Polymorphisms of TP53 codon 72 with breast carcinoma risk: evidence from 12226 cases and 10782 controls

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previously, TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for various cancers. A number of studies have conducted on the association of TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms with susceptibility to breast carcinoma and have yielded inconclusive results. The aim of the present study was to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a search in the Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Sciencedirect, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) without a language limitation, covering all papers published up to Jan 2009. The associated literature was acquired through deliberate searching and selected based on the established inclusion criteria for publications.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of seventeen case-control studies, including 12226 cases and 10782 controls, met the included criteria and thus were selected. Ultimately, the relevant data were extracted and further analyzed using systematic meta-analyses. Overall, no associations of TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms with breast carcinoma were observed (for Arg/Arg vs Pro/Pro: OR = 1.20; 95%CI = 0.96–1.50; for dominant model: OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 0.96–1.32; for recessive model: OR = 1.13; 95%CI = 0.98–1.31). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, statistically similar results were obtained when the data were stratified as Asians, Caucasians and Africans.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that <it>TP53 codon 72 </it>polymorphisms might not be a low-penetrant risk factor for developing breast carcinoma.</p

Effects of two neuromuscular training programs on running biomechanics with load carriage: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Background In recent years, athletes have ventured into ultra-endurance and adventure racing events, which tests their ability to race, navigate, and survive. These events often require race participants to carry some form of load, to bear equipment for navigation and survival purposes. Previous studies have reported specific alterations in biomechanics when running with load which potentially influence running performance and injury risk. We hypothesize that a biomechanically informed neuromuscular training program would optimize running mechanics during load carriage to a greater extent than a generic strength training program. Methods This will be a two group, parallel randomized controlled trial design, with single assessor blinding. Thirty healthy runners will be recruited to participate in a six weeks neuromuscular training program. Participants will be randomized into either a generic training group, or a biomechanically informed training group. Primary outcomes include self-determined running velocity with a 20 % body weight load, jump power, hopping leg stiffness, knee extensor and triceps-surae strength. Secondary outcomes include running kinetics and kinematics. Assessments will occur at baseline and post-training. Discussion To our knowledge, no training programs are available that specifically targets a runner’s ability to carry load while running. This will provide sport scientists and coaches with a foundation to base their exercise prescription on

Bioequivalence of two enteric coated formulations of pantoprazole in healthy volunteers under fasting and fed conditions

Purpose: To compare the bioavailability of two pantoprazole (CAS 102625-70-7) formulations (40 mg pantoprazole enteric coated tablets) under fasted and fed conditions as well as to evaluate the dissolution profile in biorelevant media. Methods: The subjects received either 40 mg of the reference or of test formulation in fasting (n = 28) and fed (n = 70) condition. The studies were conducted according to a single dose and randomized crossover design. Blood samples were collected up to 12 h after drug administration in fasting condition and up to 48 h in fed condition. Plasma concentrations of pantoprazole were determined by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the observed plasma concentration-time profiles. Bioequivalence between the for mulations in fasting and fed condition was assessed considering 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of means for lnC(max) and lnAUC(0-t), within 0.8-1.25. Dissolution profiles were evaluated in biorelevant media [Fasting State Simulating Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF) and Fed State Simulating Intestinal Fluid (FeSSIF)]. The sameness of the dissolution curves was assessed by f(2) values between 50 and 100. Results: Under fasting condition the 90% confidence interval for the ratio of means for the lnC(max) (0.94-1.03) and lnAUC(0-t) (0.89-0.99) was within the guideline range of bioequivalence (0.80-1.25). However, the data for lnC(max) (0.51-0.76) and lnAUC(0-t) (0.68-0.90) under fed condition were not within the bioequivalence range. The postprandial study demonstrated a high intra-subject variability and in some subjects pantoprazole could not be detected for up to 24 h, although the dissolution profile of reference and test formulations presented a similar disposition in FaSSIF and FeSSIF as confirmed by the values of f(2) higher than 50. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the test formulation was bioequivalent to the reference in fasting condition but not in postprandial state. The dissolution profile in FaSSIF indicates that this biorelevant medium was more adequate to discriminate the in vivo disposition of pantoprazole than FeSSIF. Futhermore, the fed condition study had shown a pronounced influence of food in the absorption of pantoprazole after single oral dose administration.57630931

O papel da equipe de enfermagem no centro de atenção psicossocial El papel del equipo de enfermería en el centro de atención psicosocial The nursing team role in the psychosocial attention center

Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória-descritiva, desenvolvida no ano de 2008, em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial II e ad de um município da região metropolitana de Curitiba. OBJETIVO: conhecer o papel da equipe de enfermagem junto à equipe multidisciplinar do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Os sujeitos foram dois enfermeiros e três auxiliares de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e organizados em categorias temáticas: As especificidades da assistência no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial e O papel da equipe de enfermagem no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Os profissionais de enfermagem reconhecem que o CAPS representa avanço na qualidade da assistência em saúde mental ao considerar o tratamento humanizado e as possibilidades de ressocialização em contraposição ao modelo hospitalocêntrico. Entretanto, é preciso considerar que há uma confusão em relação ao seu papel enquanto membro da equipe multiprofissional desse serviço.<br>Pesquisa cualitativa, exploratoria-descriptiva, desarrollada en el año 2008, en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial II y ad de un municipio de la región metropolitana de Curitiba. OBJETIVO: conocer el papel del equipo de Enfermería junto al equipo multidisciplinar del Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Los sujetos fueron dos enfermeros y tres auxiliares de Enfermería. Los datos fueron colectados por medio de una entrevista semi-estructurada y organizados en categorías temáticas: Las especificaciones de la asistencia en el Centro de Atención Psicosocial y El papel del equipo de Enfermería en el Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Los profesionales de Enfermería reconocen que el CAPS representa el progreso en la cualidad de la asistencia en salud mental al considerar el tratamiento humanizado y las posibilidades de resocialización en contraposición al modelo hospitalocéntrico. Es necesario considerar que hay una confusión con relación a su papel en lo que se refiere a los miembros del equipo multiprofesional de ese servicio.<br>Qualitative Descriptive Exploratory Research developed in 2008 at Psychosocial Attention Center II and ad located in Curitiba metropolitan region. OBJECTIVE: understand the nursing team role along with the Psychosocial Attention Center multidisciplinary team. The participants were two Registered Nurses and three Auxiliary Nurses. The data was collected by a semi-structured interview and organized in thematic categories: The Psychosocial Attention Center Assistance Specificities and The Nursing Team Role at the Psychosocial Attention Center. The Nursing professionals recognize that CAPS represents a quality improvement in mental health assistance considering a humanized treatment and resocialization possibilities, as opposed to the hospital-centric model. However, it is necessary to consider there is some confusion in relation to the professional role as a multiprofessional team for this service