Fungicidal mechanisms of cathelicidins LL-37 and CATH-2 revealed by live-cell imaging

Antifungal mechanisms of action of two cathelicidins, chicken CATH-2 and human LL-37, were studied and compared with the mode of action of the salivary peptide histatin 5 (Hst5). Candida albicans was used as a model organism for fungal pathogens. Analysis by live-cell imaging showed that the peptides kill C. albicans rapidly. CATH-2 is the most active peptide and kills C. albicans within 5 min. Both cathelicidins induce cell membrane permeabilization and simultaneous vacuolar expansion. Minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) are in the same order of magnitude for all three peptides, but the mechanisms of antifungal activity are very different. The activity of cathelicidins is independent of the energy status of the fungal cell, unlike Hst5 activity. Live-cell imaging using fluorescently labeled peptides showed that both CATH-2 and LL-37 quickly localize to the C. albicans cell membrane, while Hst5 was mainly directed to the fungal vacuole. Small amounts of cathelicidins internalize at sub-MFCs, suggesting that intracellular activities of the peptide could contribute to the antifungal activity. Analysis by flow cytometry indicated that CATH-2 significantly decreases C. albicans cell size. Finally, electron microscopy showed that CATH-2 affects the integrity of the cell membrane and nuclear envelope. It is concluded that the general mechanisms of action of both cathelicidins are partially similar (but very different from that of Hst5). CATH-2 has unique features and possesses antifungal potential superior to that of LL-37

In vitro antiviral activity of morin compound against dengue virus type 1 in vero cells

Introduction: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an irresistible ailment brought about by dengue infection. Recently, the medicine for dengue fever cannot be disseminated in various countries because of the price was high. One characteristic of a person infected with the virus was thrombocyte decreasing. In previous research it was known that guava can increase the number of thrombocyte patients of dengue fever. Guava was trusted can increase the number of thrombocyte because it contains a group of tannin and flavonoids as anti-bacterial. Some flavonoids in guava include morin, quercetin, and guajavarin. Objective: Purpose in this study, was to decide the impact of morin compound to the replication of dengue infection. Methods: This study used to test the inhibition of the virus is by Viral ToxGlo assay to know the value of 50% inhibition of morin compound on dengue virus replication (IC50) and cytotoxicity to determine the toxicity level of the morin compound against body cell (CC50). Results: This study of IC50 morin for dengue compounds is 9.42 µg/ml and the result of CC50 in Vero cell is 12.46 µg/ml. Conclusion: In summary, there was an investigation show that morin compound have harmful properties in the bod

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Morin Compound against Dengue Virus Type 1 in Vero Cells

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an irresistible ailment brought about by dengue infection. Recently, the medicine for dengue fever cannot be disseminated in various countries because of the price was high. One characteristic of a person infected with the virus was thrombocyte decreasing. In previous research it was known that guava can increase the number of thrombocyte patients of dengue fever. Guava was trusted can increase the number of thrombocyte because it contains a group of tannin and flavonoids as anti-bacterial. Some flavonoids in guava include morin, quercetin, and guajavarin. Objective: Purpose in this study, was to decide the impact of morin compound to the replication of dengue infection. Methods: This study used to test the inhibition of the virus is by Viral ToxGlo assay to know the value of 50% inhibition of morin compound on dengue virus replication (IC50) and cytotoxicity to determine the toxicity level of the morin compound against body cell (CC50). Results: This study of IC50 morin for dengue compounds is 9.42 µg/ml and the result of CC50 in Vero cell is 12.46 µg/ml. Conclusion: In summary, there was an investigation show that morin compound have harmful properties in the body