised on commercially available antibiotic free feed under a semi-controlled setup. The binning step of the samples identified 130 MAGs with ≥50% completion, and ≤10% contamination. The data presented includes sequences in FASTA format, tables of functional annotation of genes, and data from two different approaches for phylogenetic tree construction using these MAGs. Major geochemical cycles at community level including carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles are also presented

شفیق الرحمٰن بحیثیت مزاح نگار (’’دجلہ‘‘ کے تناظر میں

Shafiq-ur-Rehman was the renowned Pakistani humourist and a short story writer of Urdu language. He was one of the most illustrious writers of the Urdu speaking world. He has given enduring pleasure to his readers. He was a medical Doctor by profession and served in Pakistan Army. He also received Hilal-e-Imtiaz for his military and civilian services. He has widely been appreciated by the writers and critics of Urdu literature. He joined the Indian Army Medical Corps and served at different war fronts during the Second World War. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, he joined the Pakistan Army and eventually rose to the rank of general. He also served as Chairman of the Academy of Letters of Pakistan from 1980 to 1985. He created a world that was very real with all the joys, pains and anguish. His language was simple, spontaneous and expressive

تحریکِ آزادی میں اُردو زبان کا کردار

ٰIt is true fact that in freedom movement religious unity brother-hood, love for the mother-land can be seen in Urdu poetry which kindled resowting in the heart of Indian muslims. Urdu literature gave the people the motion which awakened the new spirit in desparate people. Iqbal enlighten the spirit of patriotism through his poetry in Muslims. He wrote thought provoking and inspiring poems, Prem Chand, Sa'aadat Hassan Manto, Ali Abbas Hussain, Krishan Chander, Asmat Chughtai, Rajendar Singh Baidi, Hoisted the flag of freedom through their writings. Unveil the conspiracies of British. Urdu language cannot be denied and forgotton which played a vital and key role, in the freedom movement

قائد اعظم: نظریہ پاکستان اور استحکام پاکستان

Muhammd Ali Jinnah Lawyer, Politician and Statesman an the founder of Pakistan Jinnah on and Iranian Postage Stamp Muhammad Ali Jinnah also spelled Muhammad (25 December 1876-11 September 1948 in Karachi, Present day Pakistan) is the founder of Pakistan. After the Partition of India, He became the Governer-General of Pakistan. As a mark of respect, Pakistan call him Quaide Azam(1) Quaide-Azam is a phrase which in the Urdu language means "The Great Leader" people called him Baba-I-Quam, Another phrase in the Urdu language which means "The father of nation".The day of his birth is a National holiday in Pakistan.(1) In the 19th century, the lan dwas incorporated into British India Pakistan's Political history began 1906 with the birth of all india muslim league. established in opposition to the indian Natinal congress party which is accused of failing to protect Muslim interests, amid neglect and under-re presentation." On 29 December 1930, Philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal Called for an autonomous new state in north western Indian for Indian Muslims The league rose in Popularity through the late 1930's Muhammad Ali Jinnah expoused the two Nation theory and led the league to adopt the Lahore resolution of 1940, demanding the informatin of independent states in east and west of British india. Eventually, a successful movement led by Jinnah resulted in the partition of Indian and independence from Britian on 14 August 1947

Dataset of 569 metagenome-assembled genomes from the caeca of multiple chicken breeds from commercial and backyard farming setups of Pakistan

This article focuses the recovery of prokaryotic organisms including bacteria and archaea from 9 different groups of chicken raised in different farm setups in Pakistan. The groups comprise of three different breeds (Broilers, White Layers, and Black Australorp) of chicken raised in different farming setups that include antibiotic-free control, commercial (open and controlled shed), and backyard farms. We have recovered 569 Metagenomics-Assembled Genomes (MAGs) with a completeness of ≥50% and contamination of ≤10%. For each MAG, functional annotations were obtained that include KEGG modules, carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), peptidases, geochemical cycles, antibiotic resistance genes, stress genes, and virulence genes. Furthermore, two different sets of Single Copy Genes (SCGs) were used to construct the phylogenetic trees. Based on the reconstructed phylogeny, phylogenetic gain of each MAG is calculated to give an account of novelty

<b>Dataset of 130 metagenome-assembled genomes of healthy and diseased broiler chicken caeca from Pakistan</b>

This article presents metagenomic-assembled genomes (MAGs) of prokaryotic organisms originating from chicken caeca. The samples originate from broiler chickens, one group was infected with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and one uninfected control group. There were four birds per group. Both groups were raised on commercially available antibiotic free feed under a semi-controlled setup. The binning step of the samples identified 130 MAGs with50% completion, and10% contamination. The data presented includes sequences in FASTA format, tables of functional annotation of genes, and data from two different approaches for phylogenetic tree construction using these MAGs. Major geochemical cycles at community level including carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles are also presented.</p

Temporal stability and community assembly mechanisms in healthy broiler cecum

In recent years, there has been an unprecedented advancement in in situ analytical approaches that contribute to the mechanistic understanding of microbial communities by explicitly incorporating ecology and studying their assembly. In this study, we have analyzed the temporal profiles of the healthy broiler cecal microbiome from day 3 to day 35 to recover the stable and varying components of microbial communities. During this period, the broilers were fed three different diets chronologically, and therefore, we have recovered signature microbial species that dominate during each dietary regime. Since broilers were raised in multiple pens, we have also parameterized these as an environmental condition to explore microbial niches and their overlap. All of these analyses were performed in view of different parameters such as body weight (BW-mean), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and age (days) to link them to a subset of microbes that these parameters have a bearing upon. We found that gut microbial communities exhibited strong and statistically significant specificity for several environmental variables. Through regression models, genera that positively/negatively correlate with the bird’s age were identified. Some short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, including Izemoplasmatales, Gastranaerophilales, and Roseburia, have a positive correlation with age. Certain pathogens, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Sporomusa, Campylobacter, and Enterococcus, negatively correlated with the bird’s age, which indicated a high disease risk in the initial days. Moreover, the majority of pathways involved in amino acid biosynthesis were also positively correlated with the bird’s age. Some probiotic genera associated with improved performance included Oscillospirales; UCG-010, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium, and Butyricicoccaceae; UCG-009. In general, predicted antimicrobial resistance genes (piARGs) contributed at a stable level, but there was a slight increase in abundance when the diet was changed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies looking at the stability, complexity, and ecology of natural broiler microbiota development in a temporal setting