Libyan Experience in Congenital Heart Disease Interventions in Eastern region of Libya at National Heart Center Benghazi,2022.

ABSTRACT: Background: Interventional cardiology procedures are constantly increasing in management of structure heart disease in developing countries. Percutaneous catheterization   plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric and adult with CHD included Trans catheter device, balloon angioplasty and valvoplasty, atrial septostomy. Aim of study: 1. To recognize the Libyan Experience in Congenital Heart Intervention in Eastern region of Libya. 2. To evaluate outcome of the non-surgical intervention in treatment of structure heart disease. Methods: Retrospective study was done include 192 of children and adult undergoing Percutaneous diagnostic and intervention catheterization at NHC in a period between 2011 and 2020. Patients were analysis according to type of catheterization either diagnostic or interventional and type of congenital heart disease. Result: Revealed that Diagnostic were 68 patients (35.4%) and 124 interventional patients (64.5%). (47.9%) were male and (52%) were female ,42 patients (21.8%) underwent ASDs, PFO Transcatheter closure, 37 patients (19.2%) were Transcatheter closure of PDA, 27 patients (14%) were pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty, (11) patients (5.7%) were coronary angiography, (5) patients (2.6%) were atrial septostomy and (2) patients (1%) ballowen angio to COA stent. Complication in 2 patients (1%), failure in 2 patients (1%) and no death.Conclusion: - Transcatheter intervention is an alternative to surgical intervention to repair certain types of congenital heart disease (CHD) with less morbidity and mortality than the surgical method of treatment.Key words: -NHC: National Heart Center NHC, CHD: Congenital Heart Disease, ASD: Atrial Septal Defect, PFO: Patent Foramen Ovale. PDA: Patent Ducts Arteriosus.  TGA: Transposition of great artery, PS: pulmonary stenosis, TCC:   Transcatheter closure, BPV: Balloon pulmonary Valvuloplasty, COA: coarctation of the aorta

æREVIEW ARTICLE Antimicrobial resistance in Libya: 1970 2011

Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a major health problem that affects the whole world. Providing information on the past state of antimicrobial resistance in Libya may assist the health authorities in addressing the problem more effectively in the future. Information was obtained mainly from Highwire Press (including PubMed) search for the period 1970 2011 using the terms ‘antibiotic resistance in Libya’, ‘antimicrobial resistance in Libya’, ‘tuberculosis in Libya’, and ‘primary and acquired resistance in Libya ’ in title and abstract. From 1970 to 2011 little data was available on antimicrobial resistance in Libya due to lack of surveillance and few published studies. Available data shows high resistance rates for Salmonella species in the late 1970s and has remained high to the present day. High prevalence rates (54 68%) of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were reported in the last decade among S. aureus from patients with burns and surgical wound infections. No reports were found of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) or vancomycin-intermediate-resistant S. aureus (VISA) using standard methods from Libya up to the end of 2011. Reported rates of primary (i.e. new cases) and acquired (i.e. retreatment cases) multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) from the eastern region of Libya in 1971 were 16.6 and 33.3 % and in 1976 were 8.6 and 14.7%, in western regions in 1984 1986 were 11 and 21.5 % and in the whole country in 2011 were estimated at 3.4 and 29%, respectively. The problem of antibiotic resistance is very serious in Libya. Th

Enteric Pathogens Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Tripoli-Libya

Stool samples from children < 5 years of age with diarrhea (N = 239) were examined for enteric pathogens using a combination of culture, enzyme-immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction methods. Pathogens were detected in 122 (51%) stool samples; single pathogens were detected in 37.2% and co-pathogens in 13.8% of samples. Norovirus, rotavirus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) were the most frequently detected pathogens (15.5%, 13.4%, and 11.2%, respectively); Salmonella, adenovirus, and Aeromonas were detected less frequently (7.9%, 7.1%, and 4.2%). The most commonly detected DEC was enteroaggregative E. coli (5.4%). Resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobials was observed in 60% (18/30) of the bacterial pathogens. Salmonella resistance to ciprofloxacin (63.1%) has become a concern. Enteric viral pathogens were the most significant causative agents of childhood diarrhea in Tripoli. Bacterial pathogens were also important contributors to pediatric diarrhea. The emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella represents a serious health problem that must be addressed by Libyan health authoritie