A reconstrução da identidade brasileira por meio da carnavalização em Concerto Amazônico.

Concerto Amazônico(2008) trabalha questões pós-modernas, que vão desde a problemática do tempo na causalidade histórica, assim como o dialogismo, a sátira e a ironia. O recorte deste estudo é a carnavalização, construindo a identidade brasileira em uma história ambientada em Cabrália. Apontamos as subversões, ironias e sátiras, que o texto literário nos apresenta por essa narração carnavalizada, decodificando-as e mostrando como elas se relacionam para a formação de uma identidade fragmentada. A perspectiva do outro, representada no indígena Angaturama, do povo Wajãpi; e de tantos outros, incluindo o próprio narrador-personagem, Caminha, estabelecem uma relação de espelhamento, que revelam a pluralidade existente dentro da identidade do nosso próprio povo

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

A presença de Camões na revista Colóquio Letras (Seções Ensaios/Artigos e Notas e Comentários) e em websites em Língua Portuguesa

O presente trabalho tem como tema a recepção Camões nas seções Ensaios/Artigos e Notas e Comentários da revista portuguesa Colóquio Letras (1971-2005) e dos websites, em Língua Portuguesa, sobre Luís Vaz de Camões. No caso de Colóquio Letras, a dificuldade de acesso à obra camoniana e aos textos que facilitam o seu estudo e a sua interpretação, pelo alto custo e por ser impresso, disponível apenas em poucas localidades e no caso do hipertexto, pela mídia em que se insere, acessível em domicílio a apenas 8,6% da população brasileira, segundo o I.B.G.E (tabela de valores absolutos e relativos de 2001-2004), levaramnos a considerar que este estudo facilitará e colaborará, além de ser disponibilizado gratuitamente e estar presente em texto e hipertexto, para o estudo de Luís Vaz de Camões. Nossos objetivos finais são a catalogação e crítica dos textos da Colóquio Letras e seleção dos melhores websites sobre Camões, por meio de fichas catalográficas do programa Camões on-line. Para o primeiro tópico, as análises foram elaboradas de acordo com o texto ao qual se referem, visto que encontramos vários escritores, produzindo em décadas diferentes, inspirados por teorias distintas. Para o segundo, catalogar e indexar o conteúdo (hipertextual e textual), desenvolvendo uma tecnologia exclusiva para seu acesso e veiculação (website e programa Camões on-line); a partir deste conteúdo, traçar a recepção crítica de Camões, levando-se em consideração aspectos como ideário veiculado, teoria literária aplicada, abordagem do discurso, intertextualidade. Os escritores, cujas obras mais nos apoiaram teoricamente, foram Hernani Cidade, Jacinto do Prado Coelho, Carlos Reis, Antonio Freire, A.J. Saraiva e Oscar Lopes, para o primeiro e segundo capítulo e Pierre Lèvy...This paper has as theme the critical fortune about Luís Vaz de Camões in the sections Essays/Articles and Notes and Comments of the Portuguese magazine Colóquio Letras (1971-2005) and from the websites, in Portuguese, about the same author. In relation to Colóquio Letras, the difficulty to access Camões essays and texts that facilitate its study and interpretation is due to the high cost of this magazine and, being printed, it is only available in few localities. In the case of hypertext, which is inserted in the media, it is accessible in residences for only 8.6 per cent of Brazilian population, according to IBGE an important Brazilian agency responsible for statistics and geographical researches (chart of absolute and relative values of 2001-2004). These facts lead us to consider that this study will facilitate and collaborate for the studies about Luís Vaz de Camões, beside the fact of being availed for free and being present in texts and hypertext. Our final objectives are the catalogue and criticism of the texts present in Colóquio Letras and the selection of the best websites about Camões, through index cards of the program Camões online. For this first topic, the analyses were elaborated according to the text which is referred to, once we have met many writers, producing in different decades, inspired by different theories. Then, for the second topic, we catalogued and indexed the (hyper textual and textual) contents, developing an exclusive technology for their access and transmission (website and the program Camões on-line). Starting from these contents, our intention is to trace the critical fortune about Camões considering aspects such as transmitted idea, applied literary theory, discourse approach and intertextuality ...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt