Botanical Practice and Agricultural Demands in Early Modem Europe : the Contribution of Rembertus Dodonæus

Translation of Culture and Culture of Translation, ベルギー, ルーヴァン・カトリック大学, 1998年10月12日-15

Aspetti etici del trattamento delle malformazioni cranio-facciali.

When treating dento-facial deformities, the attention has always been put on the technical aspects of the various interventions instead of the ethical aspects, given the fact that dealing with children the primary worry is providing them with the best cure and the fastest path to a normalization of their deformities. Nonetheless, surgical and dental procedures do modify the aesthetics of the patient, thus you need to take into account also the ethical aspects of such treatments. Our aim has been to identify the outstanding ethical issues regarding the treatment of dento-facial deformities and to evaluate the perception of some peculiar aspects of the treatment by submitting a questionnaire to both the children and the parents. Facial aesthetics represent a psychological issue for most people, and our research confirms it; in particular parents are concerned about the social consequences related to an uncertain facial aesthetic. The crucial point, as always when treating children, is to pursue the best interest for them, leaving aside those concerns typical of the adults

Fine vita e decisioni etiche nelle emergenze anestesiologiche intraospedaliere.

Biomedical and biotechnological progress nowadays allowed doctors to prolong life through new and best therapies for many, once deathly, illnesses, and through new machine which can maintain vital functions in an artificial way; the therapeutic limit is always moved forward. Anesthesiologist usually manage emergency and urgencies in all hospitals\u2019 ward where the patients, especially during night and festive shift, can\u2019t always refer to their daily practitioner, who is not present in those context. If a CPR is necessary without the presence of the daily practitioner, bioethical problems, most of all due to the lack of medical deliveries regarding end of life decisions and clinical problems, grow exponentially. These conditions often lead to a wrong management with a start or a prosecution of treatments even when there shouldn\u2019t have been a proper indication; with a good communication and time to study the case, no one would have probably started CPR in many of those patients. Our goal was the evaluation of the management of these special cases, in a bioethical field, by visualizing retrospectively one year of intrahospital emergencies with an anaesthesiologist call, looking for basal datas regarding number and typology of emergencies and what is normally reported in medical records, then following results of these patients. Surely we can conclude that, if we want an improvement regarding ethical approach to CPR to patients with clinical history unknown by anesthesiologist, there should be a more codified decisional flowchart or medical delivery system in order to write and tell clearly ethical and clinical consideration

Fine vita e decisioni etiche nelle emergenze anestesiologiche intraospedaliere.

Biomedical and biotechnological progress nowadays allowed doctors to prolong life through new and best therapies for many, once deathly, illnesses, and through new machine which can maintain vital functions in an artificial way; the therapeutic limit is always moved forward. Anesthesiologist usually manage emergency and urgencies in all hospitals’ ward where the patients, especially during night and festive shift, can’t always refer to their daily practitioner, who is not present in those context. If a CPR is necessary without the presence of the daily practitioner, bioethical problems, most of all due to the lack of medical deliveries regarding end of life decisions and clinical problems, grow exponentially. These conditions often lead to a wrong management with a start or a prosecution of treatments even when there shouldn’t have been a proper indication; with a good communication and time to study the case, no one would have probably started CPR in many of those patients. Our goal was the evaluation of the management of these special cases, in a bioethical field, by visualizing retrospectively one year of intrahospital emergencies with an anaesthesiologist call, looking for basal datas regarding number and typology of emergencies and what is normally reported in medical records, then following results of these patients. Surely we can conclude that, if we want an improvement regarding ethical approach to CPR to patients with clinical history unknown by anesthesiologist, there should be a more codified decisional flowchart or medical delivery system in order to write and tell clearly ethical and clinical consideration

Assessment of lactic acid bacteria sensitivity to terpenoids with the Biolog methodology

International audienceTerpenoids are plant metabolites which can be found in traces in the milk of animals fed with fresh forages. To these compounds, many biological properties, including antimicrobial activity, have been recognized. However, no information about the sensitivity of lactic acid bacteria (naturally occurring in milk and dairy products) to terpenoids are currently available. The Biolog methodology, which is traditionally used for the metabolic characterization of microorganisms, has also been found suitable for the evaluation of the activity exerted by plant components against bacterial consortia, allowing to establish the duration of antimicrobial activity (if present) and its resulting effect on microorganisms viability. In the present work, this approach was employed to study the effect of six oxygenated terpenoids (geraniol, linalool, alpha-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, carvone, and menthone), which can be found in dairy products, towards 27 lactic acid bacterial strains (thermophilic or mesophilic, homo- or hetero-fermenting cocci), previously isolated from raw goat milk. Results showed that microorganisms were variously affected by the selected molecules. In some cases, terpenoids seemed to have a stimulating action; while in others, a transient antimicrobial activity was highlighted, without evident relationship with the metabolic/physiologic groups to which the tested bacterial strains belonged

Parental Relationship with Twins from Pregnancy to 3 Months: The Relation Among Parenting Stress, Infant Temperament, and Well-Being

Objective: The transition to parenthood, from pregnancy to postpartum period, is a critical process, particularly for couples expecting twins. There is very little literature regarding the links between anxiety, depression, dyadic adjustment, parental stress, and infant temperament spanning from pregnancy to postpartum. This study has two aims: first, to examine whether mothers' and fathers' anxiety, depression, and dyadic adjustment, assessed at the sixth month of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum, are associated with infants' negative affectivity (NA) and parenting stress; second, to examine whether there is any difference between fathers' and mothers' levels of parenting stress and perception of the twins' temperament, as well as to evaluate, separately for mothers and fathers, whether the levels of parenting stress and perception of child temperament differ for each twin. Method: The study participants were 58 parents (29 couples) and their healthy 58 twin babies (51.7% boys, 48.3% girls). Mothers' ages ranged from 30 to 44 years, (M Age = 36.3 years, SD = 3.2 years), and fathers' ages ranged from 32 to 52 years, (M Age = 38.2 years, SD = 4.4 years). The parents, during the pregnancy period and 3 months after delivery, filled out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Three months after delivery they also filled out the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Revised. Results: The analyses showed a significant correlation between parental anxiety/depression symptoms and infants' NA and parenting stress (in both mothers and fathers). Moreover, compared to fathers, mothers reported higher scores on specific dimensions of the infants' NA, [t(28)= -2.62 and p < 0.05; t(28) = 2.09 and p < 0.05], and parenting stress, [t(28) = 2.19 and p < 0.05; t(28) = 2.23 and p < 0.05], but only for Twin 2. Finally, the results showed that mothers' perceptions of child temperament vary between two twins, [e.g., distress to limitations: t(28) = 2.08 and p < 0.05]. Discussion: This study highlights the peculiarity of twin parenthood during the fourth trimester. In particular, the differences between twins' mothers' and fathers' perceptions are relevant from a clinical perspective and for perinatal professionals. It would be interesting to study the long-term impact of mothers' and fathers' differing perceptions of their twins