Traditional Ecological Disclosure: How the Freedom of Information Act Frustrates Tribal Natural Resource Consultation with Federal Agencies

When a federal or state agency administers environmental laws, such as the Endangered Species Act, the agency often consults with tribes. During these consultations, tribes often disseminate traditional ecological knowledge (TEK)—knowledge acquired by a tribe that is a mix of environmental ethics and scientific knowledge about tribal use. However, these consultations may be susceptible to disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). The purpose of FOIA is to inform the public. Because TEK often contains sensitive information about tribal social, cultural, psychological, and economic factors, tribes do not want this information available to those who are not members of a tribe. For example, a tribe may not want historic fishing sites to be disclosed to the public, but information on those sites could be useful for fisheries management. The combination of FOIA and tribal consultation results in a Hobson’s choice for tribes—take a seat at the environmental regulatory table and risk disclosing proprietary information or lose their seat at the environmental regulatory table. This Comment explores the dichotomy between the purposes of FOIA and the protection of tribal culture and knowledge. This Comment then examines the inadequacies of the current FOIA exemptions when applied to protecting tribal information. Additionally, this Comment looks to past attempts at providing legislative reform to protect tribal information and argues that legislative reform is the most appropriate course of action because it can provide a broader protection for tribes

Effects of Disturbance on Tree Community Dynamics in Whitebark Pine Ecosystems

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), a keystone species of high-elevation ecosystems of western North America, is warranted for listing under the Endangered Species Act due to the combined threats of fire exclusion, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), and increased pressure from insects due to climate warming. Despite widespread knowledge of the potential causes of the tree’s decline, there is limited understanding of its ecology, including successional dynamics in forests disturbed by white pine blister rust and mountain pine beetle. Specifically, there is a need for more information on successional replacement by subalpine fir and whitebark seedling regeneration dynamics. I assessed changes in forest composition and structure and seedling regeneration dynamics over a 22-year period (1990-2012) at 19 sites in the Cascade Mountains of Washington State (USA). Over the two decades analyzed, 26% of sites experienced wildfire, 58% were disturbed by mountain pine beetle, and 68% were infected by white pine blister rust. Only one of 19 sites showed no evidence of disturbance by these agents. Tree community composition changed significantly during the study period, primarily due to a significant decline in mature (≥20-cm DBH) whitebark pine . Despite loss of mature whitebark pine, I found little evidence of successional replacement by other tree species. I also found insignificant correlation between whitebark seedling density and basal area of mature whitebark pine. Seedling density was positively correlated with herb and shrub cover. These observed regeneration dynamics appear to contradict the conventional view that seedling establishment is contingent on local seed production and microsites free of competing vegetation. Additional, long-term studies are needed to comprehensively quantify the effects of novel disturbances on successional trajectories in whitebark pine ecosystems

Mirrors of Mechanized Man: Capitalism and Intertextuality as Represented in the Works of Herman Melville, Franz Kafka and Don Delillo

It is contended that literature, as a product of the socioeconomic conditions in which it was generated, can be used to explore the relationship between individuals and technological advancement, as existing within specific stages of capitalism’s development. Using Marxist analysis to examine texts generated during the cultural eras of realism, modernism, and postmodernism, it is argued that physical, mental, and emotional state of characters, as represented within works written by Herman Melville, Franz Kafka, and Don DeLillo, respectively, reflect the increasing levels of human alienation as experienced by individuals under the constraining forces of market capitalism, imperialism, and late capitalism

PENGARUH KINERJA KEUANGAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM (Studi pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Lembaga Pembiayaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2012-2018)

ABSTRAK Kinerja keuangan adalah salah satu faktor internal dalam bidang keuangan yang mempengaruhi harga saham yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan sub sektor lembaga pembiayaan pada tahun 2012-2018. Desain penelitian ini merupakan desain penelitian kausalitas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 12 perusahaan yang dijadikan sampel penelitian. Data yang digunakan adalah data laporan keuangan yang dipublikasikan setiap emiten melalui Bursa Efek Indonesia dan data harga saham yang dipublikasikan melalui Bursa Efek Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data panel dengan model yang terpilih adalah regresi random effect. Hasil penelitian (pada α=0,05) menunjukkan bahwa dimensi EPS, TAT dan PER berpengaruh positif terhadap harga saham dan dimensi DER berpengaruh negatif terhadap harga saham. Adapun dimensi CR yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) dalam penelitian ini adalah sebesar 0,497025 yang artinya harga saham dipengaruhi oleh kinerja keuangan sebesar 49,70%, sedangkan sisanya dijelaskan oleh variabel bebas lain di luar model. Kata Kunci: harga saham, kinerja keuangan, lembaga pembiayaan. ABSTRACT Financial performances is one of internal factors in finance sector that affect the share price of Indonesian Stock Exchange. This study aims to reveal the effects of share price of financial institution companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2012-2018. The research design is causality research design. The samples were 12 companies which were selected purposively. The data were obtained from financial statements published each companies through Indonesian Stock Exchange and share price data published by Indonesian Stock Exchange. The data then were analyzed using panel data analysis in the form of random effect regression. The results of study revealed (on α=0,05) that EPS, TAT, and PER dimension had a positive effect on share price, and DER dimension had a negative effect on share price. As for CR dimension had a no effect on share price. The determination coefficient (R2) in this study was 0,497025 which imply share prices be affected financial performances of 49,70%, while the residual factors explained by others variable outside the model. Keywords: share price, financial performances, financial institution

An occurrence of apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation events resulting in a delay of discharge in late preterm and full term infants

In a 5-year retrospective study, we identified a population of late preterm and full term infants with apnea, bradycardia, and oxygen desaturation (ABD) events as the last discharge-delaying diagnosis

Diffusion and Monod kinetics model to determine in vivo human corneal oxygen-consumption rate during soft contact lens wear

PURPOSE: We present an analysis of the corneal oxygen consumption Qc from non-linear models, using data of oxygen partial pressure or tension (P(O2) ) obtained from in vivo estimation previously reported by other authors. (1) METHODS: Assuming that the cornea is a single homogeneous layer, the oxygen permeability through the cornea will be the same regardless of the type of lens that is available on it. The obtention of the real value of the maximum oxygen consumption rate Qc,max is very important because this parameter is directly related with the gradient pressure profile into the cornea and moreover, the real corneal oxygen consumption is influenced by both anterior and posterior oxygen fluxes. RESULTS: Our calculations give different values for the maximum oxygen consumption rate Qc,max, when different oxygen pressure values (high and low P(O2)) are considered at the interface cornea-tears film. CONCLUSION: Present results are relevant for the calculation on the partial pressure of oxygen, available at different depths into the corneal tissue behind contact lenses of different oxygen transmissibility.Del Castillo, LF.; Ferreira Da Silva, AR.; Hernández, SI.; Aguiella-Arzo, M.; Balado, A.; Mollá Romano, S.; Compañ Moreno, V. (2015). Diffusion and Monod kinetics model to determine in vivo human corneal oxygen-consumption rate during soft contact lens wear. Journal of Optometry. 8(1):12-18. doi:10.1016/j.optom.2014.06.002S12188